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Genetics and Evolution 2
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Questions in this quiz (30)
1The Donner Party Disaster and First Gulf War are two examples of kin selection in real life
- ATrue
- BFalse
2Define 'relatedness'
- Ahow close you are to your family
- Breproductive success of a particular gene
- Chow many genes on average are shared
3What is (William) Hamilton's rule?
- ArB>C
- BBr>c
- Cr>Bc
4What is the correct translation of Hamilton's rule (rB>C)?
- Ar = relatedness, B = benefit to recipient of act, C = cost of performing act
- Br = relatedness, B = benefit to person doing act, C = cost on genes
- Cr = rule, B = benefit to recipient of act, C = cost to recipient
5Examples of kin recognition:
- ADeBruine (2002) -> showed PPs images of people and asked if they would help. FOUND THAT... PPs more likely to trust others that had been manipulated to look like them
- BOates + Wilson (2002) -> sent PPs emails asking for help, sender of email sometimes shared surname. FOUND THAT... PPs more likely to help if shared surname (even more so if surname was rare).
- CFieldman et al (2001) -> PPs carried out painful task and told who cash would go to (duration of task positively correlated with amount of cash). FOUND THAT... high relatedness = high duration.
- DDonner Party Disaster -> those who survived had more family with them
6Parental-offspring conflict = offspring want maximum parental care but parents want to share this equality, leads to conflict
- ATrue
- BFalse
7Select all answers that detail conflict in the womb:
- Amother has 50% stake in the foetus, foetus has 100% stake
- Bevolved mechanisms that detect abnormalities in foetuses
- CHaig (1993) -> foetus produces hcG = implants foetus in womb due to no periods
- Dhigh blood pressure in women = high demand for blood by foetus
- Ereduced parental care
- Ffoetus eats too much food
- Gpregnancy takes a toll on women
8Parental rivalry includes reduced parental care and extra pair offspring
- ATrue
- BFalse
9What is important for males to do?
- AAvoid being cuckolded and investing care in non-genetic offspring
- BHave a lot of sex
- CRecognise cues of genetic relatedness
- DCompete with others
10How do men recognise cues of genetic relatedness?
- AInfo about partner/infidelity
- BTime spent away
- CTime spent with other men
- DPhysical and psychological resemblance with offspring
- EHow pretty woman is
- FNumber of offspring
- GPhysiological cues
11Daly & Wilson (1982) found that mothers are 4x more likely to say that baby looked like father than the father did
- ATrue
- BFalse
12The theory of sibling rivalry is that siblings compete for their father's attention
- ATrue
- BFalse
13The theory of sibling rivalry is that they are rivals for parental investment
- ATrue
- BFalse
14What are examples of sibling rivalry in the animal world?
- AChicks throw siblings out of the nest in order to gain resources & members of litter obtain more milk
- BMammals push other mammals out of the way
- CChicks throw siblings out of the nest in order to gain resources & mothers give more resources to strongest child
15Humans have evolved an adaptive response to avoid inbreeding due to poor quality offspring
- ATrue
- BFalse
16What chance does inbreeding increase?
- Aboth parents will have dangerous alleles and pass it on
- Bthe offspring will be disabled
- Cone parent will have dangerous alleles and pass it on
17The Cinderella effect is that non genetic children get more help
- ATrue
- BFalse
18The Cinderella effect is that non genetic children get less help
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Who studied the Cinderella effect?
- ADaly & Wilson (1985)
- BHill & Kaplan (1988)
- CFlinn (1988)
- DHaig (1993)
- ESmith, Kish & Crawford (1987)
20What are the examples of evolutionary psychology mechanisms?
- AAggression, empathy, phobias
- BAggression, kin selection, phobias
- CEmpathy, aggression, shopping
21What are the 2 evolutionary psychology principles?
- ABrain is modular - different processes function independently
- BMind is adapted to solve problems of hunter-gatherer ancestors
- CWe ensure hierarchy and status
- DAvoidance of dangerous animals
- EBrain is singular
22The methods of testing evolutionary psychology are comparisons between different species, cultures and genders, and genetics
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Define 'reciprocal altruism' (Trivers, 1971)
- Ahow cooperation may have worked between unrelated people
- Breproductive success of a particular gene
- Chow people cooperate within their social groups
24Prisoner's dilemma shows altruism, prisoners can either cooperate or defect
- ATrue
- BFalse
25What is the method of tit for tat?
- A1) cooperate on first move
2) do what partner did on previous move
3) leads to continuing cooperation
4) will also punish cheats by defecting on them
5) forgive a cheater if they reconcile - B1) cooperate on first move
2) cooperate on second move
3) leads to continuing cooperation
4) will also punish cheats by defecting on them
5) forgive a cheater if they reconcile - C1) defect on first move
2) do what partner did on previous move
3) leads to continuing cooperation
4) will also punish cheats by defecting on them
5) forgive a cheater if they reconcile
- A1) cooperate on first move
26When a social construct is used in the Watson Selection Task (cheater detection), people tend to do worse
- ATrue
- BFalse
27What are 3 evaluations of evolutionary psychology?
- APanadaptation
- BReductionist
- CJustification of immoral behaviour
- DHelping improves mood
- EIndirect reciprocity
- FAggression
28What assumptions does the standard social science model make?
- Apeople are born as blank slates, culture is an autonomous force, behaviour is shaped by social and cultural learning
- Bpeople are born as blank slates, there are culture differences, behaviour is shaped by social learning
- Cculture is an autonomous force, behaviour is shaped by social and cultural learning
29Vampire bats regurgitating food for those who have not eaten (Wilkinson, 1984) is an example of reciprocal altruism
- ATrue
- BFalse
30What is Occam's Razor?
- ASimplest explanation = best
- BWe only understand what we are told
- CMost complicated explanation = best
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- Degree Genes to Mind Quiz on Genetics and Evolution 2, created by Megan Nattress on 01/04/2015.
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- Megan Nattress
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- English
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