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Questions in this quiz (75)
1The statement "My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?
- Aauthority
- Bcommon sense
- Cscience
- Dlogic
2Which of the following are nonempirical ways of knowing?
- Aauthority and logic
- Bintuition and science
- Cauthority and science
- Dlogic and intuition
3The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is
- Atheres no problem with common sense
- Bstandards of common sense vary according to culture
- Cit is a nonempirical method of knowing
- Dit is not based on formal logic
4when we state that science is empirical, we mean
- Athat someone we believe told us about it
- Bthat it can be observed directly
- Cthat it is subject to logic
- Dthat we feel its right in our "guts"
5if we explain the reason that a mother cat licks and cleans her kittens of the fluids that cover them when they are born by saying that the fluids taste good, which is probably the simplest explanation, we are addressing which aspect of science?
- Aparsimony
- Bself-correcting nature
- Cprogressive nature
- Dconcern with theory
6which of the following statements best explains the difference between science and conscience? Science relies more on
- Aempiricism
- Bobjectivity
- Cauthority
- Dlogic
7the ultimate goal of science is the development of ____________ to explain ___________
- Atechnology, science
- Bscience, technology
- Claws, theories
- Dtheories, laws
8"I wonder why study questions help students learn," Mr. Manear said. "Perhaps it is because they direct students' attention to relevant information, so that it is appropriately processed and stored in their memories." Mr. Manear had developed a
- Atheory
- Bhypothesis
- Cconstruct
- Dconcept
9when defining a term or concept operationally, it is important to
- Aconsult a dictionary for the exact definition
- Bstate the means of measuring the term or concept
- Cinclude the common use of the term or concept
- Dconsult the literature to determine how the term or concept has been defined in previous studies
10The problem with using an academic-targeted search engine like Google Scholar as the sole source of your information search is that
- Agoogle scholar is very expensive
- Bit is not clear which journals, books, or websites that Google Scholar uses to find its information
- Call of the information it provides is popular press
- Dpsychology journals and books are not included in google scholar
11One of the problems with fully trusting information found on the internet is that it is
- Anot empirical
- Bnot logical
- Canyone can put any information on the internet
- Dproprietary
12psychINFO allows one to search for documents using
- Akeywords
- Btitles
- Cjournal names
- Dall of the above
13why should you stop yourself from restricting your search to full-text articles that are available online?
- Athese articles are proprietary, and thus too expensive to use exclusively
- Bthey are not yet peer reviewed
- Ca thorough literature search will probably have articles and books on it that are not yet available online
- DYou shouldn't. full-text only is fine
14when doing a literature search, after you have located the key articles in a given field, you should then carefully read the _____________ and skim the rest
- Aabstracts and conclusions
- Bmethod sections
- Cresults sections
- Dnone of these, you should carefully read the entire article
15the research proposal
- Afollows the same outline as a published article
- Bstates the expected results and how they will be analyzed
- Cserves as a sort of contract between the student and the adviser
- Dall of these are true
16the introduction of a research proposal
- Acontains experimental methodology
- Bexplains your reason for wanting to do the study
- Ccontains what the data means
- Dincludes a request for money
17the methods section of a research proposal
- Aindicates the expected results
- Bgives details of expected analysis
- Cexplains the way in which you want to test your hypothesis
- Dis not really necessary, since the experiment has not yet taken place
18you should write your research report so that it can be understood by
- Athe general, educated public
- Bfellow undergraduate psychology students
- Ca friend
- Ddiscourse community
19in APA format, the margins are
- A0.5"
- B1"
- C1.25"
- D1.5"
20which of the following represents the best title for a paper?
- Aan experimental study of depression in adults
- Ba study on the relationship between asthma and maternal depression
- Cassociations between Facebook activity and alcohol consumption
- Da study on the effects of schoolwide interventions on bullying
21an abstract summarizes the
- Atheory behind the research
- Brelevant literature
- Cproblem, method, results, and conclusions
- Ddata collection and analysis procedures
22In APA format, the abstract of an article must be
- Aless than 50 words
- Bless than 80 words
- Cless than 100 words
- Dless than 250 words
23when you write a paper in APA style, you should report your methods in
- Athe past tense
- Bthe present tense
- Cthe past perfect tense
- Dany of the above
24which one of the following is the correct APA style of documenting the authors of a work cited in the text of a paper?
- AMcBurney and Middleton (1999) found that...
- BMcBurney & Middleton (1999) found that..
- CMcBurney et al. (1999) found that...
- D(McBurney and Middleton 1999) found that...
25Scientific literature that falls outside the peer review process
- Acannot be cited in APA format
- Bis generally harder to obtain
- Cis called gray literature
- Dis called peerless literature
26Which of the following is a display of numerical data in rows and columns of a matrix?
- Agraph
- Bfigure
- Chistogram
- Dtable
27The most common score in a frequency distribution is called
- Amean
- Bmode
- Cmedian
- Dstandard deviation
28A disadvantage of the variance is
- AThat it is related to a number of other statistical procedures
- BThat it is not scaled in the same units as the original scores
- CThat it is unaffected by the interquartile range
- DThat it is unrelated to ANOVA
29Which one of the following terms least belongs with the others?
- Adependent variable
- By-axis
- Cvertical
- Dx-axis
30Which one of the following would be best for conveying the shape of the frequency distribution of 250 test scores?
- Ahistogram
- Brank-order distribution
- Ccumulative frequency distribution
- Dungrouped frequency distribution
31Which one of the following distributions is probably negatively skewed?
- Afamily income in dollars per year
- Bscores on a very difficult test
- Cscores on a moderately difficult test
- Dscores on a very easy test
32Percentiles can be determined directly from a _______
- Ascattergram
- Bbar graph
- Cfrequency distribution
- Dcumulative frequency distribution
33Scattergrams represent data commonly analyzed by which statistic?
- At-test
- Bchi-square
- Ccorrelation coefficient
- Danalysis of variance
34When making a graph to show the relationship between quantitative variables, such as dependent variable as a function of an independent variable, you should use a
- Aline graph
- Bscattergram
- Cmedian split
- Dfrequency table
35a bar graph is used for _____ data
- Acategorical
- Bquantitative
- Ccontinuous
- Dnone of these. bar graphs are never used in psychology
36A frequency distribution differs from other graphs in that the y-axis represents _____, rather than the value of a ________
- Afrequency, dependent variable
- Bfrequency, independent variable
- Cdependent variable, frequency
- Dindependent variable, frequency
37Error bars can be misleading when
- Adata are normally distributed
- Bdata are skewed
- Cdifferent groups have different amounts of variability
- Dboth a and c are true
38Outliers are
- Aimpossible values
- Bextreme but not impossible values
- Cdata that don't fit your theory
- Dany of these
39which of the following is the best example of a sample?
- Aall college sophomores
- Ball people who live in the United States
- Ceveryone who attends state university
- D100 tosses of a pair of dice
40The sampling distribution has a smaller _________ than the population distribution
- Amean
- Bstandard deviation
- Cmedian
- Dmode
41the larger the sampling size for a sampling distribution
- Athe more skewed the data
- Bthe more the shape approaches the normal distribution
- Cthe less easy it is to calculate the standard error
- Dthe higher the variability
42the hypothesis that we are attempting to reject is the
- Anull hypothesis
- Balternative hypothesis
- Cresearch hypothesis
- Dtheory-level hypothesis
43If you have made a mistake in your interpretation of your experiment and reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true, you have
- Amade a type 1 error
- Bmade a type 2 error
- Cmade a type 3 error
- Dapplied alpha incorrectly
44in an experiment, alpha
- Ameans there is no danger of a type 2 error
- Bmeans that type 1 errors have been eliminated
- Cmeans that the alternative hypothesis is true
- Dis the probability of making a type 1 error
45cohens d is a measure of
- Aalpha
- Btype 1 error
- Ctype 2 error
- Deffect size
46A corporation is concerned about the color of a new plastic toy product, and is torn between making it in pink or in blue. So the consumer psychologists at the corporation recruit a wide variety of children, show them the toy in both colors, and ask them to choose the one that they like best. How should the consumer psychologist analyze their data?
- Aa chi-square
- Ba t-test
- Ca reliability index
- Dan ANOVA
47A contingency table is used in calculating
- Athe t-test
- Bchi-square
- Cthe mean
- DANOVA
48________ was developed to make it possible to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between a number of conditions
- AAlpha
- BANOVA
- CPower
- DCorrelation
49Dr. Kurtz conducts an experiment to see if the odor of peppermint causes people to walk around a track more quickly than if they smell lavender or no odor at all. The null hypothesis would be that
- AThe mean speed of the peppermint condition is the fastest of the three conditions
- BThe mean speed of the no odor condition is the fastest of the three conditions
- COne of the conditions is faster than the others
- DThere is no difference in the mean speeds of the three conditions
50all data sets contain a certain amount of
- Avariability
- Btype 1 error
- Ctype 2 error
- Dalpha
51consider the following title of a research study: " the effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction" In this study the dependent variable is
- Aphysical distances
- Bratings of attraction
- Cactual attraction
- Dnot stated in the title
52consider the following research title: "cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction." In this study the independent variable is
- Acooperation
- Btypes of instruction
- Cnursery school children
- Dnot stated in the title
53to make sure that unintended variables do not confound a study, many potential variables
- Aare kept constant, or the same, across conditions
- Bcan be made to co-vary with the independent variable
- Care ignored
- Dare transformed into another measurement scale
54which one of the following represents a continuous variable
- Anumber of books borrowed from the library
- Bnumber of students sharing a dorm room
- Cthe height of the average freshman college student
- Dthe siblings possessed by the average college student
55which one of the following is an example of a ratio level of measurement
- Athe number of times a laboratory monkey presses a bar in its experimental chamber during a one-hour period
- Bthe temperature in celsius of a hospital patient
- Ca racing-car drivers position at the end of a race
- Da patient rating of his own anxiety level on a scale where 10 represents "low anxiety" and 100 represents "extreme anxiety"
56a test is valid if it
- Ameasures what it is supposed to measure
- Bgives the same result on different occassions
- Ccorrelates positively with a reliable test
- Db and c
57face validity is
- Alacking in the rorschach test
- Bmore of a public relations question than a scientific one
- Cunrelated to a tests actual validity
- Dall of these are true
58systematic error can be a very serious problem for an experiment if it is
- Aassociated with the independent variable
- Bnot associated with the independent variable
- Cassociated with error variance
- Dis associated with a continuous variable
59when choosing the levels of the independent variable, it is important
- Ato choose equal intervals
- Bnot to have more than two or three
- Cto have no more than one for any experiment
- Dto space the stimuli close enough such that overlooking any interesting relationship between the stimuli is unlikely
60any factor that is associated with the independent variable and that is not purposely introduced by the researcher is considered a _____ error
- Asubject
- Brandom
- Ctesting
- Dconfounding
61if you wanted to make sure that fingernail biting was a good way to classify your participants regarding their anxiety level by also testing them with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, you would have used a(n)
- Avalidity verification
- Bgeneralization evaluation
- Cmanipulation check
- Dextraneous variable
62when statistical tests are used improperly, a lack of _______ validity is reflected
- Ainternal
- Bexternal
- Cstatistical conclusion
- Dconstruct
63suppose a researcher is performing an experiment on children. she test the children on one level of the independent variable at the beginning of the school year, but cannot return to test the second level until mid-aril, when the school year is almost completed. what threat to internal validity may be a problem?
- Ahistory
- Bselection bias
- Cmaturation
- Dexperimenter bias
64which one of the following is not a threat to the internal validity of an experiment?
- Amaturation
- Bregression effect
- Crandom error
- Dmortality
65loss of subjects during the course of a research project usually introduces bias because
- Athe resulting sample is too small
- Bsubjects are not lost on a random basis
- Cdescriptive statistics cannot be used not the resulting data
- Dinferential statistics cannot be used on the resulting data
66an experimental finding that is easily demonstrated in the laboratory but not in the real world suffered from a problem with ________ validity
- Ainternal
- Bexternal
- Cconstruct
- Dstatistical
67participants exhibiting evaluation apprehension will
- Aperceive one alternative as more socially acceptable than the other
- Bhave a tendency to agree to any statement on the inventory, regardless of its content
- Cadopt a "wait and see" attitude
- Dwork harder if they know that they're being watched
68a control group
- Adoes not take part in the experiment
- Bis treated the same as the experimental group but is not tested
- Cis treated the same as the experimental group except for the independent variable
- Dis treated the same as the experimental group except for the dependent variable
69skinner emphasized which aspect of control
- Areduction of variability
- Bproviding a standard of comparison
- Cusing groups of subjects
- Dusing statistical control
70laboratory research, as opposed to field research, is
- Athe only way to achieve satisfactory experimental control
- Brequired by government funding agencies
- Cbetter because participants expect formal settings
- Dgenerally preferred because it is easier to achieve control
71which one of the following is not a good general strategy for achieving control in research
- Ausing a laboratory setting
- Binstrumenting the response
- Cavoiding designed that require statistical analyses
- Dusing trained researchers
72if the independent variable is magnitude of reward, then subjects who experience a large reward (say, $200) first may respond less to a small reward (say, $20). this is a(n)
- Asituation in which to use a within-subjects experiment
- Bexample of a contrast effect
- Cexample of a concurrent effect
- Dsituation in which an experiment cannot be performed
73what is the main purpose of matching
- Ato reduce initial differences between the experimental and control groups on the dependent variable
- Bto reduce the amount of variability among subjects within each treatment group
- Cto control for order effects
- Dto control for sequence effects
74the difference between a nuisance variable and a confounded variable is
- Athere is no difference. they are the same thing.
- Ba nuisance variable varies with the independent variable
- Ca confounded variable varies with the dependent variable
- Da confounded variable varies with the independent variable
75an elegant experiment means an experiment that is
- Ahighly fashionable
- Beasily replicable
- Cclear and convincing
- Dlow in external validity
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- Quiz on Untitled, created by alex v on 23/07/2018.
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- alex v
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