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Chemistry properties of particles

• Electrons are found in regions of space called orbitals around the nucleus.
• Orbitals are put into energy levels (shells). The lowest energy level contains electrons closest to the nucleus.
• The electrons increase in energy as they are found further from the nucleus.
• The outer electron shell is called the valence shell. It holds a maximum of 8 electrons.
• We use spd notation to record where the electrons are found in an atom or ion. Always fill orbitals starting with the lowest energy first
• Full subshells and half-filled subshells are more stable than a partially filled subshell.