Keywords...

Database

• a database is a system managing a collection of data. data about a particular type of thing - for example, customers or products - is stored in a table. You can think of a table as a grid. Every row in the table holds information about a single item; this is also called a record . Every column holds information about a property of the items in the table, such as a customer’s name or an item’s price – these properties are called fields.

Table

• A two-dimensional representation of data in a database.

Record

• A group of selected data which are associated in some way.

Field

• A single piece of data within a record.

Primary key

• All tables have a primary key on which they are organised. The primary key is the unique identifier of each record in the table.

Foreign key

• A field which can be used to cross-reference and access associated information across many tables.

SQL

• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a high-level language which is used to undertake this management activity.

DDL

• data definition Language (ddL): This is the part which is used to define the database structure.

DML

• data Manipulation Language (dML): This is the part used to add, delete, change and query the data which is held in the database structure.

Slide 10

Physical Barriers...

• These include turning off computers and locking offices when the systems are unattended to prevent damage by people, the environment (e.g. fire, flooding, electrical interference) or theft.
• Real world protection such as locks on doors, CCTV cameras and turning cameras off.

Password Control...

• Using strong passwords that are at least eight characters long and include at least one upper-case letter, lower-case letter, number and symbol. Passwords are sequences of characters, known only to the computer user, which allow access to a computer, network or application. Passwords should always be strong so that it is hard for someone else to guess them
• or work them out.

Access Levels...

• Ensuring people only have greater access to the parts of the system they need and training them before giving them greater access. These can be set up to allow individuals to have access to only specific levels of an application and to prevent unauthorised users from accessing particular data.

Anti virus software

• Software that deletes or quarantines viruses. This is set up to intercept computer viruses before they can become resident on the computer. The software can isolate the virus, remove it andsometimes repair any damage. Equivalent security programs exist for other types of malware.

Firewall

• Software that moniters data coming in and out of a network and protects it from viruses, malware and hackers. it puts a 'wall' around a network. This is a piece of software that monitors all data arriving at your computer from the internet and all data leaving your computer. It stops anything that it thinks is harmful or unwanted (such as viruses, spam, Trojan horses and hackers).

Encryption

• Turning data into secret code before sending it over a network or the internet, so that if it is intercepted it will not be understood. This is used to codify data so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not have the key to the code. An algorithm, sometimes known as a cipher, is applied to the data at the transmission end and the reverse is applied at the reception end.

Backup

• Making a copy of data in a different place to the original data in case the original becomes corrupt or is accidently deleted. Making a backup of data is the only way of recovering from a total data disaster. Many individuals and organisations back up data to Flash solid state storage devices or magnetic tape at night. The tapes are stored safely in a separate place, so that they are not destroyed by any disaster which could destroy the master system (fire, earthquake, etc.). Many types of backup exist, including:Full system backup of all data held for a specific purpose.
• Incremental backups of files or data that has been changed since the last full backup. This is faster than running a full back up every time. Backups to removable media, such as a removable hard drive (if you have a large amount of data), USB sticks, CDs and DVDs. It is also possible to back up data across a network (or across the internet) to a server in a completely separate location (for example, backing up data to the cloud).