quiz 2

1. 1The scientist made important contribution to the cell theory, encapsulated in his famous Latin epigram "Omnis cellula e cellula" (all cells arise from [pre-existing] cells")

   1. AMathias Schleiden
   2. BThodore Schwann
   3. CRobert Hooke
   4. DAntonie van Leewenhoek
   5. ERudolf Virchow
2. 2A model organism is a species useful for experimental studies because it

   1. Ais relatively easy to manipulate in the lab
   2. Bhas easily observable characteristics
   3. Cshares physiological similarities to humans
   4. Dis widely studied and well characterized
   5. Eall of the above
3. 3This model organism is widely used for cell differentiation and developmental studies.

   1. AD. melanogaster (fruit fly)
   2. BS. cerevisiae (baker's yeast)
   3. CE. coli (common bacterium)
   4. DC. elegans (roundworm)
   5. EM. musculus (house mouse)
4. 4You are interested in investigating the cellular processes underlying embryogenesis and development. What model organism you are likely to find in a laboratory of a professor who is doing research in this area?

   1. AHIV
   2. BA. thaliana (mustard plant)
   3. CD. melanogaster (fruit fly)
   4. DNone of the answers is correct
   5. EE. coli
5. 5An immortalized cell line known as HeLa, which have been used for decades in research laboratories worldwide and become a source of invaluable medical data, was derived from this individual's tumour without their consent.

   1. ANone of the answers is correct
   2. BHenrietta Lacks
   3. CHenry Larkov
   4. DHendrix Lacrimous
   5. EHernandez Lacros
6. 6In 1665, ________ used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of ________. While examining this material, he observed tiny compartments that he called cellulae.
   
   

   1. ATheodor Schwann; animal tissue
   2. BAntonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells
   3. CRobert Brown; plant material
   4. DRobert Hooke; cork
   5. ERudolf Virchow; collagen
7. 7Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?

   1. ANone of the answers is correct
   2. BAll organisms consist of one or more cells
   3. CAll cells arise from preexisting cells
   4. DThe cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
   5. EAll cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
8. 8Which of the following is true of a nanometer?

   1. AA nanometer is one millionth of a meter
   2. BNone of the answers is correct
   3. CThe nanometer is the most common measurement used in measuring whole cells
   4. DA nanometer is about the size of a common bacterial cell
   5. EA nanometer is equivalent to 10 Angstroms (Å)
9. 9Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?
   

   1. Athe length of a chicken egg
   2. Bthe size of a ribosome
   3. Cthe width of a strand of DNA
   4. Da typical bacterial cell
   5. Ethe length of a plant cell
10. 10Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by

    1. Adiffraction
    2. Brefractive index
    3. Cnumber of kernels
    4. Dnone of the answers is correct
    5. Eresolution

11. 11You are working on a project that involves the measurement of dynamic changes in the conformation of functioning biomolecules. The microscope that would give you the best information at the present time would be the (Hint: you will find the answer to this question in the Appendix section in your textbook)
    

    1. Aphase-contrast microscope
    2. Bnone of the answers is correct
    3. Cscanning probe microscope
    4. Dtransmission electron microscope
    5. Elight microscope
12. 12Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?

    1. ASpecimens are always viewed without being stained
    2. BLight passes through the object being examined
    3. CSpecimens usually must be fixed
    4. DWhite light is utilized
    5. EPhase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield microscopy
13. 13The limit of resolution refers to

    1. Athe distance that an object must be moved to be distinguished from its background
    2. Bthe solvent that must be available to remix a solution
    3. Chow far apart adjacent objects must be to appear as separate entities
    4. Dthe inverse of the wavelength of light
    5. Ethe magnification power of a microscope
14. 14Which of the following is true of fluorescence microscopy?

    1. AFluorescence microscopy is best at viewing rounded, thicker specimens
    2. BFluorescence microscopy is used to view dead specimens only
    3. CFluorescence microscopy presents images in three dimensions
    4. DFluorescent light is emitted throughout the specimen being viewed
    5. EFluorescence microscopy is able to overcome problems encountered with using confocal scanning microscopy
15. 15Which type of microscopy enhances and amplifies slight changes in the phase of transmitted light?

    1. Adifferential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy
    2. Bfluorescence microscopy
    3. Cdigital video microscopy
    4. Dphase-contrast microscopy
    5. Eboth DIC microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy
16. 16Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power?

    1. Afluorescent
    2. Belectron
    3. Cphase contrast
    4. Dconfocal scanning
    5. Edigital video
17. 17Which of the following can only be viewed by electron microscopy?

    1. Amitochondria
    2. Bbacteria
    3. Cfrog eggs
    4. Dnuclei
    5. Eviruses
18. 18Of the following specialized procedures, which may be used with the electron microscope? (Hint: you will find the answer to this question in the Appendix in your textbook)

    1. Ashadowing with gold
    2. Bscanning the specimen's surface with a beam of electrons
    3. Cfreeze fracturing
    4. Dnegative staining
    5. Eall of the answers are correct
19. 19A scientist is examining motile protozoa. He wishes to determine their direction of movement. Which of the following microscopic techniques is least likely to be used to view these cells?

    1. Alight microscopy
    2. Belectron microscopy
    3. Cfluorescence microscopy
    4. Dphase-contrast microscopy
    5. Edifferential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy
20. 20In studying osteoporosis in humans, you wish to test a newly designed treatment for efficacy. Your best choice for a model organism would be

    1. AArabidopsis thaliana
    2. BMus musculus
    3. CCaenorhabditis elegans
    4. DEscherichia coli
    5. EPisum sativum
21. 21The steps of the scientific method, in the correct order, are:

    1. Acollect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, make observations, and design experiments
    2. Bcollect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, design experiments, make observations, and draw conclusions
    3. Cdesign experiments, draw conclusions, collect data, interpret results, make observations, and test the hypothesis
    4. Dnone of the answers is correct
    5. Emake observations, formulate the hypothesis, design experiments, collect data, interpret results, and draw conclusions
22. 22When scientists use the scientific method, they use terms to indicate their degree of certainty. Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?

    1. Atheory
    2. Bboth hypothesis and theory
    3. Chypothesis
    4. Dlaw
    5. Eboth theory and law
23. 23Which of the following scientists revolutionized biology by demonstrating that living organisms were also governed by the laws of physics and chemistry by synthesizing urea in the laboratory from ammonium cyanate? (Hint: you will find the answer to this question in Chapter 1 of your textbook)

    1. ARohrer
    2. BSchwann
    3. Cvan Leewenhoek
    4. DMendel
    5. EWohler
24. 24The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell by

    1. Aboth identification of cellular biochemical pathways and demonstration of bioinformatics
    2. Bdemonstration of bioinformatics
    3. Cboth identification of cellular structures and identification of cellular biochemical pathways
    4. Didentification of cellular biochemical pathways
    5. Eidentification of cellular structures
25. 25The resolution for specimen illuminated with visible orange light (λ=590 nm) using a low aperture objective lens (α=40 decC) in air can be estimated to be

    1. Anone of the answers is correct
    2. B440 nm
    3. C520 nm
    4. D240 nm
    5. E560 nm
26. 26The greatest useful magnification of light microscope is approximately _________ times the numerical aperture of the lens being used.

    1. A14000
    2. B1000
    3. C300
    4. D2000
    5. E10,000
27. 27Overall magnification of a compound light microscope may be calculated by _________ the enlarging power of the objective lens, the ocular lens, and the intermediate lens (if present).

    1. Adividing
    2. Bsumming up
    3. Cdividing the limit of resolution by the numerical aperture and then multiplying
    4. Dmultiplying by 0.61
    5. Emultiplying
28. 28This type of microscopy uses a split light beam to detect phase differences and generates images that appear three dimensional. This sense of depth arises because largest phase changes usually occur at cell edges (the refractive index is more constant within the cell). The tell tale sign of images obtained with this type of microscopy is the so-called shadow-casting illusion that comes about because the differences in phases are positive on one side of the cell but negative on the opposite side. [Recall that light waves are said to be traveling in phase when the crests and troughs of waves match each other].

    1. Atransmission electron microscopy
    2. Bnone of the answers is correct
    3. Cphase contrast microscopy
    4. Dconfocal microscopy
    5. Edifferential in interference microscopy (DIC)
29. 29In reference to fluorescent molecules, when the emitted photon has less energy than the absorbed photon, this energy difference is known as the ________ ________.

    1. ACanada balsam
    2. BWollaston prism
    3. CNomarski effect
    4. Denergy absorption
    5. EStokes shift
30. 30Most molecules in tissues and cells are not fluorescent, but they may be visualized by using antibodies tagged with fluorescent dyes. In ______ immunofluorescence, for example, an antibody that binds to a specific antigen in a tissue or cell is first labelled with a fluorescent dye. This labeled antibody is then added to the sample, where it binds to its target molecule. In _______ immunofluorescence, a primary antibody is added to a tissue or cell. A secondary antibody that is labeled with a fluorescent dye is then added to the sample, where it binds to the primary antibody.
    
    

    1. Asecondary, primary
    2. Bindirect, direct
    3. Cconfocal, secondary
    4. Dprimary, direct
    5. Eprimary, secondary
31. 31A(n) ________ _____ is used in (epi-) fluorescent microscopy to reflect light below a certain wavelength and transmit light above a certain wavelength.

    1. Adichroic mirror
    2. Bphase plate
    3. CiPhone app
    4. DNormaski prism
    5. EAlexa flour 488
32. 32The images below were obtained using this type of microscopy (scale bars represent 100 μm)

    

    1. Atransmission electron
    2. BDIC
    3. Cphase contrast
    4. Dbright-field stained
    5. Ebright-field unstained
33. 33These images of Daptonema psammoides [A) entire male (scale bar 205 μm) B) male head (scale bar 48μm) and C) male tail (scale bar 110 μm)] were obtained using what kind of microscopy?

    

    1. ADIC
    2. Belectron
    3. Cbright-field unstained
    4. Dnone of the answers
    5. Ephase contrast
34. 34This image of human sperm cells was obtained using what kind of microscopy?

    

    1. Abright-field unstained
    2. BDIC
    3. Celectron
    4. Dbright-field stained
    5. Ephase contrast

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Quiz sobre quiz 2, criado por Eileen Dauz em 06-08-2017.

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Eileen Dauz

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