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Cardiovascular System

Description

Embryology Quiz on Cardiovascular System, created by Emilie Dandan on 29/11/2018.
Emilie Dandan
Quiz by Emilie Dandan, updated more than 1 year ago
Emilie Dandan
Created by Emilie Dandan over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
There are about _______ genes that are involved in the development of the mammalian heart.
Answer
  • 10
  • 50
  • 100
  • 500
  • 1000

Question 2

Question
All of the following are names of paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4-week embryo except:
Answer
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Umbilical veins
  • Vitelline veins
  • Cardinal veins

Question 3

Question
The incidence of congenital heart defects is:
Answer
  • 1/100 live births
  • 1/200 live births
  • 1/500 live births

Question 4

Question
The most common cause of an isolated congenital heart defect is:
Answer
  • Chromosome abnormality
  • Teratogen exposure
  • Sporadic/Multifactorial etiology
  • Maternal malnutrition

Question 5

Question
When a heart defect is seen on ultrasound there is an approximately _____% chance of a chromosome abnormality.
Answer
  • 1%
  • 10%
  • 20%
  • 50%

Question 6

Question
The _________________ is a structure that allows blood to be exchanged between the L and R atria during fetal life but after birth it functionally closes.
Answer
  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Septum secundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Ductus venosus

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Answer
  • Pulmonary Stenosis
  • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
  • Overriding Aorta
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Endocardial cushion defect

Question 8

Question
The most common type of congenital heart defect is:
Answer
  • Atrial Septal Defect
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 9

Question
Patent ductus arteriosus is an acyanotic heart defect. When isolated it can cause clinical problems, however, when it occurs alongside/as part of the following defect it is a lifesaving anomaly.
Answer
  • Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Tricuspid insufficiency

Question 10

Question
Which of the following cardiac anomalies can be congenital OR acquired?
Answer
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus
  • Ventricular Septal Defect
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Aortic valve stenosis

Question 11

Question
Which of the following cyanotic heart defects is the most common cause of cyanosis in neonates?
Answer
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Transposition of the Great Arteries
  • Tricuspid Insufficiency
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Question 12

Question
Select all of the paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4 week embryo:
Answer
  • Cardinal Veins
  • Vitelline Veins
  • Umbilical Veins
  • Ductal Veins

Question 13

Question
Intersegmental arteries carry blood to the:
Answer
  • Primordial gut and eventually foregut, midgut and hindgut
  • Connecting stalk and become continuous with vessels in chorion
  • Somites and their derivatives

Question 14

Question
All of the following statements are true regarding atrial septal defects (ASDs) except:
Answer
  • They are more common in females than males.
  • The most common type of ASD is patent foramen ovale.
  • Endocardial cushion defects are often isolated and rarely associated with genetic conditions.
  • The most common ASD is well tolerated through childhood and may not present with symptoms until the 30s (pulmonary hypertension).
  • Sinus venosus defect and common atrium are rare types of ASDs.

Question 15

Question
All of the following statements are true regarding ventricular septal defects (VSDs) except:
Answer
  • They are more common in males than females.
  • The most common type of VSD is membranous VSD.
  • They account for about 25% of all congenital heart defects.
  • A small percentage (<5%) will spontaneously close within the first year of life while the rest require surgical correction.
  • Large VSDs with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary HTN can result in cardiac failure in infancy.

Question 16

Question
Which of the following congenital heart defects usually results in infant death within the first few weeks of life:
Answer
  • Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Patent Foramen Ovale
  • Muscular VSD

Question 17

Question
Which of the following structures is NOT a fetal adaptation? (i.e. a structure that is necessary for fetal circulation/normal cardiac function but not for postnatal function)
Answer
  • Ductus venosus
  • Septum secundum
  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Foramen ovale

Question 18

Question
The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Neural crest cells along with primordial heart cells work together to develop the fetal heart.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of 3 main segments and all of them are vitelline in nature (i.e. arising from the same embryonic tissue).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
There are many physiological differences between fetal and neonatal circulation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however it is not always present at birth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
If you identify a cystic hygroma/large NT measurement on ultrasound, most of the time it will be due to an underlying chromosome abnormality.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
The three vessels of the umbilical cord originate from the same embryonic structure.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
By the end of the 4th week circulation is no longer ebb-and-flow like and is instead moving in unidirectional flow.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Aortic valve stenosis is always a congenital anomaly and can be detected shortly after birth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however, it is not always present at birth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Several of the fetal blood vessels that are no longer required after birth remain as functional ligaments supporting their surrounding structures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
A baby’s heart beats at a rate about twice as fast of an average adult.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
The tubular heart undergoes a [blank_start]right[blank_end]-handed looping at approximately 23-28 days forming a D-loop that results in heart with apex pointing to the left.
Answer
  • right

Question 31

Question
The [blank_start]foramen ovale[blank_end] is one of the fetal adaptations; a structure resulting in the incomplete partition between the atria.
Answer
  • foramen ovale

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Tetralogy of Fallot[blank_end] is an congenital heart defect associated with pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.
Answer
  • Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 33

Question
The names of the AV valves (the valves separating the atria from their respective ventricles) are the [blank_start]mitral[blank_end] and the [blank_start]tricuspid[blank_end] valve.
Answer
  • mitral
  • tricuspid

Question 34

Question
Transposition of the great vessels is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. What is an associated CHD that improves the outcome of infants with transposition of great vessels: [blank_start]patent foramen ovale[blank_end]
Answer
  • patent foramen ovale

Question 35

Question
The most common type of atrial septal defect is [blank_start]patent foramen ovale.[blank_end]
Answer
  • patent foramen ovale

Question 36

Question
The 1st morphologic sign of gastrulation is the [blank_start]primitive streak[blank_end], which makes it possible to identify the craniocaudal axis, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and right and left sides.
Answer
  • primitive streak

Question 37

Question
The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the [blank_start]ductus venosus[blank_end] of fetal circulation (i.e. one of the fetal adaptations). Usually it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the liver and may be continuous with the round ligament of the liver.
Answer
  • ductus venosus

Question 38

Question
[blank_start]Cystic hygroma[blank_end] is a lymphatic defect that is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcomes.
Answer
  • Cystic hygroma
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