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Psych final
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Questions in this quiz (62)
1A sound hypothesis must be
- AA) Agreed upon by experts in the field
- BB) Testable
- CC) Proven to be fact
- DD) Stated in very general terms
2Astrology is considered a pseudoscience because
- AA) Its claims cannot be tested using the scientific method
- BB) Its presented as science but it has not been tested using the scientific method
- CC) Astrology can be proven by using appropiate scientific method
- DD) It is only theory and not a scientific fact
3Dr Shapiro, a school psychologist, has noticed that one of her students has recently fallen behind academically. She decides there must be a reason for the students' sudden problems. Dr Shapiro's belief that the students' behaviour is the result of some unknown cause is an example of
- AA) Parsimony
- BB) Skepticism
- CC) Determinism
- DD) Empiricism
4Besides phrenology, what was another early approach used by physicians like Paul Broca, to understand the connection between the brain and behaviour?
- AA) Using electricity to stimulate different brain regions
- BB) Surgically removing brain regions
- CC) Studying the behaviour of patients who had experienced brain surgery
- DD) Studying the shape and size of the human skull
5Dr Hashmi is assessing patients' personalities using an "ink blot" test that she created, and is gaining confidence in the test's reliability. Which of the following is likely leading her to have increased confidence about the test's reliability?
- AA) Her patients are reporting high levels of enjoyment with daily testing
- BB) Patients are generating approximately the same results each time they are tested
- CC) The test seems to be measuring what is was supposed to measure
- DD) The test seems to be objective
6As the average temperature in Alberta decreases, the number of people observed drinking hot chocolate increases. This is an example of____________ correlation
- AA) Weak
- BB) Negative
- CC) Positive
- DD) Strong
7Professor McCormick decides to test her hypothesis that eating chocolate prior to exams increased students' test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups at the beginning of the semester. One group recieves a bar of chocolate before each test, while the other group recieves another type pf candy. She compares their scores at the end of the year and finds that students who ate chocolate score an average of ten points higher on their exams. What is the dependant variable?
- AA) Student's test scores
- BB) Chocolate Bars
- CC) Students themselves
- DD) Exams themselves
8An administrator believes that motivational posters placed on classroom walls in academic buildings will lead to better grades. To test his theory, he randomly assigns certain classrooms within the university's faculty of science to have posters while others do not. What is the independant variable of the study?
- AA) The 5 different faculties
- BB) The presence or absence of posters
- CC) The classrooms
- DD) Student grades
9______________ are a set of techniques used to organize, summarize and interpret data
- AA) Central tendencies
- BB) Inferential Statistics
- CC) Distributions
- DD) Descriptive Statistics
10Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
- AA) Mode
- BB) Variability
- CC) Range
- DD) Standard Deviation
11Stanley Milgram's classic study of obedience would likely not be approved by a research ethics board today because:
- AA) The study involved deception
- BB) The study subjected the participants to severe stress
- CC) The study granted participants the right to withdraw
- DD) The study used only male participants
12_____________________ are responsible for sending and recieiving messages throughout the body.
- AA) Glial cells
- BB) Neurons
- CC) Neurotransmitters
- DD) Dendrites
13Which part of a neuron transmits information to other neurons through the electrochemical signal?
- AA) Soma
- BB) Axon
- CC) Dendrites
- DD) Cell membrane
14During an action potential, the electrical charge outside the neuron is ___________________ compared to the electrical charge inside the neuron
- AA) Positive
- BB) Balanced
- CC) Negative
- DD) Neutral
15Sinan suffers from high anxiety. His doctor perscribes him xanax, a drug that increases the activity of GABA. Xanax is considered a (n):
- AA) GABA antagonist
- BB) GABA Agonist
- CExcitatory Neurotransmitter
- DInhibitory Neurotransmitter
16The brain and spinal cord make the
- AA) Central Nervous System
- BB) Autonomic Nervous System
- CC) Peripheral Nervous System
- DD) Somatic Nervous System
17Which brain area below is involved in the formation of episodic memories?
- AA) Hippocampus
- BB) Thamalus
- CC) Hypothamalus
- DD) Amygdala
18The very rear of ther cerebral cortex is called:
- AA) Frontal Lobe
- BB) Occipital Lobe
- CC) Temporal Lobe
- DD) Parietal Lobe
19Darla suffered from a stroke that left her with an impaired sense of touch. Which part of the brain is most likely the sight of damage?
- AA) Frontal Lobe
- BB) Temporal Lobe
- CC) Occipital Lobe
- DD) Parietal Lobe
20Neuroscientists often categorize parts of the brain into grey matter and white matter. What makes the white matter appear white?
- AA) They only contain dendrites
- BB) They are largely composed of myelinated axons
- CC) They contain a high level of connective tissue
- DD) They are largely composed of cell bodies
21Which of the following best describes the two hemispheres of the brain?
- AA) Generally, the right hemisphere us more specialized for visual skills and music processing, while the left is more specialized for language and math
- BB) People with analytical personalities exclusively rely on the right hemisphere of their brain
- CC) Creative artists are accurately described as being "right handed" because they primarily rely on their right hemisphere in their day to day lives
- DD) The two hemispheres are mirror images of each other, each performing the same functions as the other
22Dan decides to take up skateboarding. On his first day he hits his head. When he wakes up in the hospital he cannot shift his attention to objects in his left visual field. He is diagnosed with spatial neglect. The damage is in his:
- AA) Frontal Lobe
- BB) Parietal Lobe
- CC) Occipital Lobe
- DD) Temporal Lobe
23Which of the following brain imaging techniques allow neuroscientists to causally reveal the role of a brain area in a behaviour?
- AA) Functional MRI
- BB) Lesioning in animal models
- CC) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
- DD) Just B and C
24In psychosocial tests, the difference threshold refers to
- AA) The minimum amount of energy, or quantity of a stimulus, required for it to be detected 50% of the time it is presented
- BB) The smallest difference in stimulation that can be detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared
- CC) The difference in absolute thresholds between individuals with normal sensory abilities and those who have limitations in one or more services
- DD) The smallest amount of stimulation that can be detected after sensory adaptation
25________________ involves the detection of energy, whereas _______________ involves organizing and interpreting incoming neural signals
- AA) Perception: Sensation
- BB) Adaptation: Perception
- CC) Sensation: Perception
- DD) Sensation: Adaptation
26Makes a mistake and identifies a perfectly healthy sample as cancer. This type of mistake in Signal Detection Theory is called:
- AA) HIt
- BB) False Alarm
- CC) Miss
- DD) Correct Rejection
27In _________________ processing, we construct a whole stimulus from its basic parts
- AA) Parallel
- BB) Bottom up
- CC) Continuous
- DD) Top down
28Interestingly, bees can detect UV light rays, which have ____________ compared to visible light
- AA) Longer wavelengths
- BB) Lower amplitude
- CC) Shorter Wavelengths
- DD) Higher Amplitude
29When you enter a dim room, the _____________ widens to let in more light
- AA) Pupils
- BB) Lens
- CC) Iris
- DD) Fovea
30When light enters the eye and travels to the back of the retina, what is the order of cells through which it passes
- AA) Ganglion Cells, Bipolar Cells, Photoreceptors
- BB) Bipolar Cells, Ganglion Cells, Photoreceptors
- CC) Photoreceptors, Bipolar Cells, Ganglion Cells
- DD) Photoreceptors, Ganglion Cells, Bipolar Cells
31Although she is normally not aware of its existence, Ingrid dsicovers that she has a blind spot in her vision by closing one eye and focusing on a fixed point. What explains why Ingrid has this blind spot in her vision?
- AA) She is likely suffering from severe retinal degeneration
- BB) She is exercising sensory adaptation
- CC) No photoreceptors are located where the optic nerves leave the eye
- DD) She has likely suffered damage to her occiptial lobe
32The ventral stream of the visual pathway extends from the _______________________ while the dorsal stream extends from the _______________________
- AA) visual cortex to the temporal lobe: Visual cortex to the parietal lobe
- BB) Visual cortex to the parietal lobe: Visual cortex to the temporal lobe
- CC) Optic chiasm to the LGN: Visual cortex to the LGN
- DD) Visual cortex to the LGN: Optic chiasm to the LGN
33Which of the following is true regarding the normal perception of faces?
- AA) Faces are processed by their individual components, one at a time
- BB) The perception of faces is no different than the perception of any other object
- CC) Faces are processed as a whole rather than individual components
- DD) All of the above are true
34The auditory sensory receptors in the ear are located in the
- AA) Semicircular canal
- BB) Ossicles
- CC) Pinna
- DD) Cochlea
35The ________ is responsible for providing information about the orientation and motion of the head
- AA) Auditory Cortex
- BB) Inferior Colliculus
- CC) Vestibular System
- DD) Putamen
36The branch like structures that recieve messages from other neurons are called
- AA) Axons
- BB) Axon Terminals
- CC) Dendrites
- DD) Synapses
37Keegan notices that his favourite small bag of chips seems lighter than usual. He checks the label and finds that the bag contains 10g less than it used to. He buys a family sized bag of chips and doesnt notice that the family sized bag is also 10g lighter. Keegan's inability to detect the difference in the larger bag shows that
- AA) A just noticeable difference is not a reliable measurement of psychophysical judgement
- BB) Sensory adaptation can occur in the short time between holding one bag of chips and then the other
- CC) Difference thresholds are change for idiosyncratic reasons
- DD) The larger a weight is, the greater the change must be before one can detect a difference
38An increase in the frequency of sound waves will correspond most directly in an increase in
- AA) Amplitude
- BB) Pitch
- CC) Loudness
- DD) Decibels
39In classical conditioning, which of the following would be considered to be a stimulus?
- AA) Blinking
- BB) Pain
- CC) Salivation
- DD) Fear
40Which of the following illustrates an unconditioned stimulus?
- AA) Blinking when air is blown into your eye
- BB) Blinking when you hear your favourite song
- CC) Your favourite song
- DD) A puff of air to your eye
41In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is
- AA) The stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus
- BB) The stimulus that triggers a conditioned response
- CC) The stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with another stimulus
- DD) The stimulus that triggers a response without prior learning
42The initial phase of learning in which a response is first established is known as
- AA) Generalization
- BB) Acquisition
- CC) Spontaneous Recovery
- DD) Extinction
43Extinction occurs in classical conditioning when the ____________ no longer produces the ________
- AA) CS: US
- BB) CS: CR
- CC) US:CR
- DD) US:UR
44In classical conditioning, the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called
- AA) Generalization
- BB) Adaptation
- CC) Discrimination
- DD) Acquisition
45Which form of classical conditioning is most likely to occur with only a single CS-US pairing?
- AA) Stimulus discrimination
- BB) Conditioned emotional response
- CC) Conditioned taste aversion
- DD) Stimulus generalization
46In classical conditioning, the responses involved tend to be ________ but in operant conditioning they are __________
- AA) punished: Reinforced
- BB) Reinforced: Punished
- CC) Reflexive: Voluntary
- DD) Voluntary: Reflexive
47Negative reinforcement is a stimulus that is ________ and thus _______ is the probability of a response
- AA) Removed: Increases
- BB) Removed: Decreases
- CC) Presented: Increases
- DD) Presented: Decreases
48Classical conditioning critically
- AA) Continuity
- BB) Contingency
- CC) Prediction Errors
- DD) All of the above
49_______________ was the first scientist to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning
- AA) John Watson
- BB) Ivan Pavlov
- CC) B.F SKinner
- DD) Noam Chomsky
50Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the _____________ is the one of the organism learns to respond to
- AA) US
- BB) UR
- CC) CS
- DD) CR
51The Atkinson- Shiffrin model of memory consists of _________ which retain information, and ________ which shift information from one type of memory to another
- AA) Stores: Episodic Buffers
- BB) Control Processes: Central Executives
- CC) Stores: Control Processes
- DD) Control Processes: Stores
52Why is studying sensory memory so difficult?
- AA) Sensory stimuli are difficult to reproduce in a labratory
- BB) Sensory memory is processed on an implicit level and cannot be verbalized
- CC) The capacity of sensory memory is too vast to be measured
- DD) Sensory memory disappears faster than an individual can report
53Sarah is working on her calculus homework. To solve the equations, she needs to hold on to her information while she works through the problems. In this example, Sarah is using her
- AA) Sensory Memory
- BB) Nondeclarative Memory
- CC) Working Memory
- DD) Episodic Memory
54As Kaitlin is learning a new language, she repeats the sound of the word over and over in her mind. Which component of working memory is primarily engaged during this task?
- AA) Phronological Loop
- BB) Central Executive
- CC) Episodic Buffer
- DD) Visuospatial Sketchpad
55_________ memories can be told to someone, whereas ____________ memories must be shown to someone
- AA) Procedural: Declarative
- BB) Nondeclarative: Procedural
- CC) Declarative: Nondeclarative
- DD) Nondeclarative: Declarative
56Classical conditioning can occur without a person's knowledge, as such, it can be considered a type of ________ memory
- AA) Procedural
- BB) Semantic
- CC) Declarative
- DD) Nondeclarative
57The case of H.M helped researchers understand that one of the things the hippocampus is involved in is
- AA) Storing long term memories
- BB) Processing information using working memory
- CC) Transferring information from sensory to short term memory
- DD) Transferring information from short term to long term memory
58Damage to the hippocampus would most likely result in which disorder?
- AA) Anterograde Amnesia
- BB) Retroactive Interference
- CC) Retrograde Amnesia
- DD) Proactive Interference
59Which of the following situations is most likely to lead to the misinformation effect?
- AA) The detective asked Jade if the robber had a strange scar
- BB) Jared's mother asked him about his day at school
- CC) The mountie asked Johanna to describe what happened
- DD) Josh asked his girlfriend what she had for dinner last night
60A patient with Wernicke's aphasia will have trouble
- AA) Percieving speech
- BB) Producing speech
- CC) Repeating speech
- DD) All of the above
61Mental representations of objects, events and ideas are likely stored in
- AA) Semantic Networks
- BB) The Lexicon
- CC) The Hippocampus
- DD) Working Memory
62Linguists who study __________ are interested in the smallest meaningful units of language
- AA) Phronology
- BB) Morphology
- CC) Syntax
- DD) Grammar
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- Quiz on Psych final, created by Paige Lane on 26/11/2018.
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- Paige Lane
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