719672
Questão 1
Questão
An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is ____.
Responda
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Traditional orientation
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Rationality
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Utilitarian
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Empiricism
Questão 2
Questão
Which sociologist is given credit for coining the concept of the "McDonaldization of Society"?
Responda
-
Jeffery Reiman
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Douglas Massey
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Howard Winet
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George Ritzer
Questão 3
Questão
Nick was a promising caseworker for an agency. After earning several lower-level promotions, he was appointed to a supervisory position. Supervisory work did not mix well with Nick's abilities and he fell into a professional rut. This is an example of the ____.
Responda
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Kanter Syndrome
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Weber effect
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Peter principle
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Ouchi Theorem
Questão 4
Questão
According to Kanter, organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how progressive they are. Regardless of the type of organization they are in, what do these highly visible positions usually have in common.
Responda
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They are supervisory jobs with considerable power and autonomy
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They are highly paid jobs directed toward "fast-track" promotions
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They are jobs with little power and minimal authority
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They are highly competitive positions sought after by most members of the organization
Questão 5
Questão
It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as fringe benefit for their empoyees. What has evaluative research found regarding the costs and benefits of these facilities?
Responda
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Day care facilities are ineffective because the are used by only a few employees
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Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate
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Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale
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The results of the research are inconclusive
Questão 6
Questão
Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called _____.
Responda
-
Ethics
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Values
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Folkways
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Crimes
Questão 7
Questão
The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
Responda
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It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant
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the nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance
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Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction of society
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Deviance is analogous to mental illness
Questão 8
Questão
In an effort to resist the label of "deviant", most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ___.
Responda
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Ideologies
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Techniques of neutralization
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Strategies of justification
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lableing
Questão 9
Questão
According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normleness. This sense of normleness is referred to as ____.
Responda
-
Anomie
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Latent dysfunction
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mass hysteria
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retreatism
Questão 10
Questão
What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?
Responda
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a good lawyer and big expense account
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neighborhood and income
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race and ethnicity
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marriage and education
Questão 11
Questão
In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been _____.
Responda
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Race
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Income
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Education
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Gender
Questão 12
Questão
What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste and estate?
Responda
-
the class system is not based on religion
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the class system has fluid boundaries
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the class system works in democracies
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the class system existed before the other three
Questão 13
Questão
What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?
Responda
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The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society
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a strong middle class would emerge
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workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate
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Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control
Questão 14
Questão
Which concept explains the rise of global stratifications including core nations, semi-periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?
Responda
-
Neocolonialism
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culture of poverty
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colonialism
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world system theory
Questão 15
Questão
Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal relationships.
Responda
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To develop the necessary political stability to maintain partnership
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to expand the middle class throughout least industrialized nations
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to increase humanitarian aid to the poor
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to increase the standard of living of people in poor nations
Questão 16
Questão
As described in the text, what are the two myths of race?
Responda
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Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin
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there is only one race; intelligence is based on race
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one race superior to another; pure races exist
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all races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed
Questão 17
Questão
while race might reflect our biological heritage, ___ reflects our cultural heritage
Responda
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gender
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age
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ethnicity
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social class
Questão 18
Questão
the best lasagna in the valley. in view of this, which phrase best describes Tony's behavior?
Responda
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Tony is exercising the concept of ethnic work
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tony is experiencing a racial identity crisis
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tony is experiencing role diffusion
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tony is confused over what his master status is
Questão 19
Questão
The belief held by many African Americans that lighter skinned African American women are more attractive than those with darker skin is referred to as ___.
Responda
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the reformulation of race at the micro-level
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The internalization of the norms of the dominant group
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reverse racism at the micro-level
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race betrayal of the minority class
Questão 20
Questão
Prejudice describes ____ while discrimination describes ______.
Responda
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Values; attitudes
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Norms; beliefs
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Attitudes; actions
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Actions; attitudes
Questão 21
Questão
Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ____ against Pedro.
Responda
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Individual prejudice
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Institutional prejudice
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individual discrimination
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institutional discrimination
Questão 22
Questão
In American history, who were the white ethics?
Responda
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They were immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
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They were colonists who settled in Canada
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They were colonists who left the original 13 colonies and moved westward prior to the establishment of the United States.
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They were colonists loyal to England who did not support American independence
Questão 23
Questão
Of all ethnic groups, in which group are children most likely to grow up with two parents and least likely to be born to a single mother?
Responda
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Native American
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Asian American
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Latino American
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Caucasian European
Questão 24
Questão
What are three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?
Responda
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Ethnicity, race, sex
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wealth, power, prestige
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sex, power, education
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occupation, neighborhoods, wealth
Questão 25
Questão
which of the following individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible" marriage partners based on background expectations?
Responda
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Ruth, a member of the working poor living in Harlem
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Herbert, a blue-collar machinist living in the city
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Noelle, the daughter of two high school teachers living in suburbia
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Christian, the son of a CEO of a major corporation.
Questão 26
Questão
Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "amens" and "praise jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the _____ class.
Responda
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capitalist
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upper-middle
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middle
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lower
Questão 27
Questão
What is the relationship between births to a single women and their level of education?
Responda
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the greater the level of education, the more births to single women
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the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women
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the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women
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there is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women
Questão 28
Questão
The Key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 30
Questão
Wealth and incom are interchangeable terms, each meaning the smae in reference to social class
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 31
Questão
there is a direct relationship between the amount of education an occupation requires and the prestige it holds in society
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
the higher a person's position on the social ladder, the more likely they will become a victim of crime
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 33
Questão
The 1985 Vietnam veterans study clearly demonstrated that biology (in this case, testosterone) is the cause of male aggressiveness.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 34
Questão
The major theories on the origin of patriarchy point to the social consequences of human reproduction
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 35
Questão
Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men, which is overlaid in culture?
Responda
-
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein
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Margaret Mead
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Alice Rossi
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Rebecca Ann Wilson
Questão 36
Questão
Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veteran's study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?
Responda
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Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior
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Nurture is the dominant force determining human behavior
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Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together
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Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior
Questão 37
Questão
What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to gender stratification
Responda
-
symbolic interactionism
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exchange theory
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neo-marxism
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feminism
Questão 38
Questão
Which wave of the women's movement focused on teh problems of women in the least industrialized nations?
Responda
-
the first wave
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the second wave
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the third wave
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the fourth wave
Questão 39
Questão
the age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is ____.
Responda
-
12 to 15
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16-19
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20-24
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25-34
Questão 40
Questão
What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women?
Responda
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Medicine and education
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law and medicine
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education and business
-
law and business
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