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Week 1 patho tri 2

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Mitch Thornell
Quiz by Mitch Thornell, updated more than 1 year ago
Mitch Thornell
Created by Mitch Thornell almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:
Answer
  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.
  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.
  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.
  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.

Question 2

Question
A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:
Answer
  • Aspirin
  • Ibuprofen
  • Heparin
  • streptokinase

Question 3

Question
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?
Answer
  • Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.
  • Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.
  • Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.
  • Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.

Question 4

Question
The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:
Answer
  • total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.
  • irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.
  • temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery.
  • cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.

Question 5

Question
The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:
Answer
  • a disruption of the heart conduction system.
  • an imbalance in calcium ions.
  • an infection of the heart muscle.
  • atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus.

Question 6

Question
A general term for all types of arterial changes, but most often applied to loss of elasticity of arteries and arterioles, is:
Answer
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Vascular stenosis

Question 7

Question
Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:
Answer
  • Essential
  • Tertiary
  • Angina
  • Secondary

Question 8

Question
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:
Answer
  • excluding saturated fats from the diet.
  • leading a sedentary lifestyle.
  • being female and older than 40 years of age.
  • familial hypercholesterolemia.

Question 9

Question
A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He could be treated with a drug that acts by which of the following mechanisms?
Answer
  • calcium channel agonist
  • angiotensin ll agonist
  • diuretic
  • beta-adrenergic agonist

Question 10

Question
Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:
Answer
  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies, and mitral valve defects
  • Diet, exercise, and obesity
  • Vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing, and crossing legs
  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods, and liver failure

Question 11

Question
A stationary blood clot within an artery is a:
Answer
  • Stroke
  • Embolus
  • Thrombus
  • Myocardial infarction

Question 12

Question
Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?
Answer
  • A 51-year-old male who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis
  • An African American man who leads a sedentary lifestyle
  • A 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats
  • A 69-year-old woman who is an executive in a large corporation

Question 13

Question
Adverse effects such as an unproductive cough sometimes occur with which category of medicine frequently used for treatment of hypertension?
Answer
  • Diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors.
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • β-blockers

Question 14

Question
A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:
Answer
  • Venous stenosis
  • Phlebothrombosis
  • Fibrothrombosis
  • Thrombophlebitis

Question 15

Question
Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:
Answer
  • reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.
  • decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias
  • reducing the risk of blood clotting.
  • decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.

Question 16

Question
Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
  • engaging in an angry argument.
  • running up stairs on a hot day
  • taking a nap.
  • eating a large meal.

Question 17

Question
Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?
Answer
  • A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable.
  • An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.
  • A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable.
  • A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.

Question 18

Question
The most common cause of myocardial ischaemia is:
Answer
  • venous emboli
  • idiopathic vasospasm
  • atherosclerosis
  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

Question 19

Question
A 75-year-old male presents with severe chest pain. Lab tests in hospital reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase and troponins. These elevated levels indicate probable:
Answer
  • Unstable angina
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Hypertension
  • Stable angina

Question 20

Question
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:
Answer
  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.
  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.
  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.
  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.

Question 21

Question
The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:
Answer
  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation
  • venous emboli
  • Idiopathic vasospasm
  • atherosclerosis

Question 22

Question
A coronary artery disease that occurs when the blood flow to the myocardial cells is interrupted for a period of time, followed by necrosis, is referred to as:
Answer
  • Dysrhythmias
  • atherosclerosis
  • Myocardial infarction
  • angina pectoris

Question 23

Question
Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided when a person has pre-existing respiratory condition like asthma?
Answer
  • B-blockers
  • Diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Calcium channel antagonists

Question 24

Question
Which of the following types of drugs is not typically used to treat hypertension?
Answer
  • nitrates
  • thiazide diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Calcium channel blockers

Question 25

Question
Hypertension can be classified into the following three major categories:
Answer
  • Subacute, acute and chronic
  • essential, secondary and malignant
  • Active, passive, fatal
  • primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 26

Question
Which vessel/s is/are particularly prone to an aneurysm?
Answer
  • Aorta
  • Small peripheral arteries of the legs
  • inferior vena cava
  • superior vena cava

Question 27

Question
A 55-yr old male died of myocardial infarction. autopsy would most likely reveal:
Answer
  • Platelet aggregation with an atherosclerotic coronary artery.
  • Decreased ventricular diastolic filling time
  • Smooth muscle dysplasia in the coronary artery
  • Embolism of plaque from the aorta

Question 28

Question
What condition refers to thrombotic events associated with venous wall inflammation, and occurs in any part of the body
Answer
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Phlebothrombosis
  • Varicose veins

Question 29

Question
A 60 year old female had a myocardial infarction. she was brought to hospital 30 minutes later, she survived but now has impaired ventricular function because:
Answer
  • there was too much stress on the heart
  • There was a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance
  • the cells became hypertrophic
  • The resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death

Question 30

Question
The build-up of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries is:
Answer
  • Ischaemic heart disease
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Hypertension
  • Peripheral vascular disease

Question 31

Question
A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:
Answer
  • fibrothrombosis
  • thrombophlebitis
  • Phlebothrombosis
  • Venous stenosis

Question 32

Question
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:
Answer
  • Decrease serum lipid levels
  • Increase serum HDL levels
  • Promotes platelet adhesion
  • Reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance

Question 33

Question
Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:
Answer
  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies and mitral valve defects
  • Diet, exercise and obesity
  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods and liver failure
  • vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing and crossing legs

Question 34

Question
High levels of which of the following lipoproteins can be beneficial?
Answer
  • HDL
  • IDL
  • LDL
  • VLDL

Question 35

Question
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):
Answer
  • are associated with low intake of saturated fats.
  • promote atheroma development.
  • transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.
  • contain only small amounts of cholesterol.
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