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Questions in this quiz (120)
1The genus Homo spent the majority of its evolutionary history in the ________ period.
- APliocene
- BMiocene
- CPleistocene
- DOligocene
2Which of the following statements is true of evolution?
- AEvolutionary processes are linear by nature
- BEvolution has a goal
- CEvolution has an endpoint
- DEvolutionary changes result from biological processes
3Changes in allele frequencies over time result from:
- Amutation
- Bgene flow
- Cnatural selection
- DAll of these answers are correct
4Millions of Native Americans perished from ________ almost immediately after their first European contact.
- Achickenpox
- Bsmallpox
- Ccholera
- Dinfluenza
5The most easily observed evolutionary process(es) in modern humans is/are:
- Agenetic drift
- Bgene flow
- Cgene flow and genetic drift
- Dadaptation
6Identify a true statement about human behavioral ecology (HBE).
- AIt combines natural selection with a focus on specific types of ecological pressures
- BIt recognizes that most behavior or conduct in the real world reflects optimal responses
- CIt rules out constraints that interfere with optimal responses
- DIt sees flexibility in individual behavior as nonadaptive
7SARS is an abbreviation/acronym for:
- Aserious acute respiratory syndrome
- Bsevere acute respiratory syndrome
- Cserious acute respire syndrome
- Dstrict acute respire syndrome
8A portion of the variation in the way humans' bodies look is because of:
- Agene flow
- Ba diet's impact on the existing physiology of an individual within a population
- Cselective differences in dietary patterns
- Ddifferences in diets that are evolutionary changes, not developmental responses
9The alteration of DNA sequences by inserting a normative sequence into a region of DNA to replace a nonfunctional gene is called:
- Agene therapy
- Bgenetic manipulation
- Cgene alteration
- Dgenetic modification
10Different populations on the planet are under distinct pressures from disease because of:
- Asociocultural realities
- Bgeopolitical realities
- Cunderlying genetic composition
- Dspecific biological factors
11In environments where organisms are stressed by cold, mammals tend to have which of the following?
- Aa decreased body mass relative to body surface area
- Ban increased body mass relative to body surface area
- Ca decreased body mass and increased body surface area
- Dan increased body mass and increased body surface area
12The species-wide distribution of A, B, and O alleles in human blood is approximately:
- A52.5% O, 33.5% A, and 16% B
- B57.5% O, 23.5% A, and 19% B
- C52.5% O, 26.5% A, and 21% B
- D62.5% O, 21.5% A, and 16% B
13Fst is a:
- Astatistical measurement of the fraction of variation found within samples
- Bstatistical measurement of the fraction of variation found between samples
- Cmeasurement of how closely related individuals are within a population
- Dmeasurement of how closely related individuals are between populations
14The human brain reached its current size about ________ years ago.
- A100,000 to 200,000
- B200,000 to 300,000
- C300,000 to 400,000
- D400,000 to 500,000
15Identify a true statement about the socially constructed concept of race.
- AIt is based on a group of populations that has an Fst of at least 0.25
- BIt is defined as a population, or group of populations, within a species that has defining as well as measurable biological characteristics
- CIt is defined as a set of ethnic factors that combine with easily perceived morphological traits to create an artificial, "biologized" category
- DIt is analyzed by excluding human traits such as cranial structure and body shape
16Sexual dimorphism between males and females in human populations is about:
- A9%
- B11%
- C13%
- D15%
17The differences in human skin color are caused by:
- Athe amount of carotene in the skin
- Bthe amount of vitamin D in the skin
- Cthe amount of melanin in the skin
- Dthe distribution of melanin in the skin
18A distribution wherein biological traits vary in a specific pattern across geography is called a(n):
- AFst
- Bcline
- Cgeographical dimorphism
- Dcormic distribution
19In low levels, ultraviolet light assists in the production of:
- Avitamin A
- Bvitamin D
- Cvitamin E
- Dcarotene
20In environments where organisms are stressed by heat, mammals tend to have which of the following?
- Aa decreased body mass relative to body surface area
- Ban increased body mass and increased body surface area
- Ca decreased body mass and increased body surface area
- Dan increased body mass and decreased body surface area
21The ________, dating to approximately 600,000 years ago, is the oldest probable archaic human specimen.
- ADali cranium, found in the Shaanxi Province of China in 1978
- BLake Ndutu skull, found in Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania in 1973
- CBodo cranium, discovered in Ethiopia in 1976
- DKabwe, or Broken Hill, cranium, found in Zambia in 1921
22What is a retromolar gap?
- Athe space in front of the first molar
- Bthe space in front of the last molar
- Cthe space behind the first molar
- Dthe space behind the third molar
23The classic H. erectus traits included all of the following EXCEPT:
- Aa high cranium
- Ba robust mandible
- Ca fairly robust supraorbital torus
- Da receding chin
24The oldest fossils claimed to be contemporary humans, re-dated to about 300,000 years old, are found at:
- Athe Florisbad site in South Africa
- Bthe Omo 1 site in Ethiopia
- Cthe Klasies River mouth site in South Africa
- Dthe Jebel Irhoud site in North Africa
25The mandibular symphysis is:
- Athe point where the retromolar gap contacts the mandible
- Bthe point where the two parts of the mandibular ramus contact one another
- Cthe point where the maxilla and mandible contact one another
- Dthe point where the two halves of the mandible contact one another
26The ________ variant of the Recent African Origin model posits that contemporary humans outcompeted archaic humans in the same environments, until the archaics eventually became extinct.
- Ahybrid
- Breplacement
- Cassimilation
- Dexpansion
27Identify a feature of the Mousterian industry.
- AIt produced tools of a limited size range
- BIt involved complex preparation of stones to make tools
- CIt centered on a disk-core technique
- DIt required tool makers to put a lot of effort to produce good flakes
28Which of the following was NOT true about the Levallois technique of making tools?
- AIt started in Eurasia and spread to Africa
- BIt involved more complex preparation of stones to make tools
- CIt provided higher quality tools
- DIt provided tools that could be refined for a wide variety of uses
29Identify a uniquely contemporary human characteristic.
- Athe supraorbital torus
- Bthe retromolar gap
- Cthe chin
- Dthe ulna
30Postorbital constriction is a condition in which:
- Athe width across the orbits is greater than the width of the area behind them
- Bthe width across the orbits is less than the width of the area behind them
- Cthe width above the orbits is greater than the width of the area below them
- Dthe width below the orbits is greater than the width of the area above them
31Megadontia refers to the characteristic of having ________ than would be expected for body size.
- Alonger upper limbs
- Bwider zygomatic arches
- Clarger postcanine teeth
- Da larger cranium
32The face of A. africanus is:
- Aas prognathic as A. afarensis but less so than P. boisei or P. robustus
- Bas prognathic as P. robustus but less so than P. boisei or A. afarensis
- Cless prognathic than that of P. boisei but more so than A. afarensis or P. robustus
- Dmore prognathic than that of P. boisei or P. robustus but less so than A. afarensis
33The earliest robust hominin fossil is:
- AParanthropus boisei
- BParanthropus aethiopicus
- CAustralopithecus garhi
- DAustralopithecus africanus
34At least two other australopithecine forms, ________, shared areas with Paranthropus during the same time period.
- AAustralopithecus garhi in north Africa and Australopithecus africanus in east Africa
- BAustralopithecus garhi in east Africa and Australopithecus africanus in South Africa
- CAustralopithecus garhi and Australopithecus africanus in both east and South Africa
- DAustralopithecus garhi and Australopithecus africanus in both east and north Africa
35The Pleistocene is:
- Athe epoch dating from 8 to 5 million years ago
- Bthe epoch dating from 5 to 1.8 million years ago
- Cthe epoch dating from 2.3 million to 10,000 years ago
- Dthe epoch dating from 10,000 years ago to the present
36Shovel-shaped incisors:
- Ahave a pitted inner surface
- Bhave a ridge on their inner surface
- Chave a grooved inner surface
- Dhave a flat inner surface
37Homo is best characterized by:
- Abipedal locomotion, large brains, and biocultural evolution
- Blarge tools, bipedal locomotion, and large brains
- Cbipedal locomotion, large tools, and biocultural evolution
- Dbipedal locomotion, large brains, and monogamy
38The ability to use a(n) ________ grip is an important requirement for making tools.
- Afirm
- Bunchangeable
- Cprecision
- Daccurate
39Which of the following is true of Acheulean tools?
- AThey are commonly found at all locations where H. erectus fossils are found
- BAlthough they show up in many (but not all) H. erectus sites from eastern and southern Africa, none have been found at any H. erectus sites outside of the African locales
- CAlthough they show up in many (but not all) H. erectus sites from southern Africa to the British Islands to the Indian sub-continent, so far they have been uncovered at only a few H. erectus sites in eastern and Southeast Asia
- DAlthough they show up in many (but not all) H. erectus sites from southern Africa to the British Islands, so far they have been uncovered at only one H. erectus site in east or Southeast Asia and none on the Indian sub-continent
40Which of the following is NOT true of the robust hominins' habitat?
- AThere was a general global warming trend
- BIt included a broader set of climates and habitats than existed for earlier hominins
- CThere were rapid fluctuations in the global climate
- DIt was a grassland and woodland environment with numerous lakes
41Any fossil evidence of hominins before about 1.8 million years ago is found only in:
- AEurope
- BAsia
- CAfrica
- DNorth America
42A shearing complex is:
- Aa condition in which the upper second premolar is somewhat sharpened or flattened from rubbing against the lower canine as the mouth closes
- Ba condition in which the upper first premolar is somewhat sharpened or flattened from rubbing against the lower canine as the mouth closes
- Ca condition in which the lower second premolar is somewhat sharpened or flattened from rubbing against the upper canine as the mouth closes
- Da condition in which the lower first premolar is somewhat sharpened or flattened from rubbing against the upper canine as the mouth closes
43The Pliocene epoch was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
- Ahigher sea levels
- Ba significant change in the assemblages of animals across different areas of the planet
- Cclimatic changes that led to geological events that affected wide areas
- Da colder climate than the Miocene
44All of the following were true about Piltdown Man EXCEPT:
- Ahe was proven to be a fake in 1953
- Bhe was discovered in England in 1911
- Che was thought to be the missing link between apes and humans
- Dhe had a pronounced chin
45While most of the unique physical traits shared by hominins were developed by about 5 million years ago, the large brain that characterizes modern hominins developed:
- Aless than 10,000 thousand years ago
- Babout 1.5 million years ago
- Cabout 3 million years ago
- Dabout 4 million years ago
46Fossil pollens and other fossil remains associated with the fossil finds of Ardipithecus suggest that it lived in a ________ environment.
- Aforested or grassland
- Bgrassland or savanna
- Csavanna or woodland
- Dwoodland or forested
47Prognathism means that:
- Athe jaw projects beyond the upper parts of the face
- Bthe jaw does not project beyond the upper parts of the face
- Cthe forehead projects beyond the upper parts of the face
- Dthe forehead does not project beyond the upper parts of the face
48Which of the following is NOT a physical trait shared by all hominins?
- Alarge canine teeth
- Ba forward-placed foramen magnum
- Ca dramatically reduced (or no) shearing complex
- Dmodifications in the pelvic girdle and lower limbs
49Bipedality refers to:
- Athe ability to grip objects forcefully with the phalanges of the hand
- Bthe state of having different alleles at both loci for the same gene
- Cthe ability to regulate internal body temperature
- Dthe use of two legs rather than four for locomotion
50Australopithecus afarensis fossils are found in areas that were primarily mixed ________ environments 4 to 3 mya.
- Aforested and grassland
- Bgrassland and savanna
- Csavanna and woodland
- Dwoodland and forested
51The origin of primates seems to be tied to the diversification and radiation of which of the following?
- Ainsects
- Bleafy plants
- Cflowering plants
- Dfruit plants
52Encephalization quotient (EQ) refers to:
- Athe activity of the brain
- Bthe ratio of brain size to body size
- Cthe ratio of arm size to leg size in mammals
- Dthe rate of heart beat
53Fossil forms that meet all of the criteria for a true primate are first found in the ________ epoch.
- AOligocene
- BPaleocene
- CMiocene
- DEocene
54Mammalian traits include:
- Ahomiothermy, a set of specific reproductive patterns, and a set of unique brain structures
- Bheterodontism, a set of specific reproductive patterns, and a set of unique brain structures
- Chomiothermy, heterodontism, a set of specific reproductive patterns, and a set of unique brain structures
- Da set of specific reproductive patterns and a set of unique brain structures
55Which of the following is NOT one of the main hypotheses regarding the evolution of primates?
- Athe arboreal hypothesis
- Bthe foraging hypothesis
- Cthe visual adaptation hypothesis
- Dthe angiosperm radiation hypothesis
56During the Paleocene epoch, Plesiadapiformes:
- Adramatically decreased in numbers
- Bunderwent an adaptive radiation
- Cbecame extinct
- Dwere not in evidence, having become extinct during the Lower epoch of the Cretaceous period
57After the mass extinction event 65 million years ago, ________ underwent an adaptive radiation.
- Athe placentals
- Bthe monotremes
- Cthe marsupials
- Dthe multituberculates
58Which of the following is NOT a chronometric dating technique?
- Afluoroscopy
- Bdendrochronology
- Cpotassium-argon (40K/40Ar)
- Dthermoluminescence
59Sexual dimorphism is a difference between the sexes of a species in:
- Aintellectual growth
- Bthe display of emotion
- Cbody size or shape
- Dthe size of canine teeth
60Which of the following is NOT a relative dating technique?
- Afaunal correlation
- Bfission-track
- Cstratigraphy
- Dfluorine dating
61The term "anthropoid" refers to:
- Amonkeys
- Ball monkeys and apes
- Call monkeys, apes, and humans
- Dall apes and humans
62The ________ of a behavior is the trigger event that initiated the behavior.
- Aproximate stimulus
- Bfunction
- Cphylogeny
- Dontogeny
63A ________ is an area used by a primate group or community.
- Alocus
- Blocal niche
- Chome range
- Dstratum
64The measure of access to desired resources by different individuals relative to one another is called:
- Adominance
- Ba dominance hierarchy
- Ca linear hierarchy
- Dan affiliative hierarchy
65The selfish herd concept means that:
- Athe odds of an individual in a group being detected by a predator increase as the number of other individuals in the group increases
- Bthe odds of an individual in a group being eaten by a predator are reduced by the number of other individuals in the group
- Cthe odds of an individual in a group locating food increase as the number of other individuals in the group increases
- Dthe odds of an individual in a group eating enough food decrease as the number of other individuals in the group increases
66The term "hominin" refers to:
- Aall monkeys
- Ball monkeys and apes
- Call apes and humans
- Dall modern humans and bipedal ancestors
67The act of seeking and processing food is known as:
- Atranscripting
- Bfissioning
- Ccrossing over
- Dforaging
68The sacculated stomachs of the colobines have multiple folds that act as reservoirs for special bacteria that:
- Aserve as immunizing agents against diseases
- Bhelp the colobines digest fruits
- Chelp the colobines digest leafy matter
- DAll of the answers are correct
69All members of the genus Pan are heavily ________, and their lives are substantially affected by seasonality and fruit abundance.
- Afolivorous
- Bfrugivorous
- Cinsectivorous
- Domnivorous
70Acting in a way that has a net loss of energy to the actor and a net benefit in energy to the receiver is known as:
- Aforaging
- Bcrossing over
- Caltruism
- Duniformitarianism
71Convergent evolution occurs when similarities in traits are because of:
- Aa close common ancestry
- Bsimilar genotypic characteristics
- Csimilar adaptations
- Da close evolutionary relationship
72Rapid biological changes in organisms followed by long, relatively static periods during which little biological change occurs is known as:
- Apunctuated equilibrium
- Bspeciation
- Callopatric speciation
- Dphyletic gradualism
73Novel genetic complexes arise only via:
- Avariation
- Bmutation
- Cdeviation
- Dderivation
74________ occurs when a random event alters the allele frequencies in a population such that subsequent generations have allele frequencies different from their parental generations.
- AInbreeding
- BOutbreeding
- CAssortative mating
- DGenetic drift
75________ is seen when species share phenotypic characteristics due to recent common ancestry.
- AConvergent evolution
- BParallel evolution
- CDivergent evolution
- DNatural evolution
76Morphological, temporal, geographic, and inferred ecological similarities are used when attempting to:
- Aclassify biological species
- Bmeasure genetic variations among generations
- Cdecide whether two living organisms belong to the same or different species
- Ddecide whether two paleospecies' fossils belong to the same or different species
77The expanded description of evolution put forward by scientists since Darwin's and Wallace's research is referred to as:
- Athe new evolutionary theory
- Bnew synthesis
- Cthe punctuated equilibrium theory
- Dfitness fusion
78________ consists of small changes over dramatically long periods of time, slowly adding up to significant change and, potentially, speciation.
- APunctuated equilibrium
- BSpeciation
- CAllopatric speciation
- DPhyletic gradualism
79________ involves a separation and isolation of populations of the parent species.
- APunctuated equilibrium
- BSpeciation
- CAllopatric speciation
- DPhyletic gradualism
80The processes of evolution are:
- Astabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection
- Bmutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection
- Cgenetic variation, phenotypic variation, adaptation, and exaptation
- Dnatural selection, directional selection, and stabilizing selection
81________ carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
- AImmature base cells
- BHaploid cells
- CDiploid cells
- DGametes
82Human DNA is grouped onto:
- Amitochondria and chromosomes
- Bchromosomes and autosomes
- C23 chromosomes
- D46 chromosomes
83A genome refers to:
- Aa complete sequence of DNA
- Bthe myriad DNA sequences that make up all the DNA common to a species
- Cthe myriad parts of a single cell that are common to an organism
- Dthe myriad number of cells that make up an organism
84The passing of biological information from generation to generation is called:
- Abiological heredity
- Btransference
- Cgenetic transference
- Dgenetic replication
85The process by which DNA copies itself is known as:
- Areplication
- Bmigration
- Cspeciation
- Dtranslation
86The situation wherein many genes combine to have one effect is called:
- Apaleotropic
- Bpolygenic
- C"one gene-one protein"
- Dpleiotropic
87The study of the increasingly complex interactions that characterize the function and behavior of DNA and all of its associated molecules and chemical patterns is known as:
- Aheredity
- Binheritance
- Cgenomics
- Dgenetics
88Cells that are not yet "earmarked" to become specialized parts of one's body are known as:
- Adeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cells
- Bimmature base cells
- Cembryonic stem cells
- Dfree radicals
89A genotype is said to be ________ when two alleles are different.
- Arecessive
- Bdominant
- Chomozygous
- Dheterozygous
90During ________, maternal and paternal chromosomes that occur in a gamete are shuffled.
- Areplication
- Brecombination
- Cregulation
- Dpermutation
91When we look at an organism's evolutionary relationships, we are examining its:
- Asystology
- Bbiology
- Cmorphology
- Dphylogeny
92Characteristics that are unique to a species are called:
- Aancestral traits
- Bderived traits
- Cshared derived traits
- Dmature traits
93The opening on the bottom of the skull is called:
- Athe foramen magnum
- Bthe temporal bone
- Cthe parietal bone
- Dthe maxilla
94Traits or structures shared by all or most species in a group are called:
- Aancestral traits
- Bderived traits
- Cshared derived traits
- Dmature traits
95A mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food is called:
- Acondyle
- Bchyme
- Csesamoid
- Dalveolus
96When we look at an organism's inner and outer form and structure, we are examining its:
- Asystology
- Bbiology
- Cmorphology
- Dphylogeny
97Blood consists of:
- Aplasma, red blood cells (leukocytes), white blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets
- Bplasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets
- Cplasma, red blood cells (leukocytes), white blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets, and enzymes
- Dplasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets, and enzymes
98The human dental formula is:
- A1223
- B3123
- C2123
- D2132
99Which of the following bones has been implicated in the human ability to produce the complex sounds required for language?
- Athe hyoid bone
- Bthe breastbone
- Cthe scapula
- Dthe scapul
100An animal's ________ consists of its observable and measurable traits.
- Amesotype
- Bphylotype
- Cprototype
- Dphenotype
101Which of the following is NOT a primate?
- Aa human being
- Ba prosimian
- Ca presimian
- Dan ape
102________ is the patterns of behavior we exhibit in our families, relationships, religions, laws, moral codes, songs, art, business, and everyday interactions.
- AEthnography
- BEthnology
- CCulture
- DEvolution
103Which of the following is true of the theory of evolution?
- AIt claims that people are descended from monkeys
- BIt validates the conflict between evolutionary views and religious values
- CIt tries to disprove the Bible
- DIt lies at the heart of anthropology
104The study of the rock and soil layers of the earth is called:
- Astratigraphy
- Bgeology
- Cstrata chronology
- Dmineralogical anthropology
105A ________ is a set of hypotheses that is supported again and again by multiple researchers.
- Atheory
- Bparadigm
- Cfact
- Drobust theory
106Change in response to environmental challenges is called:
- Anatural selection
- Btranscription
- Cadaptation
- Dparallel evolution
107________ is the system of naming and classifying organisms.
- ABinomial nomenclature
- BZoonomia
- CTaxonomy
- DGenus or species
108Carolus Linnaeus developed his system of classification by:
- Ausing a three-name system to identify different forms
- Bgrouping together organisms with similar anatomical structures
- Cfollowing the prevailing notions of a Great Chain of Being
- Dadopting the linear ranking of organisms
109Which of the following best describes the term "niche"?
- Aspecific evolution
- Bspecific adaptation
- Cspecific theory
- Dspecific environment
110The modern geological concept of uniformitarianism refers to the fact that:
- Aspecies' biological traits have been uniform over time
- Bgeological processes at work on the planet are and have been uniform over time
- Cthe geological environment has been uniform since the beginning of time
- Dthe rate at which evolution occurs is uniform
111Which of the evolutionary terms listed below is used to describe the expansion of a single group of organisms into a diverse array of forms?
- Aniche diversification
- BDarwinian expansion
- Cbiological radiation
- Dadaptive radiation
- EPaleozoic explosion
112Approximately 200 million years ago all the earth’s land masses comprised a single supercontinent named:
- APangea
- BAmerasia
- CUzbekistan
- DLaurasia
- ETrumplandia
113From WNFY: Hiccups are a physiological process left over from the breathing pattern that enables ________ to breathe.
- Afish
- Bamphibians
- Cprimates
- Dcows
- Echimpanzees
114Approximately how old is the earth?
- A600 million years
- B4.5 million years
- C3.5 billion years
- D4.5 billion years
- E600 billion years
115As noted in the WNFY article, a common misunderstanding about evolution is the assumption “that it moves towards perfection, with man at the apex of some towering ladder.” Instead, evolution is best described as a process that:
- Acan only occur through intelligent design
- Bexplains the man-as-ideal notion developed by the eugenics movement
- Cboth the choices above
- Dmodifies existing creatures to better compete in ever-shifting environments
- Enone of the above
116The first mammals appeared during the __________ Era.
- AProterozoic
- BPaleozoic
- CMesozoic
- DCenozoic
- EMammazoic
117From WNFY: Which of the following evolutionary trends is related to problems with wisdom teeth in modern humans?
- Arelocation of male gonads
- Breduction of smell receptors
- Cincrease in jaw size
- Dreduction in jaw size
- Enone of the above
118Based on Figure I.5, which species of human ancestor is older than Homo erectus?
- AHomo sapiens
- BAustralopithecus floresiensis
- CParanthropus habilis
- DHomo naledi
- EAustralopithecus africanus
119From WNFY: In humans, the backbone and basic layout of the body reflects our ancestral relationship with ________.
- Afish
- Bamphibians
- Cprimates
- Dcows
- Echimpanzees
120From WNFY: The ability of adult humans to digest milk is dependent on the production of an enzyme known as __________?
- APax-9
- Blactose
- Clactase
- Dflatulenic sugars
- Elipase
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- Quiz on Untitled, created by Hunter Boelhauf on 05/12/2019.
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- Hunter Boelhauf
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