Flashcards
READING COMPREHENSION PRINCIPLES
Flashcards do conjunto (66)
- 1When you notice the long or short reading comprehension question1. Read the question
2. count the paras, and prepare notes structure
3. mark choices ABCDE on your answer sheet to save time. - 2Your notes will most probably be structured as follows (mainly for tough passages)First para clearly understood
Main idea for each following para
Big surprises, results, payoffs for each para.
THE POINT
A,B,C,D,E listed to save time. - 3Add to the previous pointFurthermore; Moreover; In addition; As well as; Also; Likewise; Too
(MALTAFI) - 4Provide contrastOn one hand; On the other hand; While; Rather; Instead; In contrast; Alternatively
(AWIIROO) - 5Provide conceding contrast ( author unwillingly agrees)Granted; It is true that; Certainly; Admittedly; Despite; Although
(AGCIDA) - 6Provide emphatic contrast (author asserts own position)But; However; Even so; All the same; Still; That said; Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Yet; Otherwise; Despite
(DONNYBHEAST) - 7Dismiss the previous pointIn any event; In any case
Double eyes - 8Point out similarityLikewise; In the same way
Il - 9Structure the discussionFirst, second etc.; To begin with; Next; Finally; Again
- 10Give exampleFor example; In particular; For instance
FIF - 11GeneralizeIn general; To a great extent; Broadly speaking
BIT - 12Sum up, perhaps with exceptionIn conclusion; In brief; Overall; Except for; Besides
(BOEII) - 13Sum up, perhaps with exceptionIn conclusion; In brief; Overall; Except for; Besides
- 14Indicate logical resultTherefore; Thus; As a result of ; hence; so; Accordingly
(THATSA) * update - 15Indicate logical causeBecause; Since; As; Resulting from
BARS - 16Restate for clarityIn other words; That is; Namely; So to speak
TINS - 17Hedge or soften positionApparently; At least; Can; Could; May; Might; Should; Possibly; Likely
MACCLAMPS - 18Strengthen positionAfter all; Must; Have to; Always; Never; etc...
HAMAN - 19Introduce surpriseActually; In fact; Indeed
IIA - 20Reveal author's attitudeFortunately; Unfortunately; other adverbs; So-called
FUOS - 21Relationship Focus attentionSignal words (ARI)
As for; Regarding to; In reference to - 22shouldimplies moral judgement.
- 23In order to trick you on some specific questions, the GRE will offerincomplete answers that incorporate language from throughout the passage but do not directly bear on the question at hand.
- 24Beware of choices that are out of scopeIntroduction of an unwarranted assertion supported nowhere in the passage. "Might be real world plausible. However, if the answer is not supported in the passage, it is out of scope.
- 25Watch out for one word wrongJust one word (or maybe 2) is incorrect. Includes extreme words. More prevalent in General Questions.
- 26Always be careful to differentiate between opinions ...and facts on RC passages.
- 27Be aware of extreme language likealways, never, no way, everytime, everywhere
- 28When considering a tone questionlook for instances in which the AUTHOR'S OPINION is revealed.
Disinterested (Impartial, neutral), skeptical, optimistic, cynical. - 29A question that asks for an inference from the passage is a specific question; make suresthat you find evidence for any inference in the text. Make sure each inference can be defended by going back to the text, and does not go far beyond the language in the passage.
- 30When assessing a passage's organization..consider the main idea of each paragraph.
- 31Keep an eye out for numbers, calculations, dates and conclusions that may be made as a result of mutual exclusivity.Same
- 32Don't rely entirely on short-term memory to answer specific questions.Same.
- 33The Seven strategies for Reading ComprehensionFor General Questions:Use a SCORING SYSTEM when stuck between two answer choices.
For SPECIFIC QUESTIONS:
Match the keywords in specific questions to key words in the passage.
Defend your answer choice with one or two proof sentences.
FOR ALL QUESTIONS:
JUSTIFY every word in your answer choice.
AVOID answer choices that contain extreme words.
Choose an answer that infers as little as possible.
Do not forget to PREVIEW the first question before reading the passage. - 34For General Questions, instead of rereading,dive right into the answer choices and start eliminating. If you need to, review the Point so that you are certain in your knowledge of the author's main message. Armed with the point, you should be able to eliminate 2 or 3 choices quickly.
- 35For General Questions, rereading the entire passage ...may actually be distracting. An incorrect answer choice may pertain only to a detail in a body paragraph. As you reread, you might spot that attractive detail and choose the wrong answer.
- 36If you are stuck between two answer choices on a General Question..use a Scoring system to determine which answer choice relates to more paragraphs.
1st para: 2 pts
one more pt for each additional para.
Usually, more pts = corr ans
Tie: select the ans choice that pertains to the 1st para over any choices that do not. - 37For Specific questions, firstread the question and focus on the keywords you are most likely to find in the passage. Then, look back over the passage to find those keywords. Use your HL or SS as a search tool, if necessary. DO NOT LOOK AT THE ANSWER CHOICES. Four out of five of them are meant to mislead you.
- 38For Specific q's, once u find the keywds...you should reread the surrounding sentence or sentences to answer the question. You may have to do a little thought work or TAKE A FEW NOTES to figure out what the sentences mean. That is expected: after all, you did not master those details the first time through.
- 39JUSTIFY every word in the answer choice.If u cannot justify every word in the answer choice, eliminate it.
- 40Reading comprehension inferences rarely go far beyond what is stated in the passage.In general, you should infer so little THAT THE INFERENCE SEEMS OBVIOUS. IT IS OFTEN SURPRISING HOW SIMPLISTIC GRE INFERENCES ARE. If an answer choice answers the question AND can be confirmed by language in the passage, it will be the correct one. Conversely, you should eliminate answer choices that require any logical leap or stretch.
- 41When you read "The passage suggests...." or " the passage implies..." you should..rephrase that language: The passage STATES JUST A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY.....
You must be able to prove the answer, just as if the question asked you to look it up in the passage. - 42You must decide how frequently you stop to take notesafter each sentence, after a couple of sentences or after the entire para. Ans depends on how well you are grasping the content AND PURPOSE of the text, as well as the length of the para at issue. The more difficult the para, the more often u SHOULD stop to process what u have read.
- 43For body paras, it is often counterproductive to ....try and absorb all the details, since doing so takes you away from the main goal of your initial reading and sketching.
DO NOT DEPEND ON YOUR MEMORY WHEN ANSWERING DETAIL QUESTIONS.
Don't skip, read everything. - 44When reading body paras, be on the lookout for...big surprises or important results. Sometimes, the GRE buries such surprises or results within the body of a later para and you MUST BE READY TO ADD THEM TO YOUR SKELETAL SKETCH.
- 45The way to find the Point is to ask...What is the most important message that the author is trying to convey in this passage?
The purpose of the passage is generally to convey the Point. - 46Before reading the passage, ALWAYSpreview the first question.
- 47BIG PICTURE READING 1 EMOTIONAL ATTITUDEEngage with the passage; own it
Like, hate, good/bad characters - 48BIG PICTURE READING 2 SIMPLE STORY... in the FIRST read through.
Text it to me, table of contents for each para, content (cause, process, categories) and judgement (theories and hypotheses, evaluations and opinions, comparisons and contrasts, advantages and disadvantages)
Don't forget twists, qualifications and contrasts. - 49BIG PICTURE READING 3 Link what you already knowConcretizing: actively imagine what the words are referring to.
- 50BIG PICTURE READING 4 Unpack the beginningYou should make sure that you grasp 100% of the first para (versus say comprehending 70% of the entire text)
- 51To unpack the beginning1. Grab a concrete noun first.
2. Turn action back into verbs e.g. there is ....
3. Put only ONE simple thought in a sentence. One subject, one verb.
4. Link each subsequent sentence to the previous one using 'this' or 'these'. eg. This resulted in...
5. Simply quote off details. - 52BIG PICTURE READING 5 Link what you have just read.What does this sentence mean in relation to everything else that I have just read? Why is this sentence here? What functions does it serve in relation to the previous text itself?
DO NOT OVERANALYZE AS YOU READ. - 53BIG PICTURE READING 6 Pay attention to signalsParagraph breaks and signal words.
- 54BIG PICTURE READING 7 Pick up the paceDo not try to grasp the whole passage deeply the first time through.
For elements later on in a long passage, focus more on
1. understanding the beginnings of paras
2. Big surprises or changes in direction.
3. Big results, answers or payoffs. - 55Most valuable assets on GRE areworking memory and attention.
- 56Components of passagesThe Point, Background, Support and Implications.
- 57How do you become a more active reader?Simply look for the point as you read. You will find that your comprehension of the passage will improve as a result.
- 58THE POINTis the most imp message of the passage. Why is the passage interesting to the author? - relates to the purpose of the passage. RESOLUTION, ANSWER, NEW IDEA, REASON.
- 59The pointmay or may not make a lot of sense on its own
- it may even be spread across 2 sentences.
- may be simply to inform readers of fact/s, rather than convince the reader of a debatable position. - 60For an unfriendly passagemake use of writing.
You should not plan to use your notes afterwards. - 61Headline list for short para serves to1. understand content and purpose.
2. provide general structure without getting bogged down.
3.promotes a fast first reading that still gives you enough time to answer questions. - 62Create a headline list for short paras by1. Summarizing or indicating the main idea of each para.
2. read the rest of the para with an eye for big surprises and big results
3. follow the same process for any additional paras.
4. Once you have finished the passage, identify the passage's point. - 63Headline list for short paras may be used asa search tool to locate specific details. Numbering paras is important.
- 64For short para with 2 associated questions1.5 min read + headline list
General 30 sec, Specific 45 sec. - 65For the long paraSKELETAL SKETCH.
Take extra time to summarize the first para. Skull + limbs. IDENTIFY AND WRITE DOWN THE POINT BEFORE START LOOKING AT ANY OF THE ANSWER CHOICES. - 66Long para time frames3 min reading and skeletal sketch
General 30 sec, specific 60 sec
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- Graduate Test Prep FlashCards sobre READING COMPREHENSION PRINCIPLES, criado por A M em 04-09-2013.
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- A M
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