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1Short-term adaptation to environmental stress is
- Aacclimation
- Bacclimatization
- Cthermoregulation
- Dadaptations
285 °F is equal to °C
- A47.2
- B29.4
- C27.5
- D65
3Transfer of heat from a solid object to a solid object is
- Aconvection
- Bevaporation
- Cconduction
- Dradiation
4Transfer of heat from air or water currents is
- Aconvection
- Bevaporation
- Cconduction
- Dradiation
5What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat?
- Aevaporation
- Bconduction
- Cradiation
6What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat
- Aevaporation
- Bconduction
- Cradiation
7The primary avenue of heat loss during exercise is
- Aconvection
- Bevaporation
- Cconduction
- Dradiation
8Which of the following are considered avenues of dry heat exchange?
- Aconvection
- Bconduction
- Cradiation
- DAll of these are correct
9Wind increases heat loss from the skin primarily by
- Aconvection
- Bradiation
- Csweating
- DAll of these are correct.
10Which of the following is incorrect?
- AInsulation limits dry heat exchange.
- BClothing adds resistance to evaporative cooling
- CCooling of the skin does occur as sweat evaporates from wet clothing surfaces, and this cooling power is greater than evaporation directly from the skin to the air.
- DSweat must evaporate in order for cooling to occur
11Internal body temperature at rest is regulated at approximately
- A37 ºC
- B40 ºC
- C98.6 ºC
- D32 ºC
12Thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature and relay this information to your body’s thermostat located
- Ain the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus
- Bin blood
- Cin the posterior hypothalamus
13The receptors that monitor temperature of blood as it circulates through the body are
- Athermoreceptors
- Bcentral receptors
- Cperipheral receptors
14Skin vasoconstriction results primarily from
- ASNS release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
- Bsympathetic cholinergic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
- Cthe hormonal secretion of epinephrine
- DNone of these is correct
15The primary neurotransmitter involved in activating the sweat glands is
- Anorepinephrine
- Bepinephrine
- Cacetylcholine
- DNone of these is correct.
16Metabolic heat production can be increased by the actions of the hormone(s), such as
- Athyroxine
- Bepinephrine
- Cnorepinephrine
- DAll of these are correct.
17The critical temperature theory states that
- Aworking muscle blood flow is well maintained even at very high core temperatures unless significant dehydration occurs
- B. regardless of the rate at which core temperature increases, the brain will send signals to stop exercise when some critical temperature is reached, usually between 40 and 41 °C
- Cheat production is beneficial when you exercise in a cold environment because it helps maintain normal body temperature
18Mineral and fluid loss in sweat during exercise in the heat stimulates increased release of ____________________________, thus reducing fluid and mineral loss in the urine.
- Aepinephrine and norepinephrine
- Baldosterone and ADH
- Cinsulin and cortisol
19Which hormone is responsible for maintaining appropriate sodium levels?
- AADH
- Bthyroxine
- Caldosterone
20Which hormone is responsible for maintaining fluid balance?
- AADH
- Bthyroxine
- Ccortisol
21Which of the following provides a single temperature reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment
- AWBGT index
- Bheat index
22The wet bulb temperature in the WBGT index
- Aindicates the effect of sweat evaporating from the skin
- Bis an indication of the conductive heat loss potential
23Which of the following is not a symptom of exercise and thermal dehydration?
- Adecreased heart rate
- Bdecreased work rate
- Cincreased body temperature
24Which of the following are adaptations that occur with heat acclimation?
- Adecreased core temperature
- Bincreased heart rate
- Cdecreased plasma volume
- Ddecreased stroke volume
25Which is the correct order by which our bodies avoid excessive heat loss?
- Ashivering, nonshivering thermogenesis, peripheral vasoconstriction
- B. nonshivering thermogenesis, shivering, peripheral vasoconstriction
- Cperipheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis, and shivering
- Dshivering, peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis
26Windchill
- Ais an index based on the cooling effect of wind, or the cooling power of the environment
- Brepresents the temperature of the wind
- Crepresents the temperature of the air
- DAll of these are correct.
27Which of the following is incorrect?
- AExposure to cold markedly increases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- BFFA levels increase substantially more during prolonged exercise in cold conditions.
- CCold exposure triggers vasoconstriction in the vessels.
- DHypothermia can occur when water temperature is well above freezing.
28Sitting in a hot sauna can adequately prepare the individual for physical exertion in the heat.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
29Central thermoreceptors are far more sensitive to temperature change than peripheral receptors
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
30Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- A. Strength gains over 4 weeks to 2 years of training vary by training status, and the greatest strength increases are observed in elite athletes
- BStrength gains between men and women are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.
- CStrength gains between children and adults are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.
- DStrength gains when reported as absolute weight are higher in men than in women.
31Which of the following is incorrect?
- ARate coding may be increased with resistance training.
- BRapid movement or ballistic-type training appears to be effective in stimulating increases in rate coding.
- CA reduction in coactivation of agonists and antagonists is one way in which neural factors may contribute to strength gains achieved with resistance training.
- DResistance training in the elderly (>70 years of age) results in increases in muscle strength but not muscle mass.
32The muscle fiber hypertrophy that occurs with chronic resistance training appears to result from
- Aa net increase in glycogen storage in the muscle fibers
- Ba net increase in muscle protein synthesis
- Can increase in the water content of the muscle fibers
- Dincreased testosterone secretion
33Evidence from recent research indicates that a carbohydrate and protein supplement, taken immediately after a resistance training bout, can
- Aprevent muscle cramps
- Bprevent delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
- Creduce the rate of protein degradation in muscle, resulting in a more positive nitrogen balance
- Dreduce the number of exercise sets needed to achieve a given level of strength improvement
34Which of the following is a true statement regarding hypertrophy of whole muscle in response to resistance training?
- AWhole-muscle hypertrophy in humans has been shown to result solely from muscle fiber hypertrophy.
- BSome research has suggested that muscle fiber hyperplasia may contribute to whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans.
- CIncreases in muscle size do not occur in nonhumans in response to resistance exercise.
35Most research evidence indicates that training-induced whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans
- Aresults mainly from increases in the number of muscle fibers
- Bresults mainly from increases in the size of individual muscle fibers
36Which of the following is incorrect concerning current theory on fiber splitting in humans?
- AIndividual muscle fibers have the capacity to divide and split into two daughter cells, each of which can then develop into a functional muscle fiber.
- BMuscle injury results from intense training, particularly concentric-action training.
- CSatellite cells are typically activated by muscle stretching and injury.
37When muscle atrophies, the cross-sectional area and several studies have shown this effect to be greater in type fibers.
- Aincreases; IIa
- Bdecreases; I
- Cdecreases; IIa
- Dincreases; I
38Which of the following is true concerning the effects of resistance training on muscular strength and size?
- AMen and women participating in comparable strength training programs achieve similar strength gains
- BChildren cannot achieve meaningful strength improvements through resistance training.
39Which of the following is incorrect concerning fiber type conversion?
- Aa. Cross-innervation studies demonstrated interconversion between type I and type II fibers.
- Bb. Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation transforms type II motor units into type I motor units.
- Cc. Transition of type IIx fibers to type IIa fibers occurs with resistance training.
- DA combination of high-intensity resistance training and short-interval speed work can lead to a conversion of type I to type IIa fibers.
- EThere are no incorrect responses.
40The major objective of exercise training is to
- Amaintain an ideal body weight
- Bcause physiological adaptations specific to the type of training
- Cincrease endurance capacity
41Which of the following is incorrect?
- AAerobic training improves central and peripheral blood flow.
- BV\od\O2max may be defined by the Fick equation.
- CV\od\O2max = Q\od\max divided by a-vO2 difference.
42Which of the following is the best objective laboratory measure of aerobic power, or cardiorespiratory endurance?
- Amaximal oxygen uptake
- Blactate threshold
- Cmaximal expiratory ventilation
43Submaximal endurance capacity
- Aa. is measured with a V\od\O2max test
- Bb. is more closely related to competitive endurance performance than is maximal endurance capacity
- Cc. is probably determined by both a person's V\od\O2 and his or her lactate threshold
- Da and b
- Eb and c
44The increase in heart muscle mass with resistance training is due to
- Arepeated exposure to the decreased afterload
- Brepeated exposure to the increased afterload
- Crepeated exposure to increased plasma volume
45Cardiovascular adaptations that occur with resistance training are primarily due to
a. pressure changes that occur with resistance training- Apressure changes that occur with resistance training
- Bthe pressor response
- Cvolume changes
- DNone of these is correct.
46Of the following factors, which is considered the most important contributor to the improvement in stroke volume with endurance training?
- Aincreased blood volume
- Bincreased cardiac contractility
- Cdecreased arterial blood pressure
47Increased contractile force of the heart causes
- Aan increase in end-systolic volume
- Ba decrease in end-systolic volume
- Cno change in end-systolic volume
48What is a possible reason for lower maximal heart rates observed in endurance-trained athletes?
- ASlower heart rates increase ventricular filling time.
- BSlower heart rate increases afterload.
49An increase in mechanical efficiency is a possible explanation for
- Aa lower oxygen consumption at a given submaximal exercise workload after training
- Ba higher oxygen consumption rate at a given submaximal exercise work load after training
50Hypoxia is best defined as
- Aoxygen deficiency
- Bdifficulty breathing
51Barometric pressure on Earth
- Aremains constant
- Bdoes not vary according to the time of year
- Cvaries slightly with changes in climatic conditions
52In response to exposure to high altitude,
- Apulmonary ventilation decreases
- Bchemoreceptors are stimulated by high PCO2 and therefore increase pulmonary ventilation
- Cpulmonary ventilation is increased primarily by increases in tidal volume
Informações
- Descrição
- test
- Autor
- Andy Martinez
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 46
- Etiquetas
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