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PSY304 Operant learning
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Questions in this quiz (35)
1Any stimulus which, when presented following a behaviour, increases or maintains the strength of that behaviour.
- ANegative reinforcer (p. 134).
- BPositive reinforcer (p. 133).
- CPrimary reinforcer (p. 138).
- DContrived reinforcer (p. 141).
2Any stimulus which, when removed following a behaviour, increases or maintains the strength of that behaviour.
- APrimary reinforcer (p. 138).
- BPositive reinforcer (p. 133).
- CNegative reinforcer (p. 134).
- DPunishment (p. 232).
3Behaviour that has been reinforced many times is more likely to persist when “obstructed” in some way.
- APositive reinforcement (p. 133).
- BBehavioural momentum (p. 135).
- CNegative reinforcement (p. 134).
- DExtinction (p. 204).
4Any reinforcer that is the spontaneous consequence of a behaviour.
- ANatural reinforcer (p. 140).
- BContrived reinforcer (p. 141).
- CPrimary reinforcer (p. 138).
- DSecondary reinforcer (p. 139).
5Any reinforcer that has acquired its reinforcing properties through its association with other reinforcers.
- APrimary reinforcer (p. 138).
- BSecondary reinforcer (p. 139).
- CNatural reinforcer (p. 140).
- DContrived reinforcer (p. 141).
6Any reinforcer that is provided by someone for the purpose of changing behaviour.
- ANatural reinforcer (p. 140).
- BContrived reinforcer (p. 141).
- CPositive reinforcer (p. 133).
- DNegative reinforcer (p. 134).
7A decrease in the strength of a behaviour due to its consequences. As a procedure, it means providing consequences for a behaviour that decrease the strength of that behaviour.
- APunishment (p. 232).
- BReinforcement (p. 133).
- CBehavioural momentum (p. 135).
- DNegative reinforcement (p. 134).
8The consequence of a behaviour is the appearance of, or an increase in the intensity of an undesired stimulus to decrease a behaviour.
- APositive punishment (p. 232).
- BNegative punishment (p. 232).
- CPositive reinforcement (p. 133).
- DNegative reinforcement (p. 134).
9A behaviour is weakened by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of a desired stimulus to decrease a behaviour.
- APositive punishment (p. 232).
- BNegative punishment (p. 232).
- CPositive reinforcement (p. 133).
- DNegative reinforcement (p. 134).
10A behaviour is strengthened by the removal, or a decrease in the intensity, of an undesired stimulus to increase a behaviour.
- ANegative reinforcement (p. 134).
- BPositive reinforcement (p. 133).
- CPositive punishment (p. 232).
- DNegative punishment (p. 232).
11The consequence of a behaviour is the appearance of, or an increase in the intensity of a desired stimulus to increase a behaviour.
- APositive reinforcement (p. 133).
- BNegative reinforcement (p. 134).
- CPositive punishment (p. 232).
- DNegative punishment (p. 232).
12Any reinforcer that is innately reinforcing; i.e., not dependent on its association with other reinforcers.
- APrimary reinforcer (p. 138)
- BSecondary reinforcer (p. 139)
- CNatural reinforcer (p. 140).
- DContrived reinforcer (p. 141).
13The degree of correlation between a behaviour and its consequence.
- AContingency (p. 142)
- BContiguity (p. 144)
- CReinforcer characteristics (p. 146)
- DBehaviour characteristics (p. 147)
14The gap in time between a behaviour and its reinforcing consequence.
- AContiguity (p. 144)
- BContingency (p. 142)
- CReinforcer characteristics (p. 146)
- DBehaviour characteristics (p. 147)
15Reinforcers are not all alike; some work better than others.
- AReinforcer characteristics (p. 146)
- BContingency (p. 142)
- CContiguity (p. 144)
- DBehaviour characteristics (p. 147)
16Certain qualities of the behaviour being reinforced affect the ease with which it can be strengthened.
- ABehaviour characteristics (p. 147)
- BReinforcer characteristics (p. 146)
- CContiguity (p. 144)
- DContingency (p. 142)
17An area of the brain that, when stimulated, reinforces behaviour. It is thought to be key to the neurological basis of reinforcement.
- AReward pathway (p. 151)
- BDopamine (p. 151)
- CSeptal region
- DDrive (p. 154)
18A neurotransmitter that produces a natural “high” and is thought to play a major role in reinforcement.
- AReward pathway (p. 151)
- BDopamine (p. 151)
- CSeptal region
- DDrive (p. 154)
19Increases the effectiveness of a consequence (a reinforcer or punisher).
- AEstablishing operations (p. 148)
- BAbolishing operations (p. 148)
- CMotivating operations (p. 148)
- DEnhancing operation
20Those that decrease the effectiveness of a consequence.
- AAbolishing operations (p. 148)
- BEstablishing operations (p. 148)
- CMotivating operations (p. 148)
- DInhibiting operation
21The theory of reinforcement that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to the reduction of a drive.
- AHull’s Drive-Reduction Theory (p. 154)
- BRelative Value Theory (p. 155)
- CResponse-Deprivation Theory/ Equilibrium theory or Response-restriction theory (p. 157)
- DTwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
22Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviours rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probability relative to other behaviours.
- ARelative Value Theory (p. 155)
- BResponse-Deprivation Theory/ Equilibrium theory or Response-restriction theory (p. 157)
- CTwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
- DOne-Process Theory (p. 163)
23The observation that high-probability behaviour reinforces low-probability behaviour.
- APremack Principle (p. 156)
- BHull’s Drive-Reduction Theory (p. 154)
- CTwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
- DRelative Value Theory (p. 155)
24The theory of reinforcement that says a behaviour is reinforcing to the extent that the organism has been deprived (relative to its baseline frequency) of performing that behaviour.
- AResponse-Deprivation Theory/ Equilibrium theory or Response-restriction theory (p. 157)
- BHull’s Drive-Reduction Theory (p. 154)
- CPremack Principle (p. 156)
- DTwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
25The view that avoidance and punishment involve two procedures—Pavlovian and operant learning.
- ATwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
- BOne-Process Theory (p. 163)
- CRelative Value Theory (p. 155)
- DPremack Principle (p. 156)
26The view that avoidance and punishment involve only one procedure—operant learning.
- AOne-Process Theory (p. 163)
- BTwo-Process Theory (p. 159)
- CPremack Principle (p. 156)
- DHull’s Drive-Reduction Theory (p. 154)
27The reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behaviour.
- AShaping (p. 169)
- BChaining (p. 174)
- CTask analysis (p. 174)
- DSuperstitious behaviour (p. 184)
28A series of related behaviours, the last of which produces reinforcement.
- ABehaviour chain (p. 173)
- BChaining (p. 174)
- CForward chaining (p. 174)
- DBackward chaining (p. 174)
29The procedure of establishing a behaviour chain.
- AChaining (p. 174)
- BBehaviour chain (p. 173)
- CForward chaining (p. 174)
- DBackward chaining (p. 174)
30The procedure of identifying the component elements of a behaviour chain. This is the first step in chaining.
- ATask analysis (p. 174)
- BShaping (p. 169)
- CProblem (p. 176)
- DSuperstitious behaviour (p. 184)
31A chaining procedure in which training begins with the first link in the chain and adds subsequent links in order.
- AForward chaining (p. 174)
- BBackward chaining (p. 174)
- CBehaviour chain (p. 173)
- DChaining (p. 174)
32A chaining procedure in which training begins with the last link in the chain and adds preceding links in reverse order.
- ABackward chaining (p. 174)
- BForward chaining (p. 174)
- CBehaviour chain (p. 173)
- DChaining (p. 174)
33A situation in which reinforcement is available but the behaviour necessary to produce it is not.
- AProblem (p. 176)
- BSuperstitious behaviour (p. 184)
- CTask analysis (p. 174)
- DLearned Helplessness (p. 188)
34Any behaviour that occurs repeatedly even though it does not produce the reinforcers that maintain it.
- ASuperstitious behaviour (p. 184)
- BProblem (p. 176)
- CBehaviour chain (p. 173)
- DLearned Helplessness (p. 188)
35The tendency to give up on a problem as a result of previous exposure to insoluble problems. In experiments the problem typically involves escape learning.
- ALearned Helplessness (p. 188)
- BSuperstitious behaviour (p. 184)
- COne-Process Theory (p. 163)
- DNegative Reinforcement/ Escape learning (p. 134)
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- PSY304 Quiz on PSY304 Operant learning, created by Stephanie Moore on 02/11/2019.
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- Stephanie Moore
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