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Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Intro to Computers and Programming)

Andrew Lewis Computer Science Inglês 58 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (58)

  1. 1A _____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.Program
  2. 2The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as _____.Hardware
  3. 3The part of a computer that runs programs is called the _____.Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  4. 4Today, CPUs are small chips known as _____.Microprocessors
  5. 5The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in _____.Main Memory
  6. 6This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.Random-Access Memory (RAM)
  7. 7A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time -- even when there is no power to the computer -- is called _____.Secondary Storage
  8. 8A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called an _____.Input Device
  9. 9A video display is what kind of device?Output Device
  10. 10A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.Byte
  11. 11A byte is made up of eight _____.Bits
  12. 12In a _____ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.Binary
  13. 13A bit that is turned off represents the following value:0
  14. 14A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _____.American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
  15. 15An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is _____.Unicode
  16. 16Negative numbers are encoded using the _____ technique.Two's Compliment
  17. 17Real numbers are encoded using the _____ technique.Floating-Point
  18. 18The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called _____.Pixels
  19. 19If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _____.A stream of binary numbers.
  20. 20In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.Decode
  21. 21Computers can only execute programs that are written in _____.Machine Language
  22. 22The _____ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.Assembler
  23. 23The words that make up a high-level programming language are called _____.Key Words (Reserved Words)
  24. 24The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called _____.Syntax
  25. 25A _____ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.Compiler
  26. 26Programs on a computer are also known as _____.Software
  27. 27A _____ is a person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs.Programmer (Software Developer)
  28. 28When a computer is performing the tasks that a program tells it to do, the computer is _____.Running (Executing)
  29. 29A nonvolatile type of memory the can be read, but not changed or altered in any way.Read-Only Memory (ROM)
  30. 30When memory doesn't lose its contents even when the computer's power is turned off, it is classified as _____.Nonvolatile
  31. 31When memory loses its contents as a program closes or the computer's power is turned off, it is classified as _____.Volatile
  32. 32The most common type of secondary storage devices. It stores data by magnetically encoding it onto a circular disk.Disk Drive
  33. 33A secondary storage device that stores data in solid-state memory. Has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.Solid State Drive
  34. 34Individual instructions that a programmer uses to write a program in a high-level programming language.Statements
  35. 35A program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. As it reads each individual instruction in the program, it converts it to a machine language instruction and then immediately executes it.Interpreter
  36. 36The statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language are known as _____.Source Code (Code)
  37. 37A mistake such as a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator.Syntax Error
  38. 38Specialized software used by most programmers to write a program. Is packaged with a compiler/interpreter, a text editor with specialized features for writing high-level programming language, and useful tools for testing program and locating errors.Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
  39. 39Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer are known as _____.System Software
  40. 40The most fundamental set of programs on a computer. Controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware, manages all of the devices connected to the computer, allows data to be saved and retrieved from storage devices, and allows other programs to run on the computer.Operating System
  41. 41A _____ performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data.Utility Program
  42. 42Programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software are known as _____.Software Development Tools
  43. 43Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks. People normally spend most of their time running on their computers.Application Software
  44. 44Small devices that plug into the computer and appear to the system as a disk drive. These drives don't actually contain a disk drive, but instead use flash memory.Universal Serial Bus Drives (USB Drives, Memory Sticks, Flash Drives)
  45. 45Allows data to be stored within a remote server via the Internet or via a company's private network. Can be accessed from any device that has a network connection.Cloud Storage
  46. 46Any data the computer collects from people and from other devices is known as _____.Input
  47. 47Any data the computer produces for people for other devices is known as _____.Output
  48. 48Term used to describe anything that uses binary numbers (machine language) to function.Digital
  49. 49Data that is stored in binary is known as _____.Digital Data
  50. 50Any device that works with binary data is known as a _____.Digital Device
  51. 51The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute is known as an _____.Instruction Set
  52. 52In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the next instruction from memory is read into the CPU.Fetch
  53. 53In the _____ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the operation is performed.Execute
  54. 54Created as an alternative to machine language for humans to understand more easily. Uses short words (mnemonics) for instructions instead of binary numbers.Assembly Language
  55. 55Assembly language is also known as _____.Low-Level Language
  56. 56Language that allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works, and without writing large numbers of low-level instructions.High-Level Language
  57. 57Special characters that perform various operations on data are known as _____.Operators
  58. 58List the five major components of a computer system.Central Processing Unit (CPU), Main Memory, Secondary Storage Devices, Input Devices, and Output Devices

Informações

Descrição
Help memorize the vocabulary content of chapter 1 of the textbook, "Programming Logic and Design, 5th Edition".
Criado por
Andrew Lewis
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