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Lecture 2 - N15F19

Yula Peppers 12 questions

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Questions in this quiz (12)

  1. 1What is a Synapse?

    • Defn = [blank_start]site[blank_end] at which cells make [blank_start]contact[blank_end] with one another
    1. Asite
    2. Bcontact
  2. 2[blank_start]electrical[blank_end] synapse = [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] and [blank_start]electrically[blank_end] [blank_start]conductive[blank_end] link between two cells that is formed by a [blank_start]narrow[blank_end] [blank_start]gap[blank_end]

    • aka [blank_start]gap[blank_end] [blank_start]junction[blank_end]
    1. Aelectrical
    2. Bmechanical
    3. Celectrically
    4. Dnarrow
    5. Egap
    6. Fgap
    7. Gjunction
    8. Hconductive
  3. 3[blank_start]chemical[blank_end] synapse = [blank_start]specialized[blank_end] junction through which cells signal to one another via [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end]
    1. Achemical
    2. Bspecialized
    3. Cchemical
    4. Ddiffusion
  4. 4[blank_start]Resting[blank_end] Potential

    • Defn = the [blank_start]steady[blank_end] [blank_start]electrical[blank_end] potential across the membrane in the [blank_start]quiescent[blank_end] state

    • determined by the [blank_start]concentrations[blank_end] of [blank_start]ions[blank_end] in both the [blank_start]intracellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] fluids and [blank_start]ion[blank_end] [blank_start]transport[blank_end] [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] (i.e., [blank_start]channels[blank_end] and [blank_start]pumps[blank_end]) in the cell [blank_start]membrane[blank_end]

    • in most neurons, the resting potential is -[blank_start]70[blank_end] mV
    1. Asteady
    2. BResting
    3. Celectrical
    4. Dquiescent
    5. Econcentrations
    6. Fions
    7. Gintracellular
    8. Hextracellular
    9. Iion
    10. Jtransport
    11. Kproteins
    12. Lchannels
    13. Mpumps
    14. Nmembrane
    15. O70
  5. 5[blank_start]electrical[blank_end] gradient slows the [blank_start]efflux[blank_end] of [blank_start]K[blank_end] and the [blank_start]influx[blank_end] of [blank_start]Cl[blank_end]

    cell can exist [blank_start]indefinitely[blank_end] in this state with [blank_start]no[blank_end] gain/loss of [blank_start]ions[blank_end]
    1. Aelectrical
    2. Befflux
    3. CK
    4. DCl
    5. Einflux
    6. Findefinitely
    7. Gno
    8. Hions
  6. 6[blank_start]Na[blank_end]-[blank_start]K[blank_end] Pump
    [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] that exchanges [blank_start]3[blank_end] [blank_start]Na+[blank_end] ([blank_start]out[blank_end]) for [blank_start]2[blank_end] [blank_start]K+[blank_end] ([blank_start]in[blank_end])
    [blank_start]active[blank_end] process dependent on [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]
    1. ANa
    2. BK
    3. Cenzyme
    4. D3
    5. ENa+
    6. Fout
    7. G2
    8. HK+
    9. Iin
    10. Jactive
    11. KATP
  7. 7The [blank_start]Action[blank_end] Potential

    • Defn = [blank_start]regenerative[blank_end] [blank_start]all[blank_end]-or-nothing [blank_start]electrical[blank_end] potential that propagates along a [blank_start]axon[blank_end] or [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] [blank_start]fiber[blank_end]
    1. AAction
    2. Bregenerative
    3. Celectrical
    4. Dall
    5. Eaxon
    6. Fmuscle
    7. Gfiber
  8. 8[blank_start]Threshold[blank_end]

    • at [blank_start]threshold[blank_end], the inward [blank_start]Na[blank_end] current and [blank_start]outward[blank_end] [blank_start]K[blank_end] current are equal and [blank_start]opposite[blank_end]

    • but, it is also unstable: if an extra [blank_start]NA[blank_end] enters, [blank_start]depolarization[blank_end] [blank_start]increases[blank_end], [blank_start]NA[blank_end] conductance [blank_start]increases[blank_end] and more [blank_start]Na[blank_end] enters the cell

    outward current cannot keep up with the [blank_start]Na[blank_end] current and the regenerative process EXPLODES
    1. AThreshold
    2. Bthreshold
    3. CNa
    4. Doutward
    5. EK
    6. Fopposite
    7. GNA
    8. Hdepolarization
    9. Iincreases
    10. JNA
    11. Kincreases
    12. LNa
    13. MNa
  9. 9[blank_start]Rising[blank_end] Phase

    • [blank_start]action[blank_end] [blank_start]potential[blank_end] begins with a stimulus that [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the membrane potential
    • results in [blank_start]positive[blank_end] feedback: the more the membrane potential ([blank_start]increases[blank_end]), the more the [blank_start]inward[blank_end] current ([blank_start]increases[blank_end])
    • the [blank_start]sharp[blank_end] rise in membrane potential and [blank_start]na[blank_end] current = [blank_start]rising[blank_end] [blank_start]phase[blank_end]
    • arises from voltage-gated [blank_start]Na[blank_end] channels
    • after a delay, [blank_start]voltage[blank_end]-gated [blank_start]K[blank_end] channels [blank_start]open[blank_end]
    1. ARising
    2. Baction
    3. Cpotential
    4. Dincreases
    5. Epositive
    6. Fincreases
    7. Gincreases
    8. Hinward
    9. Isharp
    10. Jna
    11. Krising
    12. Lphase
    13. MNa
    14. NK
    15. Ovoltage
    16. Popen
  10. 10[blank_start]Peak[blank_end] and [blank_start]Falling[blank_end] Phase

    • [blank_start]positive[blank_end] feedback of the [blank_start]rising[blank_end] phase [blank_start]slows[blank_end] and eventually [blank_start]stops[blank_end] as the [blank_start]Na[blank_end] channels become
    [blank_start]maximally[blank_end] open
    • at the [blank_start]peak[blank_end], [blank_start]na[blank_end] [blank_start]permeability[blank_end] is maximized
    • inward flow of [blank_start]Na[blank_end] ([blank_start]decreases[blank_end]) and outward flow of [blank_start]K[blank_end] ­([blank_start]increases[blank_end])
    together , these result in [blank_start]rapid[blank_end] [blank_start]repolarization[blank_end] = [blank_start]falling[blank_end] [blank_start]phase[blank_end]
    1. APeak
    2. BFalling
    3. Cpositive
    4. Drising
    5. Eslows
    6. Fstops
    7. GNa
    8. Hmaximally
    9. Ipeak
    10. Jna
    11. Kpermeability
    12. LNa
    13. Mdecreases
    14. NK
    15. Oincreases
    16. Prapid
    17. Qrepolarization
    18. Rfalling
    19. Sphase

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Quiz on Lecture 2 - N15F19, created by Yula Peppers on 20/09/2019.
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