Structure and Bonding

Covalent Bonding

• Occurs between more than one non-metal
• Elements 'share' electrons
• Forms two different structures
• Simple molecular: Small covalently bonded molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces
• Giant covalent: One macromolecule of covalent bonds

Ionic Bonds

• Occur between a metal and a non-metal
• Metal loses electrons and non-metal gains them, giving them each opposite charges, which cause them to bond together through electrostatic force of attraction
• Forms a giant ionic lattice: each ion is surrounded by six oppositely charged ions

Metallic bonding

• Occurs between metals
• Metals form positive ions in regular layers surrounded by delocalised electrons
• The regular layers make metals malleable and ductile
• Forms a giant metallic structure