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For Exam Study Only - Unit 10 Assignment: (The Sun)
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Questions in this quiz (40)
1A loop of gas following the magnetic field lines between sunspots' poles is
- Aa coronal hole.
- Ba ray.
- Ca prominence.
- Da flare.
- Ea coronal mass ejection.
2A maximum in the Sun's cycles of both sunspot frequency and solar flare eruptions should next occur in about
- A2027.
- B2019.
- C2023.
- D2017.
- E2015.
3A solar flare is a sudden, violent eruption in the photosphere/chromosphere, that releases a tremendous amount of _______________ away from the solar surface in a very short period as _____________ in the sun's "surface" readjust.
- Ax-rays, magnetic field lines
- Bgamma rays, spicules
- CUV energy, granules
- Dx-rays, granules
- Emagnetic field lines, sunspots
4As the Sun rotates, an individual sunspot can be tracked across its face. From eastern to western limb, this takes about
- A24 days.
- B1 week.
- C30 days.
- Dtwo weeks.
- E30 hours.
5Astronomers estimate that every second the sun produces an amount of energy equivalent to the explosion of about....
- A400 billion 1-megaton nuclear bombs
- B500 million 1-megaton nuclear bombs
- C250 million 1-megaton nuclear bombs
- D100 billion 1-megaton nuclear bombs
6During periods of high solar activity most sunspots are found on the Sun's disk near....
- Athe equator
- Bsolar flare eruption points
- Cthe "tropical" zones
- Dthe poles
- Ethe "temperate" zones
7From inside out, which is in the correct order for the structure of the Sun?
- Acore, radiative zone, convective zone, chromosphere
- Bcore, convective zone, radiative zone, granulation
- Ccore, chromosphere, photosphere
- Dcore, convective zone, radiative zone
- Ecore, photosphere, radiative zone, corona
8Given that a large sunspot, about 100× smaller than the Sun, is about the same size as our planet, how many Earths could fit inside the Sun's vast volume?
- A10,000
- B1,000
- Cone million
- D100,000
- E100
9Granulation is the most obvious proof of solar convective energy transport.
- ATrue
- BFalse
10How long does the sunspot cycle last, on average?
- A365.25 days
- Bbetween 25 and 35 days
- Cabout seven years
- Dabout 11 years
- Eabout 76 years
11In the proton-proton cycle, the helium atom and neutrino have less mass than the original total mass of the hydrogen atoms. What happens to the "lost" mass?
- AIt is ejected into space.
- BConservation of mass dictates no mass can be lost.
- CIt is transformed into electrons.
- DIt is recycled back into hydrogen.
- EIt is converted to energy.
12Inside the Sun, the ____________ transport subsurface material from the Sun's equator to its poles and back at a depth far below the convection zone.
- Apulses of gamma radiation coming from the core
- Bmagnetic field lines
- Cfast rotating plasma streams surrounding the core
- Dexpanding plasma agglomerates
- Econveyor belts
13Prominences are extensions of the solar magnetic fields above sunspots.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14Sunspots
- Aare relatively constant in number every year.
- Btravel over the surface of the Sun from pole to pole.
- Care always found close to the Sun's poles.
- Dcome in pairs, representing the north and south magnetic fields.
- Ewere most numerous during the Maunder Minimum.
15Sunspots are dark splotches on the Sun. Which statement is true?
- AThey are hotter than the surrounding areas of the Sun.
- BThey are extremely cold objects, as cold as Pluto.
- CThey are extremely hot, but cooler than the surrounding areas of the Sun.
- DThey are solid bodies floating on the surface of the Sun.
- EThey are associated with areas of very low magnetic fields.
16Suppose a large flare is detected optically. How long until radio interference arrives?
- Asimultaneously
- B8.5 minutes later
- Cno relation between the two
- Dabout four days
- Eabout 12 hours
17The Sun is actually more luminous at sunspot minimum than at maximum.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18The average density of the Sun is most similar to which object?
- AMercury
- BHalley's Comet's nucleus
- Cthe Earth
- DJupiter
- Ethe Moon
19The critical temperature to initiate the proton-proton cycle in the cores of stars is
- A1.5 million K.
- B10 million K.
- C5,800 K.
- D3 million K.
- E15 million K.
20The most striking example of solar variability was the
- AJoseph's seven lean years in the Old Testament.
- BMaunder Minimum from 1645-1715.
- Cthe fall of Rome.
- DDust Bowl drought of the 1930s.
- ESporer Minimum that doomed the Anasazi.
21The only particle that we can observe that comes to us directly out of the core of the Sun
is the _________.- Apositron
- Bneutron
- Celectron
- Dneutrino
- Eproton
22The outward pressure of hot gas in the Sun
- Ais balanced by the inward gravitational pressure.
- Bis responsible for variations in the sunspot cycle.
- Cis increasing the Sun's diameter.
- Dweakens the magnetic field.
- Eis cooling the photosphere.
23The solar constant refers to that fact that the Sun's luminosity has remained unchanged in the age of the solar system.
- ATrue
- BFalse
24The solar corona is much cooler than the Sun's surface, hence we must wait for a total solar eclipse to glimpse it with the naked eye.
- ATrue
- BFalse
25The solar winds blow outward from
- Aflares.
- Bsunspots.
- Cthe Sun's poles only.
- Dthe entire photosphere.
- Ecoronal holes.
26The solution to the solar neutrino problem was
- Athe Sun's core is cooling down, producing less neutrinos that expected.
- Bthe Earth's ozone layer absorbs 2/3 of the neutrinos in transit.
- Cour solar energy equations were just wrong, and needed much reworking.
- D2/3 of the neutrinos transform into a new type during the 8 minute trip to Earth.
- Ethe corona is opaque to much of the neutrino radiation.
27The speed of light is 3.00 × 10 8 m/s. If 2.00 kg of mass is converted to energy, how much energy will be produced? (Remember, according to Einstein's famous equation, a certain amount of matter is equivalent to a certain amount of energy).
- A1.80 × 1017 J
- B6.00 × 104 J
- C9.00 × 1016 J
- D1.50 × 108 J
- E6.00 × 108 J
28The strongest magnetic fields in the Sun's photosphere lie near ______________.
- Asunspots
- Bthe edges of granules
- Cfaculae
- Dprominences
- Efilaments
29The temperature of the photosphere is about
- A5,800 K.
- Bthree million K.
- C3,200 K.
- Dten million K.
- E11,000 K.
30The two spacecraft constantly observing the Sun are ______________ and ______________ .
- ASOL and HELIOS
- BSOHO and SDO
- CGENESIS and SOL
- DUlysses and Hermes 2
- EMessenger and Solarmax
31Typically a granule in the photosphere is about
- Athe size of Earth, around 12,000 km across.
- Bthe size of a city, 20-30 kilometers across.
- Cas big as Jupiter, around 100,000 km wide.
- Dthe size of our Moon, about 3,000 km across.
- Ethe size of Texas, about 1,000 km across.
32Visible sunspots lie in the
- Achromosphere.
- Bcorona.
- Cradiative zone.
- Dgranulation in the photosphere.
- Etransition zone.
33What is the approximate speed of the charged particles that escape from the sun and make up the solar wind?
- A3500 km/h
- B500 km/s
- C30 km/s
- D600 km/h
34What is the average consistent temperature in the outer parts of the Sun's "corona" (its upper atmosphere)?
- A5800 K
- B1,000,000 K
- C3,000,000 K
- D10,000 K
35What is the meaning of the solar constant?
- Athe fact that the amount of hydrogen turning into helium in the core is fixed
- Bthe fact that features on the Sun appear to never change
- Cthe regularity of the 11 year sunspot cycle
- Dthe stability of the Sun's luminosity for as long as life has existed on Earth
- Ethe amount of energy the Earth receives per unit area and unit time
36What two energy transport mechanisms, in order from outside the core to the surface, are found in the Sun?
- Aradiation, conduction
- Bconvection, conduction
- Cradiation, convection
- Dconduction, radiation
- Econduction, convection
37Which is the net result of the proton-proton chain?
- A4 protons →1 helium 4 + a positron + a neutrino + gamma rays
- B4 protons →1 helium 4 + 2 neutrinos + gamma rays
- C4 protons →2 helium 2 + 2 positrons + ultraviolet radiation
- D2 protons →deuterium + a positron + an antineutrino + X-rays
- E6 protons →2 helium 4 + 3 positrons + 3 neutrinos + gamma rays
38While observing the Sun, you note a large number of sunspots. What can you conclude?
- AThis is a period of low solar activity.
- BThe Sun is less luminous than usual.
- CEarth's climate will be unusually cold.
- DThe Sun's rotation is slower than average.
- ECorrect There are likely to be an above average number of flares and prominences.
39As the Sun rotates, it actually spins on its axis at different rates in different latitude zones. However, if measured along its equator, how long does the Sun take on average to complete 1 rotation?
- A30 days
- B30 hours
- C27 days
- Dtwo weeks
- E24 days
40In 1859, the "Carrington Event" occurred - the debris from one of the most powerful solar flares ever recorded collided with the Earth's atmosphere. What happened here on Earth as a result?
- AThere was a spike in the occurrences of skin cancer and record accounts of crop failure due to a depletion in the Earth's protective ozone layer.
- BInduced charge sparked large forest fires in Australia, Russia and Northern Quebec.
- CThe average global atmospheric temperature dropped by 5 degrees for almost half a year ("the Year Without a Summer").
- DTelegraph systems across North America and Europe were overloaded with electric charge and were burnt out or crippled.
- EA record number of hurricanes resulted that year along the southern U.S. coast, resulting in a large loss of life and devastating damage to properties.
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- Quiz on For Exam Study Only - Unit 10 Assignment: (The Sun), created by Nya Niel on 16/12/2019.
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