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studies - evolution
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Questions in this quiz (21)
1darwin on the origin of species
- A1859
- B1869
- C1857
2years of primate evolution
- A60 mil
- B6 mil
- C8 mil
3relationship between size of groups and neocortex size when controlling for overall brain size
- Abarton 1996
- Bbarton 1997
- Cdunbar 1996
- Ddunbar 1999
4not size of social group but complexity of interactions/social relationships
- Adunbar
- Bcaveat
- Cschoenemann
5based on exchange of christmas cards, human neocortex predicts 150 but average social group is 124.9
- Ahill and dunbar 2001
- Bdunbar 2000
6primates groom each other - this establishes hierarchy and bonding, neocortex size varies with size of grooming cliques
- Akudo and dunbar 2001
- Bdunbar 2001
- Cdunbar & shultz 2007
7primates use tactical deception to achieve goals and freq. of tactical deception related to neocortex size (specific example of cog. ability being related to social brain hypothesis)
- Abyrn & corp 2004
- Bdunbar & shultz 2007
- Chill & dunbar 2001
8review of animal-human comparison studies highlighting: human brain enlarged after diverging from African apes, association cortex enlarged disproportionately, primates & carnivores have better higher-order visual areas, evo of mammal brains = diversification of brain structure, frontal cortex changed a lot (language, ToM), PF cortex larger in apes than monkeys and larger in humans than apes
- Apreuss 2000
- Bpreuss 2001
- Cpreuss and todd 2001
9cranial capacity in humans ~1100 to 1700 but great apes max. 750 and other species approx. 100
so humans much larger- Afalk 2006
- Bfolk 2000
- Cfalk 2000
10brain volume increased dramatically in last 4 million years
- Afossil records show...
- Bmolecular biology shows...
11brain size is related to body size so should account for this - relative brain size
- Ajerison 1973
- Bjerison 1972
12sizes of 10 brain areas from 131 species plotted as a function o ftotal brain size - see cerebral cortex evolved more rapidly than other brain areas
- Afinlay & Darlingron 1995
- Bfinlay & darlington 1996
- Cpreuss 2000
13____'s cortical columns (~100 neurons each, 6 layers, perpendicular to cortex) are organised in same way across species but some report them to have different architecture across species
- Amountcastle
- Bcastle
- Ctodd
14dicusses mosaic v concerted evolution
- Astreidter 2005
- Bpreuss 2000
15primates tend to have same number of cortical areas (compared macaque to human - mostly same plan, no fundamental diff's across primate species)
- Apetrides & pandya
- Bpetrides & panda
16new cortical areas have evolved e.g. area 10 (rostral PF cortex) in PF cortex hugely expanded - important for: planning of future actions, taking initiative, and the processing of working memory and attention
- Aallmann, kaas. and preuss reviews
- Bstreidter 2005
17frontal lobe is same relative size in most species - approx 1/3 of cortex
- Asemendeferi 1997
- Bsemendeferi 1996
- Cbrodmann 1912
18the PF cortex takes up a larger proportion of the frontal cortex in humans compared to other species - approx. 30% in humans and 15% in others
- Asemenderferi 1997
- Bblinkov & glezer 1968
1946 MRI scans of 11 species of primates - humans and other primates similar for grey matter but humans have more white matter (therefore concerted evo. because connections in PF cortex and associated areas also evolving)
- Aschoenemann et al. 2005
- Bschoenemann et al. 2006
20DTI shows evolution of arcuate fasiculus in humans compared to chimps (white matter pathways connecting areas of brain for speech, Broca, Wernicke etc.) - there is a prominent temporal lobe projection seen in humans not seen/much smaller in non-human primates
- Arilling et al. 2008
- Brilling et al. 2018
21brain areas used for learning cognitive skills (Crus I and II) are evolved differently in humans compared to non-human primates
- ABalsters et al. 2010
- BBalsters et al. 2011
- CRamani et al. 2010
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- Quiz on studies - evolution, created by Alice Storr on 09/05/2019.
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- Alice Storr
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- English
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