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ESYS 102: Midterm 2

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Quiz on ESYS 102: Midterm 2, created by Sylas Eckhart on 16/02/2020.
Sylas Eckhart
Quiz by Sylas Eckhart, updated more than 1 year ago
Sylas Eckhart
Created by Sylas Eckhart about 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is permafrost?
Answer
  • Permanently frosty water surface
  • ground frozen for 2 or more years
  • a seasonal event: whenever the temperature drops below 0C
  • a stabilizing refrigeration technique for oil exploration at high latitudes

Question 2

Question
What causes glaciers to flow?
Answer
  • magnetism
  • centripetal force
  • tectonic force
  • gravity
  • geothermal heat

Question 3

Question
90% of Earthquake's epicenters located at
Answer
  • the center of tectonic plates
  • tectonic plate boundaries

Question 4

Question
Which of the following is NOT true of P-waves?
Answer
  • Result from compression of material in direction of travel
  • Travel the fastest, first wave to be recorded on a seismograph
  • Similar to sound waves
  • Travel through solids only

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is NOT a line of evidence for the theory of plate tectonics?
Answer
  • fossil/assemblages across oceans
  • seismic waves
  • continental fit
  • glacial striation at low latitudes (today)
  • paleographic reconstructions

Question 6

Question
Deep earthquakes form at which type of boundary
Answer
  • convergent
  • divergent
  • transform
  • none of the above

Question 7

Question
Metamorphic rocks can result due to what processes?
Answer
  • exposure to high temperature
  • exposure to water
  • exposure to high pressure
  • exposure to chemically active fluids

Question 8

Question
Fracture zones occur as a result of which type of boundary
Answer
  • tectonic
  • divergent
  • transform
  • none of these

Question 9

Question
The photosynthetic rate and atmospheric temperature feedback is:
Answer
  • positive
  • negative

Question 10

Question
Rank the size of terrestrial carbon cycle reservoir: 1st [blank_start]-[blank_end] 2nd [blank_start]-[blank_end] 3rd [blank_start]-[blank_end] 4th [blank_start]-[blank_end]
Answer
  • Sedimentary Rocks
  • Soil and Sediments
  • Plants
  • Consumers
  • Metamorphic Rocks
  • Passive Margins

Question 11

Question
Weathering of sedimentary rocks formed from organic matter
Answer
  • ultimately returns CO2 to the atmosphere
  • ensues oxidation
  • is a fast process

Question 12

Question
Match with the appropriate depth: Crust [blank_start]-[blank_end] Asthenosphere [blank_start]-[blank_end] Mantle [blank_start]-[blank_end] Outer Core [blank_start]-[blank_end] Inner Core [blank_start]-[blank_end]
Answer
  • 5-100km
  • 100-200km
  • 200-3,000 km
  • 3,000–5,000 km
  • 5,000–6,000 km
  • 7,000-10,000 km
  • 1,000-5,000 km
  • 50-5,000km
  • 4,000-10,00km
  • 200-700km

Question 13

Question
Complete the table
Image:
Screen+Shot+2020 02 22+At+1.19.50+Pm (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • basalt
  • Granite
  • Metamorphic Rock
  • Sedimentary Rock
  • Carbon
  • Lead
  • 2.9g/cm3
  • 4.0g/cm3
  • 5.7g/cm3
  • 2.7g/cm3
  • 10.4g/cm3
  • 1.5g/cm3
  • 7-10km
  • 25-70km
  • <200 million years
  • >4 billion years

Question 14

Question
The accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter is the definition of which astronomical process?
Answer
  • aggregation
  • accretion
  • condensation
  • none of the above

Question 15

Question
During the formation of the moon, the iron core of the impactor was incorporated into the Earth's core
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
The group of elements and chemical compounds with low boiling points that are associated with a planet's or moon's crust or atmosphere are:
Answer
  • refractory substances
  • water, methane, and ammonia
  • volatiles

Question 17

Question
Complete the table
Image:
Img 0008 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • fastest
  • second fastest
  • third fastest
  • slowest
  • Solid & liquid
  • Solid only
  • Earth's Surface
  • Pushes & Pulls
  • shear
  • Up and down, forward and back
  • side to side

Question 18

Question
The core is predominantly composed of
Answer
  • carbon
  • nickel
  • granite
  • hydrogen
  • iron
  • silver

Question 19

Question
The geomagnetic field is generated by
Answer
  • solar radiation
  • moon's gravitation pull
  • greenhouse gases
  • convection in the core
  • deep ocean currents
  • diverging plate boundaries

Question 20

Question
Magnetic stripes on the ocean floor are evidence of:
Answer
  • carbon cycling
  • magnetic field reversal
  • earthquakes
  • transforming plate boundaries
  • diverging plate boundaries
  • converging plate boundaries
  • carbon dating
  • Potassium & Argon dating

Question 21

Question
The crust closest to the divergent plate boundary will be [blank_start]newer,[blank_end] where the crust further away will be [blank_start]older[blank_end].
Answer
  • younger
  • older
  • younger
  • older

Question 22

Question
Which of the following are true due to paleomagnetism
Answer
  • Rocks at the equator will have a low angle
  • Rocks at the equator will form quicker
  • can determine the distance from the equator
  • steep angle at the poles

Question 23

Question
Ablation at the surface is a leading cause of mass loss in which ice sheet?
Answer
  • Antarctica
  • Greenland

Question 24

Question
The photosynthetic rate and atmospheric carbon dioxide feedback is
Answer
  • negative
  • positive

Question 25

Question
The carbon 13 and carbon 12 isotopic ratio is used to
Answer
  • determine the sulfur content of fossils
  • estimate atmospheric oxygen levels in the past
  • estimate rate of carbon burial in the past
  • determine the age of bones in your body

Question 26

Question
Which statement is TRUE about the origin of life on Earth
Answer
  • life could not have been delivered from outside of the Earth as there is no evidence for organic compounds from space
  • the origin of life could not have occurred at 100 degrees C as it is too hot for any kind of life to survive.
  • Theory and experiments demonstrate that organic compounds can be created from inorganic compounds via a chemical reaction.
  • the earliest life on the earth was probably some small plants

Question 27

Question
Which of the following are types of geologic evidence used to study the rise of atmospheric O2
Answer
  • paleosols
  • detritral pyrite
  • banded iron formations
  • detrital uranium
  • all of the above

Question 28

Question
Complete the residence time formula [blank_start]Reservoir size[blank_end] __________________ [blank_start]output (or input)[blank_end]
Answer
  • Reservoir size
  • output (or input)

Question 29

Question
Complete the equation for ocean acidification: [blank_start]CO2[blank_end] + [blank_start]H20[blank_end] ↔ [blank_start]H2CO3[blank_end] ↔ [blank_start]HCO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]H+[blank_end] ↔[blank_start]CO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]2H+[blank_end]
Answer
  • CO2
  • H20
  • H2CO3
  • HCO3
  • H+
  • CO3
  • 2H+

Question 30

Question
Which of the following are used to calculate carbon flux?
Answer
  • Respiration
  • photosynthesis
  • burial
  • radioactive isotopes
  • magnetic strips
  • decay
  • weathering
  • oxygen minimum zone
  • Coriolis effect

Question 31

Question
Which was the first oxygenic photosynthetic organism was the
Answer
  • eukaryote
  • cyanobacteria
  • hematite
  • methanogens
  • single-celled fungi

Question 32

Question
Label the rock cycle
Image:
Img 0019 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Igneous Rocks
  • Sediments
  • Sedimentary Rocks
  • Metamorphic Rocks

Question 33

Question
Complete the equation for silicate weathering [blank_start]CaSiO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]2H20[blank_end] + [blank_start]2CO2[blank_end] ↔ [blank_start]Ca[blank_end] + [blank_start]2HCO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]SiO2[blank_end] + [blank_start]H20[blank_end]
Answer
  • CaSiO3
  • 2H20
  • 2CO2
  • Ca
  • 2HCO3
  • SiO2
  • H20

Question 34

Question
Carbonate precipitation [blank_start]Ca[blank_end] + [blank_start]2HCO3[blank_end] ↔ [blank_start]CaCO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]H2O[blank_end] + [blank_start]CO2[blank_end]
Answer
  • Ca
  • 2HCO3
  • CaCO3
  • H2O
  • CO2

Question 35

Question
Complete the buffer reaction: [blank_start]CO2[blank_end] + [blank_start]CO3[blank_end] + [blank_start]H2O[blank_end] ↔ [blank_start]2HCO3[blank_end] A buffer reaction will cause a [blank_start]not net change[blank_end] in pH in the ocean.
Answer
  • CO2
  • CO3
  • H2O
  • 2HCO3
  • no net change
  • positive change
  • negative change
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