Flashcards
Psychology 10 Post-Midterm
Flashcards do conjunto (43)
- 1Interleaved vs Blocked LearningBlocked = clumping problems together to solve; for immediate problems
Interleaved = solving each problem one by one; good for long-term - 2Meshing Hypothesis: Real or nah?States that each person has a different learning style that is better for them; but technically not true bc some learning helps in certain ways
- 3Prototype Theoryrepresents the average; can depend on exp
ex: shoe has different words in different parts of the US - 4Exemplar Theorycompare new instances w stored memories for other times
- 5Superordinate; Basic Level; Subordinate Categoriesgeneral (vehicles, animals...); cars, cats; toyota, calico cat
gets more specific as you go down - 6Linguistic determinismtheory that language affects the way you think, but technically it only affects the way you see the world
ex: bridge is male or female?? - 7Availability Heuristic vs Representativeness Heuristicsheuristic = mental shortcut
what is most remembered/recent is the one you recall
vs
judging you based on what you seem to be rather than data ~stereotypes - 8What is Framing Effects and what does it do?changing how an issue is presented can change people's decisions
- 9Loss aversionAvoid losses > achieve wins
- 10Sunk-Cost Fallacyprior investment taken into account when making decisions about future
ex: you bought ticket, but you got sick; but you still feel obligated to go even tho u sick bc u spent money - 11Prospect Theory aka why do we suffer from sunk-cost fallacylosses mean more than gains
- 12Means-End Heuristic Analogical Problem Solvingdivide big problem into smaller problems and work from current to goal
knowing how to solve a prob bc you solved smth similar before - 13What effects do other people have on our decisions?Normative influence - wanting to conform
Informational influence - when you agree w others when you think they right
Group polarization - say things to agree w others
Social facilitation - we work better w others - 14Fundamental Attribution Erroroverestimating disposition influences and underestimating situational influences on people's behavior
who they are vs what situation they in - 15Postdecisional Dissonancetfw you chose LA > SD so you think of bad things of SD and good things of LA
- 16Foot in the door Door in the face Low-ballingstart w small and go big;
start w big then request small;
already committed? how about more :) - 17Teratogensanything that can impair the embryo or fetus' development
esp since babies learn in the womb!!!! - 18Baby factsbabies tend to get bored easily (habituation)
like looking at things that look like faces
probably cannot remember anything before age 3
imprinting is real - 19Assimilationprocess of putting new info w existing schema
- 20Accommodationprocess of creating new schema to include new info that did not fit in the og schema
- 21Piaget Viewpointbelieved that children learned specific things at certain ages that denoted their mind age
- 22Object permanence; Law of conservation of quantity; egocentricismthings exist even when not seen;
things are the same even when container changes;
cannot see thru other pov only me!! - 23Theory of Mind~~egocentrism
when you can understand things from other ppl's perspectives - 24diathesissomething that already exists that may lead for a person to have a psych disorder when combined w stress
- 25Anxiety Disordersphobias (social and specific), panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder
- 26Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and its cycle?obsessions --> anxiety --> compulsions --> temporary relief -- > obsessions...
- 27Depressive Disordersmajor depressive disorder (depression);
persistent depressive order (depressions in years);
seasonal affective disorder - 28Childhood DisordersAutism Spectrum Disorder
ADHD
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Nacissistic Pers.. Disorder - 29BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS hint: CANOEconscientiousness (careless vs careful)
agreeableness (sus or helpful)
neuroticism (emotional stability)
openness (practical vs imaginative)
extraversion (reserved vs sociable) - 30Trait Theory Criticismsoveremphasizes stable personality characteristics and underemphasizes the situation
- 31Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisorderDSM
is the bible of disorders
you got this this and this? means you have this disorder - 32What is the role of culture on personality and disorders?some cultures have different amounts of disorders compared to others
- 33Research Domain Criteria Projectsolving the threshold problem--- when is it you have a disorder and when are you okay
- 34Psychoanalytic vs Humanistic Therapypsycho: goal to reduce inner conflict by giving insight into feelings and thoughts (childhood memories)
humanistic: active listening - 35Behavioral vs Cognitive Therapiesassumes disordered behavior is learned and seeks to change bad behaviors (exposure therapy)
teaches ppl new/constructive ways to think - 36Phonemes vs Morphemessmallest unit of sound (diff between categories of sound)
vs
smallest unit of meaning (dogs = 2 morphemes = dog + s) - 371st theory of language development: Behaviorist Perspectivewe learn language thru reinforcement; completely nurture not nature
- 382nd theory of lang. dev: Nativist Perspectivelang learning capacities built into the brain
- 393rd lang dev theory: internationalist perspectiveinnate capacity for language interacts w exp
- 40Cross Sectional Study vs Longitudinal Studycomparing you now to an 80 y/o
vs
comparing you now then comparing you again at age 80 - 41Socioeconomic Selectivity Theoryas people grow older, they perceive time to be limit and adjust their priorities to emph emotionally meaningful events over excitement
(can be applied to those that are leaving or separating) - 42Stages of Language Developmentbabbling --> one word stage --> telegraphic speech (verb + noun)
- 43EriksonIdentity (adolescents create a sense of identity thru turbulent changes) and we decide what matters as we go thru life
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- FlashCards sobre Psychology 10 Post-Midterm, criado por Quynh Tran em 08-06-2018.
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