Flashcards
EPR Week 2
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1What does the "Wheel of Science" contain ?1. RQ
2. Theory
3. Hypothesis
4. Operationalisation
5. Data collection
6. Data Analysis - 2Why is a good research design so important ?1. Poor design = poor research
2. Vital in order to understand empirical research
3. Vital for term papers, theses & exams - 3What are the criteria of a good research question ?1. clear & succinct
2. important in the real world
3. should contribute to existing research
4. shouldn't bee too broad - 4What kind of questions should you ask in your RQ ?- open endend "how" & "why" questions about your general topic
=> consider the "why" of your topic ! - 5What 5 questions should you ask to evaluate your RQ ?Is your RQ:
1. clear
2. focused
3. complex
4. too broad
5. too complex - 6What is the second step of the Research Design ?The Literature review !
- 7Why do you conduct a literature review ?- to review previours work on your topic
=> sharpen your RQ
- find a new puzzle: something that has not been investigated yet
- develop explanations for observed phenomena
- identify data sources that others have used - 8What shoud be sure regarding the RQ ?That your RQ has not been answered !
- 9How many literature should you use ?- depends on the available ressources
- most relevant literature - 10What should you keep in mind when conducting a literature review ?- use electronic databases e.g JSTOR
- learn the keywords of your topic
- manage your citations (Citavi, Zotero) - 11What is the third step of your Research design ?Theory
- 12Why do we need theories ?1. expand knowledge
2. improve existing theories
3. simplify
4. generalise
5. predict
6. highlight exceptions - 13What is the criteria for a useful theory ?- testable
- logically consistent
- communicable (understandable)
- general
- persimonious (sparsam) - 14What are the two types of theory building?1. Induction
2. Deduction - 15What are the key points of building a theory through Induction ?- broad generalizations
- conclusions are drawn frin the data
=> first data then observation
- go from the specific to the general
=> then: infer an explanation/ theory - 16What is the "Bottom up" approach?- happens at Induction
Steps:
1. Observe
2. Detect patterns
3. Formulate hypotheses
4. Develop theory as conclusion - 17What kind of research is the "Bottom up" approach and how does it look like ?- more qualitative research
1. Start with data
2. infer conclusions from the data
3. Tend to do qualitative research - 18What are the key points for building a theory through Deduction ?- start with a general statement/ hypotheses
=> explain possibilities to reach a specific/ logical conclusion - 19How does the procedure for a Deduction look like ?- proceed from theory => observation
- 20What are the steps of the "Top Down" approach ?1. Develop theory
2. Reduce to testable hypotheses
3. Make observations
4. Evaluate hypotheses - 21From what to what moves deduction ?- moves from idea => observation
- more general => more specific - 22What kind of research is deduction and how does the approach look like ?- more quantiative
1. Start with a theory
2. Confirm a hypothesis
3. Tend to make quantiative research - 23What are the key points of interpretive theories as an alternative to deduction & induction ?- reject the scientific method
- Reject that there is a "real world"
- can interpret but NOT explain the real world
- Narratives instead of theories to explain - 24What is the fourth step of the research design ?Hypothesis !
- 25What is a "Hypothesis" ?- statement which we believe to be true
- testable statements linked to our RQ - 26What happens when a hypothesis has been verified as "true" ?It becomes a theory !
- 27What is a good hypothesis ?- educated guess/ prediction of what will happen
- proposes relationship between variables
- relates on a dependent & independent variable - 28By what is the effect of the dependent variable determined ?By what happens what happens when you infleunce the independent variable !
- 29As what sentence is a good hypothesis written & why ?As an "if"- statement, in order to establish cause & effect on the variables
- 30What is the question for the dependent variable ?How does it change when you influence the independent variable ?
- 31What happens to the independent variable, when you change/ influence it ?The dependent variable will respond !
- 32Give through an experiment an example for the dependent and independent variable !Can be anything !
- 33What are questions, you should answer after writing a hypothesis (to evaluate it) ?1. Does it rely on IV & DV
=> can you indentify them ?
2. Can you test the hypothesis ?
=> can you design an experiment to establish the validity of the hypothesis ?
3. Is there a simplier/ more precise way to express the hypothesis ?
Informações
- Descrição
- - Lernzettel EPR Week 2
- Criado por
- Alexandru Sandor
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