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PSYO2090 - Section 2
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Questions in this quiz (51)
1Methods of estimating heritability include
- Afamily studies, twin studies, and adoption studies
- Bsibling, parent-child, and grandparent-child studies
- Cstudies of monozygotic twins raised together and apart, and dizygotic twins aised together and apart
- Dthe assessment of quantitative reasoning, fluid reasoning, visual spatial processing, general knowledge, and working memory
- Esubtests of verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed
- Fnone of the above
2___________ created the original IQ equation ____________________ to calculate numerical value of intelligence
- ABinet; Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
- BSimon; Chronological Age/ Mental Age x 100
- CStern; Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100
- DWeschler; based on normal curve
- EBinet and Simon; Mental Age/Mental Age + Chronological Age x 100
- FGalton; [Chronological Age/100 + Mental Age/100] x 100
3The original purpose of the intelligence test was
- Ato show that differences in intelligence result from the power of nature over nurture
- Bto show that eminence ran in families and, therefore, supported evolutionary theory
- Cto identify children in the French school system who re falling behind and would benefit from additional instruction
- Dto predict a child's academic and professional future
- Eto show that physiological measures, such as reaction time, could accurately identify high achievers
- Fthe basis for Galton's views on eugenics
4Which of the following is/are factors to explain the consistently lower IQ scores among minority children
- APoorer access to nutrition, medical care, and educational resources among minority children
- Bminority children are more likely to live in poverty
- CEthnic differences in parents' beliefs and attitudes about education
- DIQ instruments have an inherent cultural bias favouring Caucasian children
- EAll of the above
- FA and B
5Which of the following is false?
- AThe heritability IQ is fixed characteristic of a trait that decreases with age
- BResearch shows that a combination of several risk factors, including absent fathers and authoritarian parenting, is associated with a decline in IQ
- CIn families where parents emphasized intellectual acceleration and consistent discipline, the children's IQ increased
- DThe Carolina Abecedarian Project showed that at age 21, there was a measurable IQ difference between the intervention and control groups
- EIn families where parents made little effort to contribute to the child's intellectual development, IQ decreased
- FA study showed that educational programming until age 3 showed neither gains in IQ nor improved academic achievement
6Which of the following statements is most true about the habitability statistic?
- AIf there heritability statistic for autism is 0.80, that means that 80% of autism is caused by genes and 20% by environment, but only within the population
- BIf there heritability statistic for autism is 0.70, that means that people who have autism run in their family have a 70% chance of giving birth to a child with autism
- CIf there heritability statistic for autism is 0.80, that means that 80% of autism is caused by genes and 20% by environment, but only within each individual
- DIf there heritability statistic for autism is 0.70, and the heritability statistic for ADHD is 0.40, that means that ADHD is more responsive to treatment than autism
- EThe heritability statistic is unable to give any information about how malleable a trait is
- FThe heritability statistic measures the proportion of a given trait that is attributes to genes
7If a species of lizard lives primarily on tree trunks, which of the following is true about how they will evolve over time?
- AThey are likely to evolve a brown colour to blend in with their environment and this adaptation will lead to a higher heritability statistic for colour
- BThe adaptation for colour will not be inherited but will be solely a product of environment
- CThey are likely to evolve a brown colour to blend in with their environment and this adaptation will lead to a heritability statistic of 1.0 for colour
- DThey are likely continue to show a variety of colours, which helps the species adapt to the variety of environments it might experience
- EThey are likely to evolve a brown colour to blend in with their environment and this adaptation will lead to a 0.50 heritability statistic for colour
- FThey are likely to evolve a brown colour to blend in with their environment and this adaptation will lead to a lower heritability statistic for colour
8Rohan takes an intelligence test in Grade 3 and scores in the exceptionally intelligent range. Which of the following statements best describes his future prospects?
- AWill likely get very bored with school and drop out before finishing high school
- Bwill most likely be quite successful in school and his future
- Cimpossible to have any idea because IQ tests are completely invalid
- Dwill struggle to find school and his teachers interesting
- Ewill be very successful as long as his environment provides him proper support
- Fwill be very successful no matter what
9The fallacy of exclusive determinism is
- Athe false belief amongst creationists that, excluding humans, all species are determined by their genes
- Bour tendency to look for the most obvious factor as being the cause of any effect
- Cour genetic predisposition to look for one underlying cause for any effect
- Da statistical method for determining the strongest cause of any effect
- Ethe belief that anything that precedes an event will be somehow related to the cause
- Four strong intuition that there is only one single cause for any effect
10Learning to read is a(n)
- Aexperience-dependant learning process
- Bexperience-expectant learning process
- Cobligate adaptation
- Dfacultative adaptation
- Especies-typical learning process
- Fspecies-atypical learning process
11What assumption made by classical conditioning researchers did Garcia's work find to be false?
- Athe unconditioned stimulus assumption
- Bthe conditioned stimulus assumption
- Cthe equal associations assumption
- Dthe aversion learning assumption
- Ethe prepared learning assumption
- FA and B
12Who introduced the distinction made in the following comment?
"The phrase 'nature and nurture' is a convenient jingle of words, for it separates under two distinct heads the innumerable elements of which personality is composed. Nature is all that man brings with himself into the world; nurture is every influence without that affects him after his birth."- ACharles Darwin
- BKonrad Lorenz
- CE. O. Wilson
- DFrancis Galton
- EAlfred Binet
- FDavid Weschler
13How does the young infant not become overwhelmed by incoming sensory stimuli?
- AThe infant does become overwhelmed - the world of the young is a 'booming, bussing confusion'
- Bthe infant only pays attention to intermodal events that occur very closely in time, allowing her to make the most basic of associations and build on them
- Cinfants fosus on information that is most developmentally relevant to them, such as faces
- Dinfants orient to stimuli that will have an adaptive value to them in the long run
- EC and D
- FB, C, and D
14Hubel and Wiesel's experiments are good examples of
- Asyntactic pruning
- Bsynaptogenesis
- Cthe plasticity in the brain
- Dthe inflexibility of the brain
- Eocular dominating columns
- FA and C
15Which of the following statements about the findings of DeCasper and Spence is most true?
- ANewborn babies preferred to hear their mother's voice over a stranger's, but there was no indication that they had learned the story read to them in the womb
- BNewborn babies preferred to hear the story that had been read to them in the womb, even if it was read to them by a stranger's and a new story was read by their mother
- CNewborn babies preferred to hear a new story than the one that was read to them in the womb; they had grown bored with the womb story
- DNewborn babies preferred to hear the story read to them in the womb over a new story, but only if the learned story was read by their mothers
- ENewborns showed no clear preference
- FNewborns preferred to hear the story read to them in the womb in their mother's voice and a new story by a stranger
16We know that fetuses show a preference for sweet things because
- Afetuses drink more amniotic fluid if it is sweetened; we know this because the amniotic fluid was dyed and it showed up in the mother's urine
- Bbabies show a preference for sugar water over lemon water at birth
- Cfetuses drink more amniotic fluid if it is sweetened; we know this because mothers lose weight
- Dfetuses smile when fed sweetened amniotic fluid, but grimace when the amniotic fluid is flavoured with lemon
- EBoth B and D
- FBoth B and C
17Which of the following statements most true about the development of colour vision?
- ANewborn is unable to discriminate any colours
- BThe newborn is able to discriminate green and red, but no other colours; however, they will see colour fairly similarly to adult by one year of age
- CNewborn is born with colour vision similar to adult's
- DNewborn is able to discriminate green and red, but no other colours; however they will see colour fairly similarly to adult by four months
- EThe newborn is able to discriminate basic colours, but cannot discriminate between subtle differences in hue
- FNewborm is able to discriminate primary colours but not secondary colours
18Which of the following statements best describes the findings of face processing in children born with cataracts?
- AThese children were able to recognize faces just as well as a typically developing group, but had difficulty matching facial expressions
- BThese children were able to process faces in a holistic manner as long as their cataracts were removed before six months
- CThese children were able to process faces in a completely typical manner as long as their cataracts were removed by one year
- DThe children born with cataracts demonstrated a sleeper effect when it came to holistic face processing
- EThese children were able to process faces in a holistic manner, since holistic processing does not begin to develop until six years and all of them had their cataracts removed before then
- FA and C
19Which of the following arguments does your textbook make to illustrate why a strictly empiricist view of perception is not feasible?
- AThere are too many stimuli out in the world to make associations between
- Bin order to learn that certain stimuli are dangerous, the infant would have to experience the danger first, and this is not evolutionarily advantageous
- CThe stimuli that we experience are experienced so differently from a strictly sensory point of view
- DA and B
- EB and C
- FA and C
20Gibson and Walk's research tested not only children, but also
- Akids, rats and cats
- Blambs, turtles, and dogs
- Cchicks, pigs, and cats
- Dall of the above
- Ecats only
- Fnone of the above
21Newborns' sense of smell
- Ais not very well developed at birth but within a few weeks infants show preferences for their own mother's breast milk
- Bis well developed at birth; after several days they prefer the smell of their own mother's breast milk to a stranger's
- Cis well developed at birth; after a few hours they prefer the smell of their own mother's breast milk to a stranger's
- Dis well developed at birth; infants who are not breast fed will prefer the smell of formula and those who are breast fed will prefer the smell of bret milk
- Eis not very well developed at birth, and takes several months to develop sufficiently for researchers to test it
- FA and C
22Imagine you buy a shirt in a store with fluorescent lighting and you love the colour, but don't outside. This is because
- Acolour constancy only works for natural items that were present in the EEA - we didn't wear shirts back then!
- Bnatural light and artificial light are such completely different wavelengths that our brain can't calculate the differences
- Ccolour constancy only works in variations of natural light or variations of artificial light - it does not work access artificial to natural
- Dour visual system is designed to create colour constancy in natural light only
- Ethe brightness constancy effect interferes with the colour constancy effect when looking at artificial fabrics
- FB and D
23Which of the following statements about ocular dominance columns is NOT true?
- Aif an organism is raised in a species-typical environment, there will be roughly the same number of left and right columns
- BHubel and Wiesel won the Nobel Prize for their work on ocular dominance columns
- Cif a kitten is deprived of input to the left eye from birth, all of the columns will develop to serve the right eye
- DOcular dominance columns are present from birth
- EOcular dominance columns do not form because new connections grow between the retina and the visual cortex
- FColumns for the left eye and the right eye alternate
24The examples given in the textbook of individuals who had their sight restored in adulthood demonstrate that
- Aindividuals who have their sight restored after a long period of time are very happy to be able to see again, even if they can't see the way we do
- Bthere are critical periods for many aspects of visual development
- Conce past a certain point in development, individuals are no longer able to see at all
- Dif an individual is given a period of sight in early development, all of those early abilities will return
- Eindividuals who have their sight restored are able to see colour and identify simple objects, but they are not able to perceive motion
- Fnone of the above is true
25Which of the following statements about the prototype view of categories is NOT true?
- APrototypical members of a category are the members that we come into contact with most frequently
- BEleanor Rosch was the first person to talk about the prototype view of categories
- CPrototypical members of a category have a lot of the same features as other members of the category
- DNon-prototypical members of a category share features with other categories
- EPrototypical members of a category are likely the ones we think of first when asked to think about a member of a category
- FB and C
26Suppose you gave children a bunch of nonsense animals to categorize. Which of the following would be especially useful for them to remember?
- Ainformation about what the personality characteristics of the animals wer
- Binformation about the functional reasons for the physical characteristics of the animals
- Cinformation about the evolutionary reasons for the mental characteristics of the animals
- Dinformation about what the physical characteristics of the animal were
- Enone of the above
- Fc and d
27According to Piaget, if you show an 8 year child ten blue flowers and four red flowers, and then ask the child if there are more blue flowers or more flowers, the child will respond
- A"there are fewer red flowers"
- B'i have no idea'
- C'there are 14 red and blue flowers'
- D'there are more blue flowers'
- E'there are more blue flowers than red flowers'
- F'there are more flowers'
28When we are conversing with others, adults tend to use the ____________ category level word; the first words in children's speech are generally ___________ category level words?
- Abasic; basic
- Bsubordinate; basic
- Csuperordinate; subordinate
- Dbasic; superordinate
- Esubordinate; superordinate
- Fsuperordinate; basic
29Quinn and Eimas showed that 3- and 4-month-olds have a category of "cat" by using which experimental paradigm?
- Aresearchers habituated them to pictures of cats, then examines their dishabituation to other animal categories
- Bresearchers used preferential looking to show that infants of this age prefer cats to dogs
- Cresearchers habituated them to pictures of cats, then examines their dishabituation to new pictures of cats
- Dresearchers used preferential looking to show that infants of this age prefer dogs to cats
- Eresearchers showed pictures of cats and the infants looked longer at the cats who barked rather than meowed
- Fresearchers showed pictures of dogs and the infants looked longer at the dogs who meowed rather than barked
30Natural kinds seem like they are categories that truly exist in the world because
- AA) they are so perceptually similar
- BB) we are taught information about them from the day we are born
- CC) we are instinct blind
- DD) they are real categories that exist in the world
- EE) it is hard for us to see that our minds are very well prepared to perceive them
- FC and E
31Which of the following statements is most true about essences?
- AAll natural kinds and artifacts have an essence that exists in the worl
- BAll natural kinds, but not artifacts, have an essence that exists in the worl
- Cessences exist only in our minds, not in real world
- Dall artifacts, but not natural kinds, have an essence that exists in the world
- Eall natural kinds have an essence that derive from the identity of the object and determine its properties
- Fnone of the above
32According to Rutherford, categories are grouped together based on
- Afunctional similarity
- Bideal categories
- Cperceptual similarity
- Dpsychological similarity
- Econceptual similarity
- Fsubjective function
33If you believe that infants of a certain age have a category of 'furniture', which of the following pieces of evidence would be the best one to support your claim?
- ABy using preferential looking, you show that infants prefer to look at pictures of animals over pictures of furniture
- BBy using violation of expectation paradigm, you show that infants are surprised when animals are sitting on tables
- CAfter habituating infants of this age to multiple pictures of chairs and tables, they dishabituate to a picture of a car
- DAfter habituating infants of this age to multiple pictures of chairs and tables, they dishabituate to a picture of a couch
- EAfter habituating infants of this age to multiple pictures of chairs and tables, they do not dishabituate to a picture of a couch
- FBy using preferential looking, you show that infants prefer to look at pictures of furniture over pictures of animals
34According to the classic view of categories
- Ait is always possible to determine whether or not an item belongs to a certain category
- Bevery member of a category is an equally "good" member
- Cthere is no ambiguity about whether something is a category member or not
- Dthere is a list of necessary and sufficient features to define a category
- Eall of the above
- Fc and d
35Which of the following statements is most true about our concepts of predators and prey?
- AChildren form concepts of predators and prey early in life; there are clear physical characteristics that distinguish these animals
- BChildren form the concepts of predators and prey early in life, probably because these concepts were important in the EEA
- CChildren form the concepts of predators and prey early in life but only if they live in the country or experience these relationships for themselves
- DChildren only need to see one instance of predator hunting its prey to form the categories
- Echildren are born with the concepts of predator and prey
- Fnature determines that we fear harmful things like predators
36Which of the following statements is most true about the evolutionary perspective of categories?
- AA) We have evolved brain structures that notice similarities within categories that are actually there in the world
- BB) Similarity is in the mind of the beholder
- CC) We have evolved brain structures that allow us to build categories of importance to us in the EEA
- DD) None of the above
- EE) A and B
- FF) B and C
37If we plant a handful of seeds in tightly controlled environment and all grow to be tall, the heritability of height is 100 per cent
- ATrue
- BFalse
38Vy comparing differences across households between people who have the same genome and those with different genomes, one can estimate the contribution of variance in genes and environment to the variance across the population as a whole
- ATrue
- BFalse
39the most common test of intelligence used today are the Stanford-Binet tests
- ATrue
- BFalse
40the heritability statistic was first proposed by Darwin
- ATrue
- BFalse
41exclusive determinism refers to our uniquely human ability to determine the cause of an event
- ATrue
- BFalse
42By one month of age infants examine faces in the same manner as adults
- ATrue
- BFalse
43a piece of coal in direct sunlight reflects far less light onto our retina than a white piece of paper does in interior lighting conditions
- ATrue
- BFalse
44If you look at a kangaroo close to you and another that is quite a distance away, the two will project similar sized images on your retina, but you will have no trouble seeing them as differently sized objects
- ATrue
- BFalse
45Visual cortex cells that respond preferentially to horizontal lines are called simple cells; complex cells might respond to a line that is in motion in a particular direction
- ATrue
- BFalse
46Sidney Bradford became blind at 10 months of age, but when he regained his sight at 52, he was unable to see three dimensional depictions in art or the optical illusion known as the Necker cube
- ATrue
- BFalse
47We perceive colours on the spectrum categorically; this means that we implicitly classify perceptual stimuli into discrete sets in spite of lack of physical discount in the stimuli
- ATrue
- BFalse
48the classical view of categories, held by Wittgenstein and Locke, holds that a category can be defined by a list of necessary and sufficient conditions
- ATrue
- BFalse
49Adults' categories are functional, meaning they allow people to behave in ways that confer a survival and hence reproductive advantage
- ATrue
- BFalse
50Gelman and Markman found that children's responses were perceptually driven; they did not make inference based on category membership
- ATrue
- BFalse
51Rosch describes basic categories as the categories in which exemplars are the most similar to each other and most disimilar to exemplars of other categories
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- PSYO2090 - Developmental Psych Quiz on PSYO2090 - Section 2, created by allison-amber on 18/04/2015.
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- allison-amber
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