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Chapter 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

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Biological Anthropology Quiz on Chapter 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo, created by heather kuebler on 23/11/2019.
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Quiz by heather kuebler, updated more than 1 year ago
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Question 1

Question
What anatomical feature did Homo Habilis share with earlier australopithecine species?
Answer
  • a small brain
  • a large chewing complex
  • a large face and large jaws
  • short legs relative to arms

Question 2

Question
Where does Homo Naledi most likely fit into the human lineage?
Answer
  • an early taxon of the genus Homo
  • a late taxon of genus Homo
  • a descendant of Homo Erectus
  • actually an Australopithecine

Question 3

Question
Which of the following represents a skeletal adaptation of the Homo erectus that contributed to its fully modern walking?
Answer
  • longer legs and shorter arms
  • a more abducted big toe
  • loss of arches of the foot
  • decreased body height

Question 4

Question
Which of the following is not a Homo Erectus behavioral innovation?
Answer
  • long-distance hunting and walking
  • controlled use of fire for cooking
  • production of symbolic material culture
  • migration outside of Africa to Asia and Europe

Question 5

Question
The rapid increases in Homo Erectus body and brain size are most likely linked to which diets?
Answer
  • a high-fiber diet of fruits and vegetables
  • a high-fiber diet of grasses and seeds
  • a high-protein diet of raw meat
  • a high-protein diet of cooked meat

Question 6

Question
Ernst Haeckel, the famous German anatomist of the nineteenth century, argued that the orangutan is anatomically more similar to humans than are any of the nonhuman African apes. This led to
Answer
  • changing the species name for humans, temporarily, from Homo sapiens to Pithecanthropus sapiens.
  • the search for early human remains in the East African Rift Valley.
  • Charles Darwin’s inspiration to change his theory of human origins.
  • Eugene Dubois’s inspiration to search for the earliest human ancestors in Asia.

Question 7

Question
During the period 2.5–1.0 mya
Answer
  • several hominins, including but not limited to Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and various Australopithecine species, were alive at overlapping time periods, just as earlier periods saw several species of Australopithecine alive at once
  • the great diversity of hominins known from earlier periods was quickly trimmed down so only Homo erectus existed, alone, for most of that time.
  • there were two species of early hominin, Homo habilis living in Africa and Homo erectus living in Asia.
  • there was one widespread species of hominin, Homo erectus, with so much variation that early anthropologists thought there were several species existing side by side.

Question 8

Question
Homo erectus fossils date to
Answer
  • 3–1 mya.
  • 2.5–0.5 mya.
  • 1.8 mya–300,000 yBP.
  • 1.2 mya–800,000 yBP.

Question 9

Question
Dubois’s Pithecanthropus erectus finds consisted of
Answer
  • only skull fragments, so it was not known if Pithecanthropus erectus was bipedal.
  • only leg and other body fragments, so it was not known if Pithecanthropus erectus had a human-size brain.
  • a molar, a partial skull, and a femur, which indicated that Pithecanthropus erectus walked only partially upright, but had a human-size brain.
  • a molar, a partial skull, and a femur, which indicated that Pithecanthropus erectus walked much like a modern human but had a brain intermediate in size between a modern human and a typical nonhuman ape.

Question 10

Question
Homo erectus differed from earlier hominids in having traits such
Answer
  • a smaller brain.
  • larger teeth
  • a bigger sagittal keel.
  • a larger brain

Question 11

Question
What are the differences between Homo habilis and Homo
Answer
  • Homo habilis shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
  • Homo erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
  • Homo habilis generally has a greater brain capacity than Homo erectus.
  • Homo erectus generally has a smaller brain capacity than Homo habilis.

Question 12

Question
Homo erectus’s cranial capacity
Answer
  • is always less than 1,000 cc.
  • is always more than 800 cc
  • ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.
  • ranges from 900 cc to 1,200 cc.

Question 13

Question
Homo erectus’s high degree of adaptive success is evidenced by its
Answer
  • increased reliance on material culture
  • apparent increased intelligence.
  • reliance on unchanging environments.
  • increased reliance on material culture and apparent increased intelligence.

Question 14

Question
Bodo and Daka hominins are ________; Dmanisi is ________.
Answer
  • Asian; African
  • European; African
  • African; Asian
  • African; European

Question 15

Question
Some Homo erectus specimens had very large and robust bones while others
Answer
  • small with robust bones.
  • tall with robust bones.
  • gracile.
  • small with thin bones.

Question 16

Question
The first evidence of modern human traits, including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture, shows up in Homo
Answer
  • erectus.
  • sapiens.
  • neanderthalensis
  • habilis.

Question 17

Question
Compared to australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by a
Answer
  • smaller face.
  • bigger brain.
  • rounder and larger skull.
  • smaller face; bigger brain; and a rounder, larger skull.

Question 18

Question
Homo erectus migrated
Answer
  • first to Europe, then across Asia, reaching southeast Asia last.
  • from Asia to Europe, then Africa.
  • from Asia to Africa, then Europe.
  • from Africa to western Asia, then southeast Asia, and later to east Asia and Europe.

Question 19

Question
The discoverer of Homo erectus was
Answer
  • Louis Leakey
  • Richard Leakey
  • Eugène Dubois.
  • Ernst Haeckel.

Question 20

Question
Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis are
Answer
  • both forms of Homo erectus.
  • often considered the same species and immediately ancestral to Homo sapiens.
  • often combined into one species, which is called Homo habilis.
  • often combined into one species, which is called Australopithecus robustus.

Question 21

Question
The Nariokotome boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human traits such as
Answer
  • shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.
  • retention of an australopithecine-like body plan
  • longer legs than later hominids.
  • a mix of arboreal and bipedal adaptations.

Question 22

Question
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like
Answer
  • long legs and opposable toes.
  • double arches and an adducted big toe.
  • long arms.
  • a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.

Question 23

Question
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, with traits like
Answer
  • long legs and opposable toes.
  • double arches and an adducted big toe.
  • long arms.
  • a foramen magnum at the back of the skull.

Question 24

Question
Stone tools are more commonly found on archaeological sites thought to be associated with
Answer
  • Ardipithecus.
  • Paranthropus.
  • Australopithecus.
  • Homo habilis.
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