Question 1
Question
The extrapyramidal system is the system involved in execution of movement.
Question 2
Question
The planning area for movement is a region of the cortex anterior to the primary motor cortex.
Question 3
Question
In the somatosensory cortex homunculus, the neurons that initate movement in the [blank_start]leg and foot[blank_end] lie in the medial cortex and the neurons that initiate movement in the [blank_start]face and arm[blank_end] lie in the lateral cortex.
Answer
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leg and foot
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arms and hands
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face and arm
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foot and leg
Question 4
Question
Which area is not represented with an increase in size in the somatosensory homunculus?
Answer
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Tongue
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Fingers
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Trunk
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Nose
Question 5
Question
A single anterior horn cell (AHC) and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a "motor unit."
Question 6
Question
Label Corticospinal tract
Question 7
Question
Neurons in the primary motor cortex initiate movement of the contralateral side of the body.
Question 8
Question
A lesion of the lateral corticospinal tract at the upper cervical cord results in [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] weakness of the whole left side of the body. A lesion involving the corticospinal tract in the right hemisphere of the brain results in [blank_start]left-sided[blank_end] weakness.
Answer
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ipsilateral
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contralateral
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right-sided
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left-sided
Question 9
Question
Upper motor neuron lesions result in:
Question 10
Question
Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a lower motor neuron lesion?
Answer
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Fasciculations and fibrillations
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Can affect a single muscle
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Toe goes up on touching bottom of foot
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Decreased muscle tone
Question 11
Question
Extrapyramidal motor system is similar to the pyramidal system in that both send projections to anterior horn cells in the spinal cord.
Question 12
Question
Nuclei in the extrapyramidal motor system include:
Answer
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Medial pre-optic area
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Substantia nigra
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Subthalamic nucleus
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Basal ganglia
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Septal nuclei
Question 13
Question
What is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes a loss of neurons in the caudate and putamen involved in the indirect pathway?
Answer
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Huntington's chorea
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Hemiballismus
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Parkinson's disease
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Myasthenia gravis
Question 14
Question
Hemiballismus is caused by:
Answer
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A decreased excitatory drive of the cortex
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The subthalamic nucleus stops working resulting in less activation of the globus pallidus, less inhibition of the motor nuclei of the thalamus (VA/VL), and excessive excitatory input to the motor cortex
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Disinhibition via decrease in GABA and increase in glutamate in the motor cortex
Question 15
Question
Loss of dopamine from substantia nigra can result in which of the following clinical features?