Chapter 8 quiz ENSCI

1. 1The Coriolis effect results from:

   1. Arising and falling air pressure on different parts of the Earth’s surface.
   2. Bthe Earth's rotation.
   3. Cthe prevailing winds.
   4. Dheating of the Earth near the equator and cooling near the poles
2. 2Ecosystem services performed by the atmosphere include protecting the Earth’s surface from ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and cosmic rays.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
3. 3Sources of air pollution includes all of the following EXCEPT:
   

   1. Asmoke from forest fires
   2. Bexhaust from tailpipes of cars
   3. Cgases released during volcanic eruptions
   4. Dno exceptions, all of the above are sources of air Pollution.
4. 4Automobiles and trucks are NOT an important source of which of the following air pollutants?

   1. ACarbon Dioxide
   2. BHydrocarbons
   3. CNitrogen Oxides
   4. DSulfur Oxides
5. 5What is industrial smog?
   

   1. AIt is only formed by reactions involving sunlight and nitrous oxides and hydrocarbons released from automobile exhaust.
   2. BIt is formed from sulfur oxides and particulate matter released from combustion of heating oil and coal.
   3. CIt is formed by reactions between CFCs from industrial processes and ice crystals in the upper atmosphere.
   4. DIt is formed when secondary pollutants such as ozone combine with primary pollutants such as hydrocarbons in cold winter temperatures.
6. 6Why is photochemical smog typically worse in the summer?

   1. AThere is more solar energy to drive photochemical reactions.
   2. BPeople tend to travel more in the summer.
   3. CTemperature inversions and heat domes drive photochemical reactions.
   4. DWarm temperatures prevent the dissipation of pollutants.
7. 7Why is industrial smog usually worse in the winter?
   

   1. ACold temperatures prevent the dissipation of pollutants.
   2. BHeat domes form, holding pollutants close to the ground.
   3. CPollutants react with ice crystals, forming ozone.
   4. DCombustion of household fuels is higher
8. 8Based on climate data from Mount Hua in China, scientists have established the following link between air pollution and precipitation patterns:

   1. AHigh visibility—that is, low levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.
   2. BLow visibility – that is, higher levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.
   3. CThe type of air pollution determines the amount of precipitation.
   4. DA combination of the type of air pollution and surface temperatures determines the amount of precipitation
9. 9Urban heat islands affect local air current and weather conditions including:
   1. increased number of thunderstorms over cities in summer months
   2. lingering dust domes over cities
   3. stronger natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes

   1. A1 only
   2. B2 only
   3. C3 only
   4. DBoth 1 and 2
10. 10Comparing the two images below -- the difference in emissions between the two plants below is MOST LIKELY due to:

    1. Aa reduction in the combustion temperature of the fuel used.
    2. Bconversion to solar energy as the energy source.
    3. Cthe use of a catalytic converter to reduce carbon monoxide emissions.
    4. Dthe use of an electrostatic precipitator to remove particulates.

11. 11What has been the major success of the Clean Air Act?
    

    1. AHigher fuel efficiencies in cars and power plants.
    2. BAn increased focus on alternative sustainable energy sources.
    3. CSignificant decreases in emissions of nitrogen oxides.
    4. DSignificantly less air pollution
12. 12Photochemical smog is a brownish orange haze formed by chemical reactions involving sunlight, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons.
    
    

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
13. 13One common health consequence of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, and ozone is:
    

    1. AThey are responsible for global warming related illness.
    2. BThey irritate the eyes and skin.
    3. CThey irritate the respiratory tract and aggravate respiratory illness such as asthma.
    4. DThey reduce the blood’s ability to transport oxygen.
14. 14The figure below shows how temperatures might vary on a summer afternoon over different types of landscapes. What explains the higher temperatures over the city?
    

    1. AThermal inversions
    2. BHeat Island
    3. CDust Domes
    4. DPhotochemical Smog
15. 15Electrostatic precipitators use electrical charges to attract and track what pollutants?

    1. AOzone.
    2. BParticulates.
    3. CSulfur Oxides.
    4. DNitrogen Oxides
16. 16All of the following about particulate air pollution is true EXCEPT:
    

    1. AParticulate matter includes both primary air pollutants such as soot and lead, as well as secondary air pollutants such as sulfuric acid.
    2. BUrban areas receive less sunlight than rural areas, partly as a result of greater quantities of particulate matter in the air in urban settings.
    3. CMicroscopic particles are less dangerous than larger particles as trace amounts of hundreds of different chemicals bind to the larger particles and inhaling these particles introduces the chemicals, some of them toxic, deep into the lungs.
    4. DThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) samples microscopic particulate matter at 1,000 locations around the United States because its composition varies with location and season.
17. 17Ozone is considered a secondary air pollutant because it:
    
    

    1. Ais in the upper atmosphere.
    2. Bis formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
    3. Cresults in higher rates of skin cancer.
    4. Dresults in asthma and other ling diseases.
18. 18Why did lead pollution decrease significantly after the creation of the Clean Air Act?

    1. ALead is now removed from coal before it is used as fuel.
    2. BElectrostatic precipitators mandated by the Clean Air Act have greatly decreased the amount of lead being emitted from smokestacks.
    3. CCatalytic converters in cars gr eatly reduce the amount of lead emitted.
    4. DLeaded gasoline was outlawed.
19. 19Based on a 2008 ruling by the US Supreme Court, the pollutant that the US EPA must now regulate under the Clean Air Act is:

    1. ACarbon Monoxide
    2. BCarbon Dioxide
    3. CCFCs
    4. DOzone
20. 20Part of the reason air quality was so poor in Chattanooga, Tennessee in the 1960s was that
    

    1. Athere was a much higher concentration of cars than in other cities.
    2. Bthe city is surrounded by mountains that kept pollutants from dispersing.
    3. Cthe city is in close proximity to coal mining operations.
    4. Dthere was a greater amount of pollutants due to the city’s chemical and oil refineries.

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Quiz on Chapter 8 quiz ENSCI, created by maelani duong on 19/10/2020.

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