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Transcription and Translation

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Biology (Mastering Biology Homeworks) Quiz on Transcription and Translation, created by nicole_mcphaul10 on 15/12/2014.
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Quiz by nicole_mcphaul10, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by nicole_mcphaul10 over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?
Answer
  • Translocation
  • Translation
  • Replication
  • Transcription

Question 2

Question
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
Answer
  • Proteins
  • Organelles
  • Messenger RNA
  • DNA

Question 3

Question
Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?
Answer
  • A site where many different proteins will bind
  • A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase
  • Part of the RNA molecule itself
  • A site found on the RNA polymerase

Question 4

Question
Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?
Answer
  • The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.
  • The promoter is part of the RNA molecule itself.
  • The promoter is a site at which only RNA polymerase will bind.
  • The promoter is a site found on RNA polymerase.

Question 5

Question
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?
Answer
  • The order of the chemical groups in the backbone of the RNA molecule
  • The previous base
  • Base pairing between the two DNA strands
  • Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides

Question 6

Question
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?
Answer
  • Covalently bonded
  • Permanently base-paired
  • Identical
  • Complementary

Question 7

Question
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
Answer
  • It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.
  • It begins transcribing the next gene on the chromosome.
  • It is degraded.
  • It joins with another RNA polymerase to carry out transcription.

Question 8

Question
Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?
Answer
  • GTTACG CAATCG
  • GTTACG CAAUGC
  • GTTACG GTTACG
  • GTTACG ACCGTA
  • GTTACG UAACAU

Question 9

Question
The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.
Answer
  • 1' —> 5'
  • 5' —> 3'
  • 1' —> 3'
  • 3' —> 5'
  • 2' —> 4'

Question 10

Question
During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.
Answer
  • which of the two strands of DNA carries the RNA primer
  • the location along the chromosome where the double-stranded DNA unwinds
  • the base sequence of the gene's promoter
  • the location of specific proteins (transcription factors) that bind to the DNA

Question 11

Question
After transcription begins, several steps must be completed before the fully processed mRNA is ready to be used as a template for protein synthesis on the ribosomes.
Answer
  • A cap consisting of a modified guanine nucleotide is added to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA.
  • A poly-A tail (50-250 adenine nucleotides) is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA.
  • Noncoding sequences called introns are spliced out by molecular complexes called spliceosomes.
  • A translation stop codon is added at the 3' end of the pre-mRNA.
  • Coding sequences called exons are spliced out by ribosomes.

Question 12

Question
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
Answer
  • 3' untranslated region
  • a long string of adenine nucleotides
  • 5' untranslated region
  • coding segment
  • modified guanine nucleotide

Question 13

Question
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.
Answer
  • 3' untranslated region
  • a long string of adenine nucleotides
  • 5' untranslated region
  • coding segment
  • modified guanine nucleotide

Question 14

Question
Spliceosomes are composed of _____.
Answer
  • snRNPs and other proteins
  • polymerases and ligases
  • introns and exons
  • the RNA transcript and protein
  • snRNPs and snurps

Question 15

Question
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____.
Answer
  • caps
  • exons
  • snRNPs
  • tails
  • introns

Question 16

Question
Translation occurs in the _____.
Answer
  • cytoplasm
  • lysosome
  • nucleus
  • Golgi apparatus
  • nucleoplasm

Question 17

Question
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
Answer
  • hexoses
  • glycerol
  • nucleotides
  • proteins
  • amino acids

Question 18

Question
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
Answer
  • a protein
  • DNA
  • a eukaryotic cell
  • mRNA
  • a polypeptide

Question 19

Question
The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
Answer
  • CAG
  • CTG
  • GAC
  • CUG
  • TCG

Question 20

Question
Generally speaking, which of the following mutations would most severely affect the protein coded for by a gene?
Answer
  • a base substitution at the beginning of the gene
  • a base substitution at the end of the gene
  • a frameshift deletion at the beginning of the gene
  • a frameshift deletion at the end of the gene
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