Unit 4 Test and quizes

1. 1Alfred Wegener devised the theory of :

   1. Aa) volcanic hazards
   2. Bb) epi-centre location
   3. Cc) continental drift
   4. Dd) determining the earthquake magnitude
2. 2John Tuzo Wison's contribution to the understanding of plate tectonics was

   1. Aa) the description of the transform boundaries
   2. Bb) that volcanoes formed over hot spots
   3. Cc) that volcanoes formed at subduction zones
   4. Dd) both a and b are correct
3. 3The Himalayan Mountains were formed due to

   1. Aa) converging of an ocean and continental plate
   2. Bb) converging of two continental plates
   3. Cc) divergence of two plates
   4. Dd) friction and folding at a transform boundary
4. 4Which of the following processes does not help drive plate movements?

   1. Aa) mantle convection
   2. Bb) ridge slip
   3. Cc) ridge push
   4. Dd) slab pull
5. 5The San Andrea's Fault in which plates are slipping past one another in different directions is a:

   1. Aa) transform boundary
   2. Bb) collision boundary
   3. Cc) subduction zone
   4. Dd) continental slip
6. 6The Ring of Fire is:

   1. Aa) located around the Atlantic Ocean
   2. Bb) located around the Indian Ocean
   3. Cc) located around the Pacific Ocean
   4. Dd) the volcanic islands around Hawaii
7. 7_____________ is a surface wave with an up and down motion:

   1. Aa) P wave
   2. Bb) S wave
   3. Cc) Love wave
   4. Dd) Rayleigh wave
8. 8_____________ is a compression wave that moves through rock and liquid

   1. Aa) P wave
   2. Bb) S wave
   3. Cc) Love wave
   4. Dd) Rayleigh wave
9. 9Which statement is correct and allows seismologists to determine the epicentre of an earthquake?

   1. Aa) S waves are shear waves
   2. Bb) P waves are faster than S waves
   3. Cc) Love waves are faster than Rayleigh waves
   4. Dd) S waves travel through liquid and rock
10. 10The _____________ is the spot underground where the break occurs causing the earthquake .

    1. Aa) focus
    2. Bb) epicentre
    3. Cc) fault
    4. Dd) basal slip

11. 11Due to the compression forces, the rock cracks and as a result one rock slides underneath another rock forcing it upward. This is an example of a:

    1. Aa) strike slip fault
    2. Bb) normal fault
    3. Cc) thrust fault
    4. Dd) transform fault
12. 12The name of the equipment that records earthquake waves is a :

    1. Aa) seismogram
    2. Bb) seismograph
    3. Cc) Richter scale
    4. Dd) Mercalli scale
13. 13What two pieces of information do you need to know in order to determine the Richter Magnitude?

    1. Aa) distance from earthquake and the lag time
    2. Bb) the distance from the earthquake and highest amplitude of waves
    3. Cc) lag time and the lowest amplitude of waves
    4. Dd) lowest amplitude and epi-centre location
14. 14Which of the statements regarding earthquake scales is correct?

    1. Aa) A magnitude 6 earthquake has 3 times more shaking than a magnitude 2 earthquake.
    2. Bb) The Mercalli scale is a quantitative scale.
    3. Cc) The Mercalli scale requires the observations from people to determine the intensity.
    4. Dd) The Richter scale is a qualitative measure.
15. 15which of the following may cause a tsunami?

    1. Aa) earthquake along a subduction zone
    2. Bb) submarine landslides
    3. Cc) volcanic island eruption
    4. Dd) a, b and c may all cause tsunamis
16. 16Which earthquake will likely produce the least damage and risk?

    1. Aa) earthquake along a fault in the centre of a plate.
    2. Bb) earthquake along a subduction boundary.
    3. Cc) earthquake along a transform boundary
    4. Dd) earthquake of magnitude 10 but out in the middle of the ocean.
17. 17______________ volcanoes in Hawaii are not life threatening.

    1. Aa) composite
    2. Bb) Shield
    3. Cc) Cinder cone
    4. Dd) Terrestrial
18. 18The internal layers of the Earth are divided:

    1. Aa) by chemical composition
    2. Bb) by amount of heat produced
    3. Cc) every 1000 km
    4. Dd) both a and c are correct
19. 19The _____ varies in thickness from 35 70 km in the continents.

    1. Aa) inner core
    2. Bb) outer core
    3. Cc) mesosphere
    4. Dd) crust
20. 20The ____________ is composed of a liquid nickel iron alloy and is 2300.

    1. Aa) upper mantle
    2. Bb) outer core
    3. Cc) inner core
    4. Dd) lower mantle
21. 21This is composed of mostly " light " alumino silicate rocks.

    1. Aa) crust
    2. Bb) mantle
    3. Cc) asthenosphere
    4. Dd) inner core
22. 22The ____________ is the " plastic " layer in which the lithosphere floats on.

    1. Aa) asthenospehere
    2. Bb) upper mantle
    3. Cc) mesosphere
    4. Dd) crust
23. 23_________________________________ is the bending of the crust due to a large mass on top.

    1. Aa) deflation
    2. Bb) basal slip
    3. Cc) aggradation
    4. Dd) isotasy
24. 24The shadow zone is

    1. Aa) where only the P waves arrive at a station
    2. Bb) where only the S waves arrive at a station
    3. Cc) where both the P and S waves arrive at a station
    4. Dd) where neither the P nor the S waves arrive at a station
25. 25The movement of loose particles by wind, water or ice is called:

    1. Aa) erosion
    2. Bb) weathering
    3. Cc) deposition
    4. Dd) deflation
26. 26The transport of materials by rolling along is called

    1. Aa) saltation
    2. Bb) traction
    3. Cc) deflation
    4. Dd) suspension
27. 27Sandstone is more vulnerable to erosion than granite because:

    1. Aa) it is a softer rock
    2. Bb) it forms above ground
    3. Cc) it has small pores between grains
    4. Dd) a and b are correct
28. 28The zone of ablation is the :

    1. Aa) area snow accumulates in the formation of a glacier
    2. Bb) area where snow is disappearing by melting
    3. Cc) build up of the river bed due to sediment deposition
    4. Dd) area where no P and S waves arrive at a seismic station
29. 29Which statement regarding fluvial processes is correct?

    1. Aa) Striations are a major feature of erosion.
    2. Bb) Traction is the movement of particles along the river surface
    3. Cc) Deflation is the movement of particles in solution.
    4. Dd) The largest particles settle first as the velocity of the river decreases.
30. 30Which statement regarding dune formation is correct?

    1. Aa) the slipface must be greater than 30 m to be classified as a dune.
    2. Bb) The windward slope is steep.
    3. Cc) The tiny landslides allow the dune to move with the direction of the wind
    4. Dd) The tiny landslides occur because of small earthquakes.
31. 31ocean continental plate converge, [blank_start]the thin[blank_end], [blank_start]more dense[blank_end] oceanic plate slips below [blank_start]the continental plate[blank_end]. The [blank_start]descending[blank_end] plate pulls [blank_start]the edge of the continental plate[blank_end] creating [blank_start]deep ocean trenches.[blank_end] Then the continental plate is [blank_start]lifted[blank_end] and [blank_start]a mountain chain develops[blank_end] on the [blank_start]overriding[blank_end] continental plate. The oceanic crush then [blank_start]melts into the earth[blank_end] and [blank_start]few molten rocks[blank_end] rises through the [blank_start]cracks[blank_end] in the crust to [blank_start]form volcanoes.[blank_end]

    1. Athe thin
    2. Bmore dense
    3. Cthe continental plate
    4. Ddescending
    5. Ethe edge of the continental plate
    6. Fdeep ocean trenches.
    7. Glifted
    8. Ha mountain chain develops
    9. Ioverriding
    10. Jfew molten rocks
    11. Kcracks
    12. Lform volcanoes.
    13. Mmelts into the earth
32. 32[blank_start]Two[blank_end] oceanic plates converge [blank_start]the same general process[blank_end] occur; however, with the [blank_start]formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]very deep trenches.[blank_end]

    1. ATwo
    2. Bthe same general process
    3. Cformation
    4. Dvery deep trenches.
33. 33[blank_start]Two[blank_end] continental plates converge [blank_start]neither rock sub ducts[blank_end] because they are [blank_start]both relatively light[blank_end]. Instead the rock [blank_start]buckles[blank_end] and [blank_start]is pushed upwards[blank_end]., and produces [blank_start]high mountains and plateaus.[blank_end]

    1. ATwo
    2. Bneither rock sub ducts
    3. Cboth relatively light
    4. Dbuckles
    5. Eis pushed upwards
    6. Fhigh mountains and plateaus.
34. 34Explain the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes compared to the location of plate boundaries.
    Earthquakes are located [blank_start]at or near plate boundaries[blank_end] and come [blank_start]along the faults[blank_end] within [blank_start]the middle of the plates[blank_end]. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] earthquakes occur along faults [blank_start]associated with plate boundaries[blank_end]. [blank_start]Volcanoes[blank_end] are located where the plates are [blank_start]converging and subduction zones[blank_end] and some volcanoes [blank_start]are over hot spots.[blank_end]

    1. Aat or near plate boundaries
    2. Balong the faults
    3. Cthe middle of the plates
    4. DLarge
    5. Eassociated with plate boundaries
    6. FVolcanoes
    7. Gconverging and subduction zones
    8. Hare over hot spots.
35. 35Label the correct term for the following seismogram.

    

    1. Aamplitude
    2. BP waves
    3. CLag time
    4. DS waves
    5. ESurface waves
36. 36How does the type of surface ( soft soil vs. bedrock) affect earthquake waves and damage?
    
    Seismic waves have a [blank_start]greater impact[blank_end] and is [blank_start]more amplified[blank_end] in [blank_start]soft soils[blank_end] than [blank_start]bedrocks[blank_end]. The seismic wave [blank_start]causes[blank_end] [blank_start]more damages[blank_end] and [blank_start]shake impact[blank_end] on [blank_start]soil[blank_end] then on [blank_start]bedrock material[blank_end].

    1. Agreater impact
    2. Bmore amplified
    3. Csoft soils
    4. Dbedrocks
    5. Ecauses
    6. Fmore damages
    7. Gshake impact
    8. Hsoil
    9. Ibedrock material
37. 37Describe the three different types of weathering processes and give an example of each.
    
    [blank_start]Chemical weathering[blank_end] is the [blank_start]chemical change of the minerals in the[blank_end] rock. [blank_start]Metamorphic chemical[blank_end] changes are usually mistaken as [blank_start]chemical weathering[blank_end]. one example of chemical weathering is [blank_start]acid rain[blank_end]; when [blank_start]fossil fuels[blank_end] are [blank_start]burnt[blank_end] they release [blank_start]carbon and nitrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]with the moisture in the air[blank_end] it produces [blank_start]sulfuric acid[blank_end] and [blank_start]carbonic acid[blank_end], which is why it has [blank_start]more acidity[blank_end] then average rainfalls.
    
    .[blank_start]Mechanical weathering[blank_end] is the [blank_start]physical breakdown[blank_end] of the rocks into [blank_start]smaller fragments[blank_end] without c[blank_start]hanging the chemical composition.[blank_end] One example is [blank_start]Freeze-thaw[blank_end]. When water is [blank_start]leaked into crack[blank_end]s of rocks and it [blank_start]freezes it expands[blank_end] and [blank_start]pushes[blank_end] the rocks [blank_start]apart.[blank_end]
    
    
    [blank_start]Biological weathering[blank_end] may involve [blank_start]bother chemical[blank_end]; [blank_start]production of organic compounds[blank_end] that [blank_start]break down minerals[blank_end] and [blank_start]rocks and physical processes;[blank_end] roots growing into [blank_start]cracks[blank_end]; depending on [blank_start]the processes of the organism[blank_end]. one example is when [blank_start]tiny bacteria, algae[blank_end], [blank_start]moss grow[blank_end] on rocks and produces a [blank_start]chemical break down on the surface[blank_end] of the rock.

    1. AChemical weathering
    2. Bchemical change of the minerals in the
    3. CMetamorphic chemical
    4. Dchemical weathering
    5. Eacid rain
    6. Ffossil fuels
    7. Gburnt
    8. Hcarbon and nitrogen
    9. Iwith the moisture in the air
    10. Jsulfuric acid
    11. Kcarbonic acid
    12. Lmore acidity
    13. MMechanical weathering
    14. Nphysical breakdown
    15. Osmaller fragments
    16. Phanging the chemical composition.
    17. QFreeze-thaw
    18. Rleaked into crack
    19. Sfreezes it expands
    20. Tpushes
    21. Uapart.
    22. VBiological weathering
    23. Wbother chemical
    24. Xproduction of organic compounds
    25. Ybreak down minerals
    26. Zrocks and physical processes;
    27. AAcracks
    28. ABthe processes of the organism
    29. ACtiny bacteria, algae
    30. ADmoss grow
    31. AEchemical break down on the surface
38. 38Describe two land form features formed by each other following forces: water, wind, and ice.
    
    [blank_start]Water:[blank_end] At the [blank_start]upper reaches[blank_end] of rivers in the [blank_start]mountains[blank_end], the [blank_start]velocity of a river[blank_end] is high [blank_start]due to gradation changes[blank_end] and [blank_start]erosion is an active[blank_end] process as the river tries to [blank_start]adjust to the topography[blank_end], As a result, large canyons and valleys are [blank_start]often carve out of the mountains[blank_end].
    
    Where there is [blank_start]differential erosion[blank_end] within the ground, water falls [blank_start]are shaped[blank_end] with the [blank_start]erosion[blank_end] of the [blank_start]cliff.[blank_end]
    
    [blank_start]Wind:[blank_end] Deposition of sand [blank_start]occurs as sand sheets[blank_end], which are generally [blank_start]flat rolling area of sand[blank_end], as dunes with gentle [blank_start]upwind slopes[blank_end] and [blank_start]steep leeward slopes to as a slipface[blank_end]. The [blank_start]minimum height[blank_end] of the slipface for the [blank_start]mound[blank_end] to be classified as a dune is [blank_start]30 cam[blank_end]. The [blank_start]sand grains[blank_end] move up the slope by [blank_start]saltation and creep[blank_end], the particles accumulate at the [blank_start]top[blank_end], and when the [blank_start]angle of repose[blank_end] is exceeded they fall over in a tiny landslid. As this process continues the dune moves in the [blank_start]direction of the wind.[blank_end]
    
    Most of the [blank_start]dust[blank_end] carries by [blank_start]dust storms[blank_end] is in the form of [blank_start]slit-size particle[blank_end]s, and the [blank_start]deposits of windblown silt[blank_end] are called [blank_start]loess[blank_end].
    
    [blank_start]Yardangs;[blank_end] sculpted land forms; are up to [blank_start]tens of meters high[blank_end] and [blank_start]kilometers long[blank_end] and have been [blank_start]streamlines by the erosion[blank_end] due to the [blank_start]desert wind.[blank_end]
    
    
    [blank_start]Ice/Glaciers:[blank_end] [blank_start]Cirques[blank_end] are horseshoe shaped [blank_start]depressions[blank_end] formed by the [blank_start]erosional action of alpine glaciers[blank_end]. [blank_start]Moraine[blank_end] are glacial rocks that are deposited along [blank_start]the edges of the glaciers.[blank_end] [blank_start]Kettles are large chunks[blank_end] of ice left in a depression [blank_start]melt to form small rounded lakes.[blank_end] [blank_start]Kames[blank_end] are [blank_start]ponds[blank_end] or depressions left by [blank_start]melting masses of glacial ice.[blank_end]

    1. AWater:
    2. Bupper reaches
    3. Cmountains
    4. Dvelocity of a river
    5. Edue to gradation changes
    6. Ferosion is an active
    7. Gadjust to the topography
    8. Hoften carve out of the mountains
    9. Iare shaped
    10. Jerosion
    11. Kcliff.
    12. Ldifferential erosion
    13. MWind:
    14. NIce/Glaciers:
    15. Ooccurs as sand sheets
    16. Pflat rolling area of sand
    17. Qupwind slopes
    18. Rsteep leeward slopes to as a slipface
    19. Sminimum height
    20. Tmound
    21. U30 cam
    22. Vsand grains
    23. Wsaltation and creep
    24. Xloess
    25. Ytop
    26. Zangle of repose
    27. AAdirection of the wind.
    28. ABdust
    29. ACdust storms
    30. ADslit-size particle
    31. AEdeposits of windblown silt
    32. AFYardangs;
    33. AGtens of meters high
    34. AHkilometers long
    35. AIstreamlines by the erosion
    36. AJdesert wind.
    37. AKCirques
    38. ALdepressions
    39. AMerosional action of alpine glaciers
    40. ANMoraine
    41. AOthe edges of the glaciers.
    42. APKettles are large chunks
    43. AQmelt to form small rounded lakes.
    44. ARKames
    45. ASponds
    46. ATmelting masses of glacial ice.

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Grade 12 Earth and Space Science Quiz sobre Unit 4 Test and quizes, criado por Winnie Cee em 26-07-2016.

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Winnie Cee

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