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z p 2
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Questions in this quiz (49)
1The _______ is the first place on a neuron that fires an action potential.
- Adendrite
- Baxon hillock
- Csoma
- Daxon terminal
- Esynpase
2The resting membrane potential of cells:
- Ais maintained by the sodium potassium pump.
- Ball of the above
- Cnever changes.
- Dis closer to the equilibrium potential of sodium than potassium.
- Eis positive.
3If a cell became permeable to sodium:
- Athe cell would depolarize.
- Bsodium would leave the cell down its chemical gradient.
- Csodium would leave the cell down its electrical gradient.
- Dthe cell's membrane potential would become closer to sodiums equilibrium potential of -94mV.
- Ethe cell would hyperpolarize.
4
Graded potentials:- Aall of the above
- Bcause action potentials
- Ccan be inhibitory
- Dcan be excitatory
- Ecan sum temporally or spatially.
5The opening of which of the following channels would cause an inhibitory graded potential?
- Aligand gated sodium channel
- Bligand gated calcium channel
- Cvoltage gated sodium channel
- Dall of the above would cause an inhibitory graded potential
- Eligand gated potassium channel
6The rising or depolarization phase of an action potential is due to:
- Aa) opening of voltage gated sodium channels
- Bb) closing of voltage gated sodium channels
- Cc) opening of voltage gated potassium channels.
- Dboth a and b
- Eboth c and b
7The falling or repolarization phase of an action potential is due to:
- Aboth a and b
- Bboth b and c
- Cc) closing of voltage gated sodium channels.
- Db) opening of voltage gated potassium channels.
- Ea) opening of voltage gated sodium channels.
8The absolute refractory period of an action potential:
- Aall of the above.
- Bis the period in which the sodium channels are either open or inactivated.
- Cis the period in which a second action cannot be fired.
- Dspans all of the depolarization phase and most of the repolarization phase.
- Ecauses the unidirectional flow of action potentials.
9During the relative refractory period it is harder to fire another action potential because _________.
- Athe sodium potassium pumps have been inactivated.
- Bvoltage gated chloride channels are open and the membrane is hyperpolarized.
- Cvoltage gated potassium channels are open and the membrane is hyperpolarized.
- Dvoltage gated sodium channels are open and the membrane is depolarized.
- Evoltage gated calcium channels are open and the membrane is depolarized.
10Unmyelinated axons:
- Ahave higher magnitude action potentials than myelinated axons.
- Bfire action potentials only at nodes of Ranvier.
- Chave action potentials spread down the axon by contiguous conduction.
- Dhave bidirectional spread of action potentials.
- Ehave action potentials spread down the axon at a faster speed than myelinated axons.
11Electrical synapses:
- Aare all of the above.
- Bare bidirectional.
- Ctransfer messages faster than chemical synapses.
- Dare much less common than chemical synapses.
- Eare formed when two neurons are connected by gap junctions.
12
Order the following events that occur at the synapse from first to last. 1 - calcium triggers exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron 2 - neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell 3 - an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell 4 - neurotransmitter is removed from the synapse to terminate the response 5 - voltage gated calcium channels open on the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell 6 - the postsynaptic cell responds- A1,5,3,4,6,2
- B3,5,1,2,6,4
- C5,3,1,6,4,2
- D3,1,5,2,6,4
- E3,5,2,6,4,1
13
At an excitatory synapse, neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron may cause the __________.- Adepolarization of the postsynaptic cell
- Bopening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell
- Copening of chloride channels on the postsynaptic cell
- Dhyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell
- Ehyperpolarization of the presynaptic cell
14What type of glial cell myelinate efferent and afferent neurons?
- Aoligodendrocytes
- BSchwann cells
- Castrocytes
- Dependymal cells
- Emicroglia
15Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges, from bone to neural tissue?
- AArachnoid mater : dura mater : pia mater
- BArachnoid mater : pia mater : dura mater
- CDura mater : arachnoid mater : pia mater
- DPia mater : dura mater : arachnoid mater
- EPia mater : arachnoid mater : dura mater
16In order for ions like sodium, potassium and calcium to move across the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier, they must ________.
- Abe transported across endothelial cells
- Bmove through the endothelial cells by transcytosis
- Cmove through the endothelial cells by simple diffusion
- Dmove through pores between endothelial cells
17The brain uses 20% of the oxygen we take in during rest because:
- Aall of the above
- Bit can only aerobically metabolize glucose
- Cit cannot do anaerobic glycolysis
- Dit is continuously active
18The ________ is the region of the brain that controls heart and blood vessel function, respiration, and many digestive functions.
- Athalmus
- Bbrainstem
- Ccortex
- Dcerebellum
- Elimbic system
19The ________ is the region of the brain involved in the control of subconscious coordination of learned motor tasks like walking.
- Athalamus
- Blimbic system
- Ccerebellum
- Dbrainstem
- Ecortex
20The ________ is a region of the diencephalon that filters and refines sensory information, allowing us to direct our attention to specific external stimuli.
- Abasal nuclei
- Bhypothalamus
- Climbic system
- Dputamen
- Ethalamus
21The ________ is a region of the diencephalon that provides an important link between the endocrine and nervous system.
- Abasal nuclei
- Bthalamus
- Climbic system
- Dputamen
- Ehypothalamus
22The ______ is a region of the cerebrum that selects and maintains purposeful motor activity while suppressing useless or unwanted patterns of movement. This area of the brain is damaged in Parkinson's disease.
- Alimbic system
- Bsomatosensory cortex
- Cprimary motor cortex
- Dthalamus
- Ebasal nuclei
23Which of the following characteristics is NOT a specialization of the right side of the cerebrum in most individuals?
- Aspatial perception
- Bmusical
- Cartistic qualities
- Dlogic
- Ecreativity
24The ________ contains the visual cortex because visual information is processed there.
- Afrontal lobe
- Bmedial lobe
- Ctemporal lobe
- Dparietal lobe
- Eoccipital lobe
25
The _______ localizes the source of sensory input from the skin and perceives the level of intensity of the stimulus.- Aprimary auditory cortex
- Bprimary visual cortex
- Colfactory cortex
- Dprimary motor cortex
- Eprimary somatosensory cortex
26
A reading disability like dislexia is due to a problem in _________ that governs language comprehension.- AAuditory association areas
- BBroca's area
- CLimbic system
- DPrefrontal association areas
- EWernicke's area
27Sensory neurons often act as the ___________ in basic reflexes.
- Astimulus.
- Bafferent pathway.
- Cintegrating center.
- Defferent pathway.
- Eeffector organ.
28The knee jerk reflex is an example of a(n) ______ reflex.
- Awithdrawal and crossed extensor
- Blearned
- Cacquired
- Dstretch
- Ewithdrawal
29
Which of the following physiological responses would be associated with elevated sympathetic nervous system activity?- Adecreased heart rate
- Benhanced digestion
- Cenhanced absorption of nutrients
- Dincreased contractile force of the heart
- Einhibition of cardiovascular function
30Which of the following endocrine glands is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream when stimulated?
- Aadrenal medulla
- Banterior pituitary
- Cpancreas
- Dparathyroid gland
- Ethyroid gland
31
The sympathetic nervous system has ________ preganglionic neurons and _______ postganglionic neurons.- Along: long
- Blong : short
- Cshort : short
- Dshort : long
32
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________; sympathetic postganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________.- Aacetylcholine : acetylcholine
- Bacetylcholine : norepinephrine
- Cepinephrine : norepinephrine
- Dnorepinephrine : acetylcholine
- Enorepinephrine : norepinephrine
33With respect to their innervation, individual skeletal muscle fibers (cells) are innervated by:
- Aa single motor neuron.
- Ba single motor neuron and autonomic neuron.
- Ca single motor neuron and multiple autonomic neurons.
- Dmultiple motor neurons.
- Emultiple motor neurons and autonomic neurons.
34
The steps of synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction are listed below, out of order. Choose the correct order. 1 - Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 2 - Acetylcholine is released by exocytosis from the motor neuron. 3 - An action potential is produced on the muscle fibers sarcolemma. 4 - Voltage-gated calcium channels on the motor neurons plasma membrane open. 5 - An action potential arrives at the motor neurons axon terminal.- A43251
- B54213
- C31245
- D34125
- E52143
35Which of the following types of receptors would the body use to detect overall solute levels in blood?
- Achemoreceptors
- Bmechanoreceptors
- Cnociceptros
- Dosmoreceptors
- Ethermoreceptors
36Which of the following statements concerning receptors is correct?
- AReceptor adaptation results from nerve fatigue.
- BReceptors are part of efferent neurons.
- CThe larger the receptor potential, the greater the amplitude of action potentials initiated in the afferent neuron.
- DTonic receptors often exhibit an off-response.
- ETonic receptors are important in situations where maintained information about a stimulus is valuable.
37
Which of the following statements about sensory coding is TRUE?- ACoding for a stimulus type is maintained from receptor to cortex.
- BThe intensity of stimulus is coded for by the frequency of the action potential.
- CThe location of the stimulus is coded for by the receptive field activated.
- DThe type of stimulus is coded for by the specific pathway activated.
- EAll of the above are true.
38
Sensory receptors that respond to tissue-damaging stimuli or stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue are called ________.- Achemoreceptors
- Bmechanoreceptors
- Cnociceptors
- Dproprioceptors
- Ethermoreceptors
39
Which is characteristic of fast pain?- Anone of the above
- Bpoorly localized
- Cimpulses carried along myelinated fibers
- Doccurs upon stimulation of polymodal nociceptors
- Epersists for a long period of time
40Pain signals from visceral receptors are 'referred' to the body surface by ________.
- Athe convergence of visceral and somatic afferent neurons on the same first-order neurons
- Bthe convergence of visceral and somatic afferent neurons on the same third-order neurons
- Cthe convergence of visceral and somatic afferent neurons on the same second-order neurons
- Dthe divergence of visceral and somatic afferent neurons onto different second-order neurons
- Esignals from visceral receptors that travel to skin receptors to activate them
41
The radial muscles of the iris are innervated by the ________ nervous system and their contraction causes pupillary ________.- Aparasympathetic : constriction
- Bparasympathetic : dilation
- Csomatic : constriction
- Dsympathetic : constriction
- Esympathetic : dilation
42
When the ciliary muscles of the eye are contracted, the zonular fibers are _____ and the lens is relatively ________, allowing the eye to focus on objects that are ________.- Atight : round : close
- Btight : round : distant
- Cslack : flat : close
- Dslack: round : close
- Etight : flat : distant
43
Cones:- Aare more sensitive to light than rods.
- Bhave high acuity
- Cprovide vision in shades of gray
- Dare important in night vision
- Eall of these answers
44When we enter a dark room, the retinal and opsin molecules within the ________ must first ________ before low light levels can be detected.
- Acones : associate
- Bcones : dissociate
- Crods : associate
- Drods : bleach
- Erods : dissociate
45What type of sensory receptor detects sound waves in the cochlea?
- Athermoreceptor
- Bproprioceptor
- Cosmoreceptor
- Dnociceptor
- Emechanoreceptor
46Amplitude or loudness of sound is coded for by ________.
- Athe amplitude of the action potentials sent up the cochlear nerve.
- Bthe degree of deflection of the stereocilia on the hair cells stimulated.
- Cthe direction that the stereocilia are stimulated on the hair cell.
- Dthe number of hair cells stimulated in the semicircular canal.
- Ewhere on the basilar membrane hair cells are stimulated.
47
Whether the hair cells in the semicircular canal are depolarized or hyperpolarized is dependent upon the ________.- Aextent to which the stereocilia are bent
- Bspeed at which the head rotates
- Cspeed at which the stereocilia are bent
- Dthe concentration of ions in the endolymph
- Edirection the stereocilia on the hair cells are bent
48Which taste is perceived when sodium ions in food or drink enter through channels on taste receptor cells?
- Asalty
- Bumami
- Csweet
- Dsour
- Ebitter
49Olfactory receptors:
- Aare specialized endings on afferent neurons.
- Bdetect thousands of types of odorants.
- Conly detect chemicals that are volatile.
- Dsend excitatory messages to the olfactory bulb when a specific odorant binds to a receptor.
- Eall of the above
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- Quiz on z p 2, created by Kasey Doney on 09/08/2019.
- Author
- Kasey Doney
- Language
- English
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