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11SCI Volcano Internal

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Perguntas do quiz (4)

  1. 1Describe the Auckland Volcanic Field.

    The Auckland Volcanic field was formed due to [blank_start]basalt magma[blank_end] coming from [blank_start]hot spot volcanism[blank_end] finding their way to the surface through [blank_start]fissures[blank_end] in the Earth’s [blank_start]crust[blank_end], causing violent [blank_start]phreatomagmatic explosions[blank_end] and eruptions. [blank_start]Basalt magma[blank_end] from [blank_start]hot spot volcanism[blank_end] has caused [blank_start]53[blank_end] volcanoes of different types in Auckland.
    1. Abasalt magma
    2. Bhot spot volcanism
    3. Cfissures
    4. Dcrust
    5. Ephreatomagmatic explosions
    6. FBasalt magma
    7. Ghot spot volcanism
    8. H53
  2. 2Name and describe specific features of the Onepoto volcano.

    Onepoto is a [blank_start]tuff ring[blank_end] volcano [blank_start]61[blank_end] meters deep and [blank_start]600[blank_end] meters wide. [blank_start]Basalt magma[blank_end] from a hot spot 100 km down formed Onepoto’s [blank_start]surface features[blank_end]. Onepoto used to be a crater that is now [blank_start]a flat bottom[blank_end] due to sediment buildup. The sides of the tuff ring is relatively steep, with a [blank_start]breach[blank_end] on the [blank_start]southwestern[blank_end] side due to [blank_start]human physical weathering[blank_end] and erosion to use for manmade purposes such as the construction of the harbor bridge and the roads leading up to the volcano. The tuff ring has plenty of [blank_start]trees[blank_end] on top of it.
    1. Atuff ring
    2. Bscoria cone
    3. C61
    4. D600
    5. Ebasalt magma
    6. Fsurface features
    7. Ga flat bottom
    8. Hfilled up
    9. Ibreach
    10. Jgap
    11. Ksouthwestern
    12. Lnortheastern
    13. Mwestern
    14. Nsoutheastern
    15. Ohuman physical weathering
    16. Pbiological weathering from trees
    17. Qtrees
    18. Rbushes
  3. 3Name and describe specific features of the North Head volcano.

    North head is a [blank_start]50m[blank_end] high, steep sided [blank_start]scoria cone[blank_end] on the [blank_start]North Shore of Auckland[blank_end]. It is the eroded remains of a scoria cone, [blank_start]scoria[blank_end] forming only on the top. [blank_start]Trees[blank_end] is apparent on the perimeter of the scoria cone. [blank_start]Exposed tuff ring[blank_end] beds are apparent on [blank_start]sea cliffs[blank_end]. The outwards sloping [blank_start]tuff beds[blank_end] form the shore platform around southern, eastern, and northern sides of the headland. A small stream of lava [blank_start]westwards[blank_end] the scoria cone is hidden beneath the houses in [blank_start]Takarunga road[blank_end]. [blank_start]Tunnels[blank_end] could be found in the firm, underlying [blank_start]tuff[blank_end] of the volcano for [blank_start]defense-related[blank_end] reasons, for purposes of making [blank_start]trenches[blank_end] to use as bunkers and tunnels lined with concrete and a concrete roof that was buried. The hill was weakly terraced by the pre-European Maori.
    1. A50 meter
    2. Bscoria cone
    3. CNorth Shore of Auckland
    4. Dscoria
    5. ETrees
    6. FExposed tuff ring
    7. Gsea cliffs
    8. Htuff beds
    9. Iwestwards
    10. JTakarunga road
    11. KTunnels
    12. Ltuff
    13. Mdefense related
    14. Ntrenches
  4. 4Discuss, in detail, how internal processes have contributed to the formation of the features you described in your chosen volcanoes.

    [blank_start]Basalt magma[blank_end] from a [blank_start]hotspot[blank_end] 100 kilometres down makes its way up, surfacing from a crack or a [blank_start]fissure[blank_end] in the Earth’s crust.

    As [blank_start]magma[blank_end] encounters [blank_start]cold groundwater[blank_end], steam is generated and pressure builds up, leading to a [blank_start]phreatomagmatic[blank_end] explosion. In a phreatomagmatic explosion, [blank_start]volcanic ash[blank_end] is thrown up into the air while heavier [blank_start]sediment[blank_end] is pushed [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end]. This creates a ring of [blank_start]wet ash[blank_end] and sediment that gradually hardens into a [blank_start]tuff ring[blank_end].

    Time passes, and the volcano may stop erupting. Water would collect in the crater hole. At this point, tuff ring volcanoes like O[blank_start]nepoto[blank_end] and T[blank_start]ank Farm[blank_end] becomes extinct.

    However, some volcanoes like M[blank_start]ount Victoria[blank_end] and N[blank_start]orth Head[blank_end] continue to erupt. Additional lava rises in the vent and a [blank_start]lava lake[blank_end] is formed.

    If there is plenty of lava, fire / [blank_start]lava fountaining[blank_end] begins. [blank_start]Scoria cones[blank_end] start to build up around the vent.

    Lava / fire fountain continues, and scoria cones also continue to [blank_start]rise in height[blank_end]. Lava may burst out at a low level, like [blank_start]North Head[blank_end], flowing to fill the surrounding valleys and areas.

    The lava flow, like Mount Victoria, may have been so significant that it [blank_start]overcomes the stability[blank_end] of the scoria cone. The cone [blank_start]collapses[blank_end] into the lava flow and is carried away. This leaves a [blank_start]horseshoe-shaped breach[blank_end] in the crater.

    1. ABasalt magma
    2. Bhotspot
    3. Cfissure
    4. Dbasalt magma
    5. Ecold groundwater
    6. Fphreatomagmatic
    7. Gvolcanic ash
    8. Hsediment
    9. Ihorizontally
    10. Jwet ash
    11. Ktuff ring
    12. Lnepoto
    13. Mank Farm
    14. Nlava lake
    15. Oount Victoria
    16. Porth Head
    17. Qlava fountaining
    18. RScoria cones
    19. Srise in height
    20. TNorth Head
    21. Uovercomes the stability
    22. Vhorseshoe-shaped breach
    23. Wcollapses

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