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Biol1 final study
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1Which mechanism for evolution was proposed by Lamarck?
- Aevolution by natural selection
- Bevolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics
- Cevolution by punctuated equilibrium
- Devolution by accumulation of mutations
2A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other characteristics is called _____.
- ADescent with modification
- Bnatural selection
- Cevolution
- Devolutionary adaptation
3While on his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Darwin was strongly influenced by this book
- AThe Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
- BPrinciples of Geology by Charles Lyell
- CEncyclopedia Britannica
- DThe Beagle
4The first basic idea of evolutionary adaptation can be traced back to _____
- ADarwin
- BLamarck
- CAristotle
- Dancient Greeks about 2500 years ago
5The study of comparative anatomy __________
- Alooks at early stages of development in different animal species
- Bprovides information about the evolutionary history of species
- Csupports the idea of fixed species
- Dis based on the genetic language of DNA and RNA
6Which of the following is a component of the fossil record
- Abones of extinct whales
- Bthe distribution of murid rodents in Australia and Asia
- Cmolecular sequences
- Dthe similarity of the forelimbs of cats and bats
7The fossil record suggests that whales
- Aare not closely related to dolphins and porpoises, despite a superficial similarity.
- Bare closely related to land mammals such as pigs, hippos, and cows.
- Conce had well-developed hind flippers
- Dare descended from one branch of marine reptiles
8Which of the following are homologus?
- AThe mouth of a mosquito and the beak of a hummingbird
- BThe forelimb o a dog and the forelimb of a cat
- Cthe forelimb of a dog and the hindlimb of a cat
- Dwings of a butterfly and wings of a sparrow
9The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ______
- Aanalogy
- Bgenetic drift
- Cconvergent evolution
- Dcommon ancestry
10Which of the following is a population?
- Athe termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living in their guts
- Ball organisms living in your house
- Cthe termites infesting your house
- Dall of the termites that have ever lived
11Natural selection results in ______
- Aa population that is better adapted to a future environment
- Bincreased genetic variation
- Ca population that is adapted to its current environment
- Dan increase in the size of a population
12Which of the following defines Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
- Aa nonevolving population in genetic equilibrium
- B2pq
- Cgeneration-to-generation change in a population's frequencies of alleles
- Dthe smallest scale of evolution
13The relationship of the genome to an organism is the same as that of the _____ to a population
- Agene
- Bspecies
- Cmutation
- Dgene pool
14Which of the following is likely to be the result of polygenic inheritance
- AABO Blood type
- BFreckles
- CAn extra finger
- Dhuman height
15The smallest biological unit that can evolve is the ______.
- Aindividual
- Bpopulation
- Cspecies
- Dphylum
16In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p^2 represent?
- Afrequency o the recessive allel
- Bfrequency of the dominant allele
- Cfrequency of heterozygotes
- Dfrequency of the homozygous dominants
17The presence of freckles is due to a dominant allele. Four percent of the individuals in a particular population lack freckles. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the percentage of individuals in this population who are homozygous dominant for freckles.
- A80%
- B32%
- C64%
- D4%
- A80%
18The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ______
- Arandom fertilization
- Bsexual recombination
- Cgene flow
- Dmutation
19Which of the following is a characteristic of a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- AGene flow in and out of the population occurs
- BGenetic drift is occurring
- CThe population is subject to natural selection
- DThe population is not evolving
20In a species of snail, dark-shelled individuals are better hidden from bird predators in the shady forest, while light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. If there were no areas of intermediate brightness in this habitat, which type of selection would act on shell color in these snails?
- ADisruptive selection
- BDirectional selection
- CStabilizing selection
21Small lizards have difficulty defending their territory, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which type of selection would act on body size in these lizards under these conditions?
- ADirectional selection
- BStabilizing selection
- CDisruptive selection
- ADirectional selection
22A significant consequence of gene flow is that it __________
- Amay increase the frequency of certain inherited disorders in humans
- Btends to reduce differences between populations
- Cchanges the gene pool of a population due to chance
- Dmay reduce the overall genetic variability in a population
23What is the term used to define a secondary sexual characteristic in males, such as manes on lions or colorful plumage on peacocks
- Agene flow
- Bsexual dimorphism
- Cfitness
- Dsexual selection
24Blue poppies native to China are grown at a plant-breeding center in California, where those with the thickest leaves survive and reproduce best in the drier climate. This evolutionary adaptation of the poppies to their new environment is due to
- Astabilizing selection
- Bneutral variation
- Cdirectional selection
- Dgenetic drift
25Which one of the following will prevent significant genetic drift
- AThere is genetic variation.
- BThere is mutation
- CGene flow is absent
- DThe population size is large
26Genetic drift is the result of ______
- Achance
- Ba large gene pool
- Cenvironmental variation
- Dnatural selection
27After surviving a bottleneck, a population recovers to the point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. Which of the following statements is most likely to apply to this population
- AThe postbottleneck population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population
- Bthe postbottleneck population exhibits more genetic variation than the prebottleneck population
- CThe postbottleneck population has less of a chance of going extinct than did the prebottleneck population
- DThe bottleneck subjected the population to stabilizing selection
28The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ______
- Acan only occur on an oceanic island colony
- Binvolves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population
- Crequires a small population
- Dis a type of natural selection
29Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole
- Adiversifying selection
- Bbottleneck effect
- Cdirectional selection
- Dfounder effect
30What does evolutionary fitness measure
- Apopulation size
- Brelative reproductive success
- Clongevity
- Dphysical health
- Apopulation size
31Which of the following is an example of directional selection
- AGarter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened
- BThe birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same
- CThere is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria
- DThere is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog
32Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation
- Adiversifying selection
- Bdirectional selection
- Cstabilizing selection
- Dmutation
33Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection
- AThe birth weight at which newborn humans are most likely to survive and the average weight of newborn humans are about the same
- BThere is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog
- CGarter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently when threatened
- DThere is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria
34The figure below shows what happens in insect populations when crops are sprayed with insecticides. This is an example of ______
- Anatural selection
- Bgene flow
- Cfounder effect
- Dgenetic drift
35Read the following scenario to answer the following question.
Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. Scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. However, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. These global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. In Switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction.
Some biologists urge the collection of the few remaining individuals of some of the most threatened amphibian species, to preserve them if they become extinct in the wild. If such captive breeding programs could produce thousands of individuals from just a few of the remaining survivors, the species will still be threatened because of ______- AThe founder effect
- Bmutations
- Ca bottleneck effect
- Dartificial selection
36DNA testing (profiling) has been used to determine guilt or innocence of suspected crime suspects. This works because __________
- Aethical issues are not involved in DNA technology
- Ba DNA database containing the DNA profile of every U.S. citizen is available
- Ca jury is less likely to impose a strict sentence when an individual is convicted using DNA profiling
- Devery person has a unique DNA sequence
37What is recombinant DNA technology
- Ausing DNA databases to identify criminal suspects
- Bcombining genes from different species
- Ccombining alternate alleles on the same chromosome
- Disolating genes from homologous pairs of chromosomes
38Among other uses, recombinant DNA technology has provided a mechanism for nonhuman cells to produce _____
- Aprobes
- BDNA fingerprints
- Chuman proteins
- Dsheep
39Human insulin is produced in large quantities by __________
- Arecombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats
- Ba variety of techniques developed immediately following the work of Watson and Crick
- Cexpression of the human insulin gene in pigs
- Dcows and pigs
40When plasmids, which are small, circular, bacterial, DNA molecules, are used to transfer foreign DNA to other cells, the plasmid is called a _____
- Anucleic acid probe
- Btransgenic organism
- Cvector
- Dgenetic marker
41The term "restriction fragments" refers to __________
- Athe type of plasmid used in this technique
- Bpieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths
- Cnucleic acid probes
- Dthe fact that only very few sources of DNA produce fragments when cut up by enzymes
42Which enzyme "pastes" DNA fragments together
- ADNA polymerase
- Bhelicase
- Crestriction enzyme
- DDNA ligase
43In recombinant DNA experiments, _____ is used to cut pieces of DNA and _____ joins the resulting fragments to form recombinant DNA
- Aa plasmid ... DNA ligase
- Ba reverse transcriptase ... a restriction enzyme
- Ca restriction enzyme ... DNA ligase
- DDNA ligase ... a restriction enzyme
44A genomic library is __________
- Aa listing of the known nucleotide sequences for a particular species
- Ba collection of cloned DNA pieces from a genome
- Ca place where one can obtain DNA samples from various species
- Dall the genes contained in one kind of organism
45A nucleic acid probe can be used to __________
- Afind a particular nucleotide sequence within a large segment of DNA
- Binsert genes into a host cell
- Cmake DNA for gene cloning
- Dsplice pieces of DNA
46Which of these is a genetically modified organism
- Aa cloned organism carrying two different alleles
- Bthe first organism in which a particular mutation has appeared
- Can organism that gestated in an artificial womb
- Dan organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
47Which of the following best defines the term transgenic organism
- Aan organism in which a genetic defect has been corrected using recombinant DNA therapy
- Ban organism that is the first of its kind to bear a particular allele
- Can organism containing a gene from another species
- Dan organism containing genes from three or more species
48The world's first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ______
- Ahumulin
- BHGH
- CRFLP
- DSCID
49A vaccine works by ______
- Ainhibiting bacterial reproduction
- Bkilling cells infected with a virus
- Cpreventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing proteins
- Dstimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
50Transgenic animals are currently used ______
- Ato produce potentially useful proteins
- Bas food
- Cas vectors for use in cloning human DNA
- Dall of the above
51Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell
- Ahumulin
- Bplasmids
- CPCR
- DGM
52The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of ______
- Agene amplification
- Bgene cloning
- Cgene pharming
- Dindustrial genetic engineering
53A collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome is called a ______
- Agenomic library
- Bclone collection
- Cgene repository
- Dphenotypic library
54A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ______
- ACGGAT-
- BTAAGC-
- CGCCTA-
- DATTGC-
- ACGGAT-
55How do forensics investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a particular crime scene?
- AForensics investigators compare genetic markers in DNA from suspects to genetic markers in state and national databases
- BForensics investigators use genetic markers that are common in the U.S. population
- CForensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples
- DForensic investigators match the blood types of samples taken at a crime scene to the blood types of their crime suspects
56Can DNA fingerprinting be used to study evolutionary connections?
- ANo, genetic markers vary from person to person. Thus, DNA fingerprinting is not useful in tracing evolutionary connections
- BYes, patterns in the occurrence of specific genetic markers can reveal evolutionary relationships between populations.
- CYes, in principle this might work, but DNA fingerprinting technology has not yet developed to the point that this technique could be applied in a research study of evolutionary connections
- DNo, DNA fingerprints remain identical from generation to generation. Thus, they are not useful in tracing evolutionary connections
57Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______
- AG:T ratio
- BpH
- Clength
- DA:C ratio
58Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human's genes
- ASubject the specimen to amniocentesis
- BUse a nucleic acid probe
- CUse the polymerase chain reaction
- DSubject the DNA to electrophoresis
59The main goal of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was to __________
- Amap and sequence the genomes of important research organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster
- Bfind cures for human genetic disorders
- Ccompare the genomes of a large number of individuals from different parts of the world
- Ddetermine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome and map all the human genes
60Which of the following was the first eukaryote to have its full DNA sequence determined
- AHaemophilus influenzae
- BE. coli
- CCaenorhabditis elegans
- DSaccharomyces cerevisiae
61The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ______
- Agenomics
- Bproteomics
- Crecombinant DNA
- Dgenetic engineering
62The Human Genome Project has the potential to ______
- Alead to treatments for contagious diseases
- Bincrease our understanding of the historical relationships among species
- Clead to treatments for inherited diseases
- Dplay a role in all of the choices listed here
63Which of these statements can be logically inferred from the amount of DNA shared by chimpanzees and humans
- AHumans are a more complex life form than chimpanzees.
- BHumans are unique and different from all other life forms
- CHumans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor
- DHumans evolved from chimpanzees
64The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is _____
- Aproteomics
- Bgene therapy
- Cgenomics
- Dgene cloning
65Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______
- Athe safety of GM foods
- Bthe potential discrimination against people predisposed to certain diseases
- Cthe potential for interfering in evolution
- Dall of the above
66Genetically modifying human ______ cells may directly affect future generations
- Aimmune
- Bintestinal
- Cgametic
- Dsomatic
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- Quiz on Biol1 final study, created by nicco_64 on 11/12/2014.
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