untitled

1. 1Sally and Sue are two brain damaged patients. Which of the following examples represents a double dissociation?

   1. ABoth Sally and Sue have good episodic memory but poor semantic memory
   2. BSally and Sue both show deficits in episodic and semantic memory
   3. CSally has good semantic memory but poor episodic memory whereas Sue had good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.
   4. DBoth Sally and Sue have good semantic memory but poor episodic memory
2. 2What is source monitoring

   1. APeople monitor their brain activity when they are trying to retrieve information
   2. BThe better one is able to recall the content of an event (eg. a phone conversation), the worse one is able to recall the source (eg. with whom did one have that phone conversation) of the event
   3. CEach event is remembered by both its content (eg. a phone conversation and the source of that content *eg. with whom did one have that conversation) and different factors affect the remembrance of each
   4. DAll of the above
3. 3What is the misinformation effect

   1. APeople's memory of a witnessed event is negatively affected by exposure to incorrect information after the event
   2. BPeople's memory of a witnessed event loses detail if a weapon is involved in the witnessed event
   3. CPresenting people with words (eg. Nurse, hospital) related to a non-presented critical word (eg. doctor) can cause remembrance of the non-presented critical word.
   4. DPresenting a title (eg. the story of Hitler) prior to subjects reading a passage creates schema-consistent false memories
4. 4What is the reminiscence bump?

   1. AWhen people recall things over multiple occasions, the content of the recall changes/distorts over time
   2. BWhen people recall events that occurred over their life time, they recall more events that occurred during adolescence and young adulthood than any other periods
   3. CWhen people recall events that occurred over their life time, they recall more events that occurred during mid-life than any other periods
   4. DWhen people recall events that occurred over their lifetime, they recall more emotionally charged events than neutral events
5. 5In the "telephone game" one person whispers a story to a second person, who does the same to a third person, and so on. When the last person recites the story to the group, his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies. This game shows how memory is a ________ process

   1. ALife-narrative
   2. BNarrative-rehersal
   3. CConsequentially based
   4. DConstructive
6. 6What is the Primacy effect

   1. AAfter studying a sequence of items, people are more likely to remember items studied early in the sequence than in the middle of the sequence.
   2. BAfter studying a sequence of items, people are more likely to remember items studied late in the sequence than in the middle of the sequence
   3. CAfter studying a sequence of items people are more likely to remember items studied in the middle of the sequence than early in the sequence
   4. DAfter studying a sequence of items people are more likely to remember items studied in the middle of the sequence than late in the sequence
7. 7Testing is better than re-studying for performance on a final test if the delay between taking the initial test and the final test is short (i.e. <30 min)

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
8. 8This multiple choice question is an example of a _______ test.

   1. ARecognition
   2. Bfree recall
   3. Ccued recall
   4. Dword naming
9. 9In an experiment comparing amnesiacs and healthy controls, Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970) showed that amnesiacs have the capacity to learn. In which of the following memory test did the amnesiacs perform as well as the control participants?

   1. AFree recall
   2. Brecognition
   3. CWord fragment identification
   4. DNone of the above
10. 10Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflects

    1. ADisrupted long-term potentiation
    2. BTemporary post-traumatic stress disorder
    3. CKorsakoff's syndrome
    4. DA failure of memory consolidation

11. 11Organic amnesia is always caused by brain damage to the medial-temporal lobe. Dissociative fugue is always caused by the occurrence of a psychological trauma.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
12. 12Jacoby and Dallas demonstrated that implicit memory can be dissociated from explicit memory by showing that

    1. ATransfer appropriate processing does not apply to implicit memory, but it applies to explicit memory
    2. BImplicit memory is preserved in older adults but explicit memory is not
    3. CNon-human animals have implicit memory but not explicit memory
    4. DLevels of processing does not apply to implicit memory, but it applies to explicit memory.
13. 13Why didn't Spitzer find a testing effect after 21 days?

    1. ABecause the final test occurred too late
    2. BBecause the testing effect is not long lasting
    3. CBecause Spitzer did not give his subjects corrective feedback after testing
    4. DBecause the initial test occurred too late
14. 14Which of the following is characteristic of the testing effect?

    1. ATesting slows down forgetting, and its benefits persist over time
    2. BTesting can enhance memory retention, but its benefits fade over time
    3. CTesting only enhances memory retention when one is given corrective feedback after a test
    4. DTaking a test enhances memory retention to the same degree as restudying the material
15. 15In one experiment, Roediger and Karpicke manipulated how subjects learn foreign vocabulary by varying the number of times subjects restudy or recall the words. Subjects also predicted their memory performance for a test that will occur one week later. The results of this experiment show that

    1. Asubjects produced relatively accurate prediction of their performance
    2. Bsubjects were aware of the benefits of repeated testing on memory performance
    3. Csubjects were aware of the benefits of repeated studying on memory performance
    4. Dsubjects produced grossly incorrect prediction of their performance
16. 16HM suffered amnesia due to the removal of brain regions in his

    1. AFrontal lobe
    2. BTemporal lobe
    3. COccipital lobe
    4. DParietal lobe
17. 17Patient M.B damaged his brain in a car accident on Feb 1, 2013 and became amnesic. Today is March 1st. You ask him what he did of Feb 14, 2013 and he does not remember. Assuming that this forgetting is caused by amnesia, how would you characterize this amnesia?

    1. ARetrograde amnesia
    2. BAnterograde amnesia
    3. CGraded retrograde amnesia
    4. DTransient global amnesia
    5. EDissociative fugue
18. 18Which of the following is an accurate description for deeply amnesic patients like HM and KC?

    1. AThey are able to recall episodic events from long term memory if the events occurred in their remote past, but not if the events occurred in their recent past
    2. BThey can recall episodic events from their past, no matter when the events occurred, as long as they are given enough time to retrieve the information
    3. CThey are unable to recall any episodic events from long term memory, regardless of when the events occurred.
19. 19A fill in the blanks question is an example of a ______ test.

    1. Arecognition
    2. Bfree recall
    3. Ccued recall
    4. Dword naming
20. 20Amnesic patients cannot recall events that they have experienced in explicit memory tests, but their performance on implicit tests show that they have some capacity to learn. What causes this difference?

    1. AImplicit tests are not true memory tests
    2. BAmnesic patients have intact short-term memory
    3. CAmnesic patients cannot enter retrieval mode
    4. DAmnesic patients have intact iconic/immediate memory
21. 21What is another term for active attention

    1. Aextravertous orienting
    2. Bendogenous orienting
    3. Cintrogeneous orienting
    4. Dexogenous orienting
22. 22What is a dichotic listening task

    1. AWhen different auditory messages are presented to each ear
    2. BWhen the same auditory message is presented to both ears
    3. CWhen two people listen to the same auditory message simultaneously
    4. DNone of the above
23. 23What is shadowing?

    1. AWhen an auditory signal is muffled by white noise.
    2. BWhen people are presented with two visual stimuli and must ignore one.
    3. CWhen people repeat out loud an auditory message as he/she listens to that message
    4. DWhen the presentation of a target visual stimulus is followed by the presentation of a nontarget visual pattern
24. 24Encoding specificity principle predicts that memory performance is best when

    1. AInformation is encoded deeply
    2. BInformation is retrieved in the same manner as it was encoded
    3. CInformation is retrieved deeply
    4. DInformation is held in short-term memory for a long time
25. 25What is the major difference between the attentional filter as described in Broadbent's theory and in Treisman's theory

    1. AAccording to Broadbent, the filter is goal-directed.
    2. BAccording to Treisman, the filter is goal-directed.
    3. CNone of the above.
26. 26Critics argue that deeper processing produces better memory because deeper encoding tasks take longer to do than shallow tasks. Craik and Tulving showed that the level of processing effect is not based on differences in encoding time because:

    1. Aa phonological encoding task (vowel-consonant pattern matching) produces worse memory performance than a meaning encoding task even though the phonological task takes longer to do.
    2. Brhyme encoding produced worse performance than meaning encoding on a rhyme recognition test.
    3. Cdifferent types of memory tests (e.g., recall vs. recognition) are just different ways to test the same underlying memories
    4. Damnesiacs do not show a level of processing effect
27. 27Why does practice improve performance on divided attention tasks?

    1. APractice increases the short term memory limit for an individual.
    2. BPractice allows one to automatize a task, thus reducing the need to invoke controlled processes.
    3. CPractice does not actually improve performance. It simply gives the appearance that one's performance has improved.
    4. DNone of the above.
28. 28Based on what we discussed during the short-term/working memory lectures, which of the following sequence of letters would be easiest to remember?

    1. AA X R O Q
    2. BP D E B C
    3. CN M A K J
    4. DO X I D E
29. 29Neglect patients usually suffer damage to their

    1. ATemporal lobe
    2. BOccipital lobe
    3. CFrontal lobe
    4. DParietal lobe
30. 30How did researchers show that changed blindness can be caused by differences in social groups?

    1. AAfrican Americans do not show changed blindness
    2. BCollege students show changed blindness towards construction workers but not towards other college students
    3. CThe elderly do not show change blindness
    4. DOnly the elderly show changed blindness.
31. 31By having subjects view pictures of faces and houses, O'Craven et al. showed that the brain takes possession of objects using attention. What did they find?

    1. AActivity in the fusiform area increases when people pay attention to the faces relative to houses.
    2. BFaces are easier to remember than houses.
    3. CFaces are harder to remember than houses.
    4. Dactivity in the fusiform area decreases when people pay attention to the faces relative to houses.
32. 32What is inattentional blindness?

    1. AThe inability to detect unattended stimuli in the nonshadowed channel
    2. BThe inability to detect changes in auditory attention
    3. CPeople do not perceive visual stimuli to which they do not attend.
    4. DNone of these.
33. 33Posner and Petersen suggested that three mechanisms underlie the visual attentional searchlight. Which o the following is NOT one of these mechanisms?

    1. AEngagement
    2. BShifting
    3. CDisengagement
    4. DTransfer
34. 34Behrmann and Tipper showed left-neglect patients a barbell. The patients focused on the right side of the barbell. At this point, the barbell rotates 180 degrees and the patients now focused on the left side of the barbell. What does this experiment show us?

    1. AVisual attention can be object based.
    2. BVisual attention cannot be object-based.
    3. CVisual attention is space based.
35. 35If it takes you 20 trials to learn a poem the first time and 15 trials to learn the same poem the second time, what is the percentage of savings?

    1. A20%
    2. B75%
    3. C33%
    4. D25%
36. 36According to the modal model proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin, what causes information to transfer from short-term memory to long-term memory?

    1. AKeep information in short-term memory for a long time by rehearsal.
    2. BSpace out the learning episodes.
    3. CThink about the appearance of the to-be-remembered information.
    4. DNone of the above.
37. 37How can a person EXCEED the limit of short-term memory capacity? I am referring to the amount of information that can be retained (7 +/- 2), not how long information can be retained.

    1. ARehearse information continuously
    2. BChunk information into larger units
    3. CKeep information in short-term memory without getting distracted.
    4. DNone of these.
38. 38What is the difference between iconic memory and afterimage?

    1. AAn iconic memory lasts a lot longer than an afterimage.
    2. BIconic memory resides in the brain; afterimage resides in the retina
    3. CEvery person can experience an afterimage, but only a handful of people have ever shown iconic memory
    4. DAll of the above.
39. 39Which of the following is the deepest level of processing?

    1. AThink about the consonant/vowel pattern of the word
    2. BThink about the number of syllables in a word
    3. CThink about whether a word rhymes with another word
    4. DThink about whether a word represents a concrete object
40. 40Information remains in iconic memory for

    1. AAbout one second.
    2. B15-30 seconds.
    3. CNo limit as long as it is rehearsed.
    4. D1-3 minutes.
41. 41On some level, Larry (the American prosopagnosic patient you saw in the long video) can recognize faces because:

    1. Ahe knows when he is making an error when identifying faces.
    2. Bhe shows heightened skin response when he makes a face identification error.
    3. Che can read books and he can recognize objects
    4. Dhe can recognize faces, except that he experiences no emotions to those faces.
42. 42According to Biederman, which of the following is not important for recognition?

    1. AThe specific geons that make up the object
    2. BThe way the geons are combined to construct the object
    3. CTexture of the object
    4. DNone of the above
43. 43Members of a security team are stationed on rooftops surrounding a large city plaza before a scheduled rally. Suddenly, three team members in different locations radio in to the command center, each stating that they have spotted a suspicious box on the ground with a pipe coming from the top. What enables the security team members to report seeing the same object despite being stationed on different rooftops?

    1. ASemantic regularity
    2. BViewpoint invariance
    3. CBottom-up processing
    4. DPrinciple of similarity
44. 44HJA (John) is able to identify an inverted T when it is presented alone, but he cannot identify an inverted T when it is surrounded by a number of upright Ts. Based on these results, what stage of object recognition is damaged in HJA?

    1. AEdge grouping
    2. BFeature binding
    3. CView normalization
    4. DStructural description
45. 45Being able to perceive the Necker cube in multiple ways is an example of:

    1. Abottom up processing
    2. Bdata driven processing
    3. Ctop down processing
    4. Dthe whole equals to the sum of its parts
46. 46Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out that the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by:

    1. Atop down processing
    2. Bbottom up processing
    3. Cfocused attention
47. 47Wong and Weisstein showed that perception of objects presented in the figure (e.g., of the face-goblet picture) is:

    1. Aas precise as perception of objects presented on a blank screen
    2. Bmore precise than perception of objects presented in the background
    3. Cnot as precise as perception of objects presented in the background
    4. Dnone of the above
48. 48You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

    1. Agood figure
    2. Bsimplicity
    3. Cfamiliarity
    4. Dgood continuation
49. 49Which of the following does not support the idea that face recognition is special (relative to other object recognition)?

    1. AContrast reversal
    2. BOrientation dependence
    3. CExpertise effect
    4. DProsopagnosia
50. 50What is an accidental angle in object recognition?

    1. AWhen viewing an object fro the top
    2. BA viewpoint at which extra geon structures can be seen
    3. CA viewpoint at which even patients with visual agnosia can recognize an item
    4. DA viewpoint at which important geon structures are obscured.
51. 51You are doing an experiment in which you have to choose between the object that you have seen previously (the target object) and the other object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What task are you doing?

    1. ALandmark discrimination task
    2. BObject discrimination task
    3. CDouble dissociation task
    4. DGreeble recognition task
52. 52In a brain ablation study, Ungerleider and Mishkin (1982) showed that lesions to the parietal are of the monkey brain disrupted performance on a task. What is it?

    1. ALandmark discrimination task
    2. BObject discrimination task
    3. CDouble dissociation task
    4. DGreeble recognition task
53. 53Patient D.F. (studied by David Milner) suffered damaged to her temporal lobe and could no longer match a card held in her hand to the orientation of a slot on the wall. But she was able to:

    1. Afit the card into the slot if she was told to pretend that she was mailing a letter.
    2. Bmatch the card to the orientation of the slot if she held the card in her non-dominant hand.
    3. Crecognize most objects presented visually in photographs.
    4. Drecognize most objects presented visually in line drawings.
54. 54In one video that you saw in class, a patient suffering fro visual agnosia can identify a string but not the tea bag that is attached to the bottom of the string. Which of the following object recognition stage is likely preserved in this patient?

    1. AFeature binding into shapes
    2. BView normalization
    3. CEdge grouping by collinearity
    4. DStructural description
55. 55Category specific deficits in object recognition provide support for the existence of the following stage in object recognition:

    1. Astructural description
    2. Bsemantic system
    3. Cmotion detection
    4. Dfeature binding into shapes
56. 56Which of the following brain structure is important for face recognition?

    1. ASylvian fissure
    2. BThalamus
    3. CFusiform area
    4. DPituitary body
57. 57Which of the following assumption is held by the multiple-views perspective of object recognition?

    1. AColor and texture are important factors in object recognition
    2. BObject recognition performance is not affected by the angel at which an object appears
    3. CObject recognition performance is affected by the angle at which an object appears.
    4. DNone of the above
58. 58Farah argued that people can lose their ability to recognize faces but not objects because recognition of faces requires a different cognitive process compared with recognition of other objects. What is this process?

    1. ASpacial-temporal processing
    2. BConfigural processing
    3. CFeatural processing
    4. DNone of the above
59. 59What is the fat-face-thin illusion?

    1. AFat faces appear thinner when the eyes are hidden from view (e.g., when one wears sunglasses)
    2. BFat faces appear thinner when they are shown on a plain background than when they are shown on a crowded background
    3. CFat faces appear thinner when presented upside down
    4. DNone of the above.
60. 60It is easier to find patients who demonstrate impaired recognition of natural objects but normal recognition of artificial objects than to find patients who show the opposite deficits. Why?

    1. ANatural objects are defined by their appearance and artificial objects are defined by their functions.
    2. BNatural objects are defined by their functions and artificial objects are defined by their appearance.
    3. CArtificial objects tend to look like each other, so they are difficult to discriminate visually
    4. DAll of the above
61. 61The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called:

    1. Acognitive psychology
    2. Bintrospection
    3. Cbehaviorism
    4. Dmemory consolidation
62. 62In Donder's experiment on decision making, when subjects were asked to press one button if the left light illuminates and another button if the right light illuminates, they were engaged in a

    1. Amemory recall test
    2. Bsimple reaction time task
    3. Cchoice recognition task
    4. Doperant conditioning task
63. 63What is the difference between the approach of experimental cognitive psychology and the approach of behaviorism?

    1. AExperimental cognitive psychologists do not study stimulus-response relationships
    2. BExperimental cognitive psychologists test subjects with brain damage
    3. CExperimental cognitive psychologists want to explain why people behave the way they do
    4. DBehaviorists use animals, not humans, as subjects
64. 64Which of the following neuro-imaging techniques has the worst temporal resolution?

    1. APositron emission tomography
    2. BFunctional magnetic resonance imaging
    3. CElectroencephalogram
    4. DSingle Cell Recording
65. 65Which of the following neuro-imaging techniques has the best spacial resolution?

    1. APositron emission tomography
    2. BFunctional magnetic resonance imaging
    3. CElectroencephalogram
    4. DSingle Cell Recording
66. 66What does fMRI measure?

    1. ABlood flow in the brain
    2. BElectrical activities in the brain
    3. CWave forms emanating from the brain
    4. DConcentration of oxygen in the blood stream in the brain
67. 67There is a blind spot in our eye. Where is it?

    1. AOptic disk
    2. BRetina
    3. CFovea centralis
    4. DCornea
68. 68What can scientists do with transcranial magnetic stimulation?

    1. AStrengthen the magnetic signal in fMRI to produce better images
    2. BDisable functioning of subcortical structures so it is easier to detect brain activities on the cerebral cortex
    3. CTemporarily impair a specific brain region
    4. DSpeed up analysis for fMRI data
69. 69Which of the following describes the location of A relative to B? (A is above and to the left of B)

    1. ADorsal and ventral
    2. BAnterior and dorsal
    3. CLateral and dorsal
    4. DVentral and medial
70. 70You are an introspectionist and you are asked to describe a pencil. Which of the following statements would violate the principles of introspectionism?

    1. AThe object is stiff
    2. BThe object is straight
    3. CThe object is called a "Pencil"
    4. DThe object is hexagonal when viewed from the top or bottom
71. 71Which lobe in the brain is important for visual perception?

    1. AFrontal
    2. BTemporal
    3. COccipital
    4. DParietal
72. 72What is the function of lateral inhibition

    1. AIncrease the contrast of edges
    2. BDetect lateral movement in a visual scene
    3. CInhibit activities of the lateral occipital cortex
    4. DReduce the liklihood of epilepsy, which is caused by random firing of neurons.
73. 73Which of the following is the highest level cognitive process?

    1. AAuditory perception
    2. BVisual perception
    3. Cmotor learning
    4. DDecision making
74. 74The sentence "Ames in the the fall" is an example of...

    1. ABottom-up processing
    2. Btop-down processing
    3. CAttentional blink
    4. DThe inability of the right hemisphere to process language
75. 75Which of the following is a double dissociation?

    1. APatient A shows normal performance in task X but impaired performance in task Y, and patient B shows normal performance in task Y but impaired performance in task X
    2. BBoth patient A and patient B show normal performance in task X but impaired performance in task Y
    3. CPatient A has a lesion in brain area Q and patient B has a lesion in brain area P
    4. DPatient A has a lesion in brain area Q and can no longer perform normally in task X
76. 76What is the specialization of rod cells in the retina?

    1. ATo see colors
    2. BTo see in the dark
    3. CTo see details
    4. DTo see movements
77. 77What brain structure enables communication between the left and right hemispheres?

    1. ASylvian fissure
    2. BCentral sulcus
    3. CCorpus callosum
    4. DLateral geniculate nucleus
78. 78Akinetopsia refers to a condition in which patients lose their perception of visual motion which visual area is damaged in these patients?

    1. AV1
    2. BV2
    3. CV4
    4. DV5
79. 79John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

    1. AObservable behavior
    2. BMental processes
    3. CUnconscious processes
    4. DAttention
80. 80Which of the following is consistent with the idea of functional localization?

    1. ASpecific areas of the brain serve different functions
    2. BNeurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli
    3. CBrain areas are specialized for specific functions
    4. DAll of the above

Description

Quiz on untitled, created by Erin Bode on 26/11/2019.

Author

Erin Bode

Language

English

Views

2

Rating

No ratings yet

Rate this quiz

Rate this quiz

More on Memory