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Flashcards

Chapter 6 Learning

Andrea Smith Psyc 1001 Undergraduate Inglês 52 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (52)

  1. 1Innate Biological BehavioursGenetically determined behaviours
  2. 2Learned BehaviorsBehaviors that we are taught/learn throughout our life
  3. 3ConditioningLearning associations between environmental stimuli and behavioural responses
  4. 4Classical ConditioningLearning that occurs when a new stimulus comes to elicit a response that is not naturally associated with it
  5. 5Unconditioned ResponseDon't have to learn behaviours or respond to certain stimuli
    Innate biological behaviors
  6. 6Conditioned Stimuli & ResponsesResponse to stimuli that are learned
  7. 7Neutral StimulusStimuli that is not associated with the behaviour of interest
  8. 8PhobiasAutomatic response created by the nervous system after a single incidence
  9. 9TrialPairing of the UCS and the neutral stimulus
  10. 10AcquisitionInitial stage of learning when one starts showing interest in the behaviour
  11. 11Stimulus ContiguityStimuli that occur in the same time and place
  12. 12Simultaneous ConditioningNeutral stimulus & UCS begin and end together
  13. 13Short-Delayed ConditioningNeutral stimulus begins just before the UCS and they end together
  14. 14Trace ConditioningNeutral stimulus beings and ends before the UCS is present
  15. 15ExtinctionConditioned response disappears if unconditioned stimulus is not present over a period of time
  16. 16Spontaneous RecoveryExtinct response reappears after period of non pairing
  17. 17Renewal EffectA CS that used to cause a CR will result in spontaneous recovery
  18. 18GeneralizationConditioning generalizes to the addition of stimuli that are similar to the CS
  19. 19DiscriminationResponse to a specific stimuli
    Differentiating between similar stimuli
  20. 20Conditioned Emotional ResponseEmotional responses are classically conditioned to a previously neutral stimulus
  21. 21Operant ConditioningLearning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences
  22. 22[Thorndike's] Law of EffectA response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects or consequences than the association between the stimulus and response is strengthen
  23. 23Discriminative StimuliCues that influence operant behaviour by indicating the probable consequences of a response
  24. 24Primary ReinforcerInherently reinforcing because it satisfies biological needs
  25. 25Secondary ReinforcerSomething that you need to learn how to like
  26. 26Positive ReinforcementAdding a stimulus which strengthens a response and makes it more likely to occur
  27. 27ReinforcementCauses behaviour to increase
  28. 28PunishmentCauses target behaviour to decrease
  29. 29Escape BehaviourReactive
    Learns to preform a behaviour that decreases aversive stimuli
  30. 30Avoidance BehaviourProactive
    Learns to prevent or avoid some aversive stimuli
  31. 31Positive PunishmentAdding something that causes a decrease in target behaviour
  32. 32Negative PunishmentTaking something away that causes a decrease in target behaviour
  33. 33Continuous ReinforcementEvery instance of a target response is reinforced
  34. 34Intermittent ReinforcementWhen a target response is reinforced only some of the time
  35. 35RatioReinforcement is given based on the number of times the target behaviour has occured
  36. 36IntervalReinforcement can be given baed on an interval of time while they do the target behaviours
  37. 37Fixed PredictabilityPredictable reinforcement for the target behaviour
  38. 38Variable PredictabilityNon-predictable reinforcement for the target behaviour
  39. 39Ratio ScheduleNumber of designated responses that has to occur before a reinforcer is presented
  40. 40Fixed Ratio ScheduleGiving a reinforcer after a fixed number of non-reinforced responses
  41. 41Variable Ratio ScheduleGiving reinforcer after a variable number of non-reinforced responses
    Number of target behaviours required is varied
  42. 42Interval ScheduleRequire a time period to pass between the presentation of reinforcers
  43. 43Fixed Interval SchedulesSchedule reinforcing a response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed
  44. 44Variable Interval ScheduleProvides a reward after an elapsed time but the time interval for each is varied
  45. 45Instinctive DriftNatural behaviours override the effects of trained behaviours
  46. 46Ecologically Conditioned StimuliLearned behaviours of things that may cause us harm
  47. 47Observational LearningOrganisms response is influenced by the observation of others
  48. 48AttentionTo learn through observational learning you must pay attention to the models behaviour and consequences
  49. 49RetentionMust store a mental representation of what you have observed
  50. 50ReproductionEnacting a modelled response depends on your ability to reproduce the response by converting stored images to behaviour
  51. 51MotivationUnlikely to produce a response unless you are motivated to do so
    Motivation depends on whether you believe the action will pay off
  52. 52Mirror NeuronsNeurons that are activated by performance of an action or by seeing a model preform the same action

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Undergraduate Psyc 1001 FlashCards sobre Chapter 6 Learning , criado por Andrea Smith em 13-04-2015.
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Andrea Smith
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