Quiz
Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology- 5th Year PMU
Perguntas do quiz (37)
1Placebo is
- Aallergic drug reaction
- Bdrug form, without active substance
- Cmethod for treatment of acute pain
- Ddrug tolerance
2Tobacco smoking
- Aincreases drugs metabolism
- Bdecreases drug metabolism
- Cdecreases plasma concentrations of methylxanthines
- Ddoesn’ t change drugs metabolism
3Nocebo effect is
- AAllergic drug reaction
- BAnalgesic method
- CAdverse drug reaction, caused by placebo
- DCNS depression
4When patient and doctor are aware of the contents of the formulation, the trial is defined as
- Aopen trial
- Bblind trial
- Cplacebo trial
- Ddouble-blind trial
5Surrogates in rational pharmacotherapy are
- Aclinical- laboratory indexes
- Binstrumental investigations - ECG; EMG; MRT etc
- Cdisease improvement
- Ddecreased mortality rate
6Pharmacodynamic changes in elderly are
- Aincreased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
- Bdecreased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
- Cparadoxal reactions are observed
- Dadverse drug reactions are more frequent
7Steady-state plasma concentration is
- Ablood concentration of the drug 2 hours after administration
- Bblood concentration of the drug after repeated administration when there is a balance between absorption and excretion
- Cblood concentration of the drug after it has been ceased
- Dblood concentration of the drug during its absorption
8Drugs half-life is an index for
- Athe route of administration of the drug
- Bthe duration of the drug effect when there is a relationship between it and plasma concentrations
- Ctime to reach steady-state plasma concentration after repeated administration
- Ddetermination of dose interval
9Drugs contraindicated in the first half of pregnancy are
- AErythromycin
- BSex steroids
- CPenicillins
- DOral anticoagulants
10For pharmacokinetics in elderly is true
- Adecreased excretion
- Bdecreased metabolism
- Cdecreased volume of distribution
- Dincreased volume of distribution
11Reasons for inadequate pharmaceutical availability are
- Achronic renal failure
- Bimproper use of the drug formulation
- Cbad quality of the drug substance
- Dparticipating in treatment
12Categories of ADRs are
- Acertain
- Bprobable
- Cpossible
- Dunlikely
13Therapeutic drug monitoring is
- Amethod for neuroleptanalgesy
- Bused when there is relationship between plasma concentrations and drug effect
- Cused for drugs with narrow therapeutic window
- Dused for drugs with long half- live
14Irrational ready-made drug formulations contain
- Adrugs with different half-life
- Bdrugs for ethiotropic and symptomatic treatment
- Cdrugs with narrow therapeutic window
- Ddrugs affecting different pathogenic mechanisms
15First phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
- Afirst application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
- Bfirst application of a new substance to patients
- Cefficacy and safety in a large number of patients
- Dpost-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
16Binding of drugs with plasma proteins is important for
- Ahalf- life
- Bdrugs interactions
- Cbioavailabillity
- Dthe value of the pharmacological effect
17Adverse drug reactions lead to
- Aincreased pharmacological effect
- Bdecreased risk of toxicity
- Cdecreased efficacy of the treatment
- Ddevelopement of unpredictable drug effects
18Bad compliance of the patient may be due to
- Adose regimen with many drugs with frequent administration
- Ba large number of drugs
- Clack of information for the treatment
- Dthe drug must be taken once daily
19Fourth phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
- Afirst application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
- Bfirst application of a new substance to patients
- Cefficacy and safety in a large number of patients
- Dpost-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
20Drugs clearance is
- AAmount of drug, that reaches systemic circulation
- BBlood plasma volume from which the drug is eliminated for defined period of time
- CSteady- state plasma concentration
- DWithdrawal syndrome
21Monitoring of therapeutic plasma concentrations is necessary for
- Atheophyllin
- Bphenobarbital
- Ccarbamazepin
- Damoxicillin
22Third phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
- Afirst application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
- Bfirst application of a new substance to patients
- Cefficacy and safety in a large number of patients
- Dpost-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
23Clearance is an index for
- Adrugs excretion
- Bdetermination of mantaining dose of the drugs
- Cdrugs absorbtion
- Deffects of the drugs on the heart
24Pharmacogenetic differences lead to
- Adecreased effect
- Bincreased effect
- Cdevelopment of adverse drug reactions
- Davitaminosis
25Drug surveillance is done by
- Aspontaneous reporting
- Bobservation studies
- Cfamily doctors
- Dpopulation statistics
26Adverse drug reactions are the following types
- Aaugmented
- Bbizarre
- Cchronic
- Ddelayed
27Mechanisms of drug interactions are
- Aunpredictable
- Bpharmacokinetic
- Cpharmacodynamic
- Dpharmaceutical
28The quality of therapeutic decision (outcomes) can be measured by
- Aclinical outcomes
- Bcosts — direct and indirect
- Cfunctional status pf patient
- Doverall patient satisfaction
29Method of evaluation of cost/benefits ration are
- Acost minimization analysis
- Bcost effectiveness analysis
- Ccost utility analysis
- Dcost consequence analysis
30Drug metabolism involving some enzyme defects includes the following reactions
- Aacetylation
- Boxidation
- Chydrolysis
- Dred cells enzyme defects
31The reasons for drug abuse are
- Arelief of anxiety, tension and depression
- Bentertainment, fun
- Cimprovement of performance in competitive sports
- Dconformity with own social subgroup
32How many types of dependence do you know?
- Apsychological
- Bphysical (physiological)
- Cacute
- Dchronic
33Which pharmacological drug groups cause drug dependence and tolerance?
- AOpioid analgesics
- BAntidepressants
- CCNS stimulants
- DBenzodiazepines
34The neuropharmacological mechanisms of drug addiction are
- Aactivation of endogenous opiate encephalin receptors
- Bactivation of μ-opioid receptors in the brain
- Cactivation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) in the hypothalamus
- Dincrease of glutamate release in the brain cortex
35Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
- Ait develops after 6-weeks of treatment
- Bit develops after 2 weeks of treatment
- Cpsychological symptoms — anxiety, agitation, insomnia, seizures
- Dphysical symptoms — nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, ataxia
36Opioid (heroin, morphine) withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
- Abegins 8 hours after last dose
- Bthe peak is between 36-72 h
- Cfirst physical symptoms are lacrimation, rhinorrhea and sweating
- Dabdominal cramps, diarrhoea, bone and muscle pain, weakness and chills
37Why is methadone used for treatment of opioid-dependence?
- Ait is taken orally
- Bit is applied intravenously
- Chas prolonged action
- Dhas short-action
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- Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology- 5th Year PMU
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