Exam-Chapter 3

1. 1Which of the following clauses in the Constitution gives Congress the authority to make whatever laws are “necessary and proper” in order to execute its enumerated powers?

   1. Acommerce clause
   2. Belastic clause
   3. Csupremacy clause
   4. Dtake care clause
2. 2Suppose that Congress was considering a law that would unify pollution regulations across all 50 states. The justification for this would be that pollution is a collective-action problem, so the federal government is in the best position to address it. By contrast, what might be the main advantage of leaving this legislation at the state level?

   1. AEach polluter is based in a particular state, so it is best to let local officials regulate them.
   2. BFederal regulations could not be effective in curbing pollution.
   3. CState residents could then choose the level of pollution regulation that best suits their residents.
   4. DThe states are better able to solve collective-action problems than the federal government.
3. 3Which of the following laws gave the United States Department of Justice the power to oversee elections in southern states?

   1. ACivil Rights Act of 1964
   2. BVoting Rights Act of 1965
   3. CCivil Rights Act of 1968
   4. DRehabilitation Act of 1973
4. 4Which of the following is an example of intergovernmentalism failure?

   1. Athe Department of Homeland Security providing training for New York City police officers
   2. BWashington state having a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum wage
   3. Ca national welfare reform modeled after successful initiatives in Michigan and Wisconsin
   4. Dthe federal and state governments’ response to the damage from Hurricane Katrina
5. 5Which of the following was a reason the framers of the Constitution created a federal system of government?

   1. AThey thought splitting power across multiple levels of government would prevent tyranny.
   2. BThey thought having separate but equal branches of government would enhance the legislative process.
   3. CThey wanted to concentrate power into a central authority to prevent rival factions from taking control.
   4. DThey wanted to keep all power in the hands of the states.
6. 6
   In New York City, a single executive is popularly elected and appoints people to head administrative departments. What form of city government is this?

   1. ADillon’s Rule
   2. Bcouncil-manager
   3. Cmayoral
   4. Dspecial district
7. 7What is dual federalism?

   1. Aa political system in which both levels of government—national and state—are active in nearly all areas of policy and share sovereign authority
   2. Ba political system in which each level of government—national and state—is sovereign in its own sphere of policy authority
   3. Ca political system with multiple levels of government, in which lower-level governments retain full sovereignty
   4. Da political system in which multiple levels of government are active in a given policy area
8. 8Which of the following is the best example of a national-level policy serving as a response to a collective-action dilemma among states?

   1. ACalifornia’s adoption of emissions standards that are stricter than federal regulations provide for
   2. Bconstructing the interstate highway system
   3. Cfederal programs to alleviate poverty
   4. Dthe establishment of national parks within various states
9. 9
   The cases of Baker v. Carr (1962) and Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) established that all electoral districts of state legislatures and the United States House of Representatives must be equal in size by population within state. What was an immediate consequence of these rulings?

   1. Aa dramatic decrease in the size of state legislatures
   2. Ba dramatic increase in cities’ representation in Congress and the state legislatures
   3. Cthe elimination of strategic district construction, or gerrymandering
   4. Dfederal oversight of elections in southern states
10. 10Which best describes federalism as a political system?

    1. AA board of governors oversees policy on monetary matters independently from other governmental institutions.
    2. BThe national government holds ultimate authority over all areas of policy and over the actions of subunit governments.
    3. CThere are multiple levels of government, and each level has independent authority over some important policy areas.
    4. DThere are multiple levels of government, and the lower-level governments retain full sovereignty and cannot be compelled to act by the national government.

11. 11If you were to rank Brazil, Canada, and the United States in order, from the federation giving the most autonomy to subunit governments to the federation having the strongest national government, how would they be ordered?

    1. ACanada (strongest subunit government), United States, Brazil (strongest national government)
    2. BUnited States (strongest subunit government), Canada, Brazil (strongest national government
    3. CBrazil (strongest subunit government), United States, Canada (strongest national government)
    4. DUnited States (strongest subunit government), Brazil, Canada (strongest national government)
12. 12During which period of time was federal power centralized, expanded, and solidified more than any other period in American history?

    1. AProgressive Era (1896-1913)
    2. BNew Deal Era (1933-1952)
    3. CGreat Society Era (1964-1977)
    4. Dmodern era (1990s-present)
13. 13Which of the following is an example of a ballot initiative?

    1. Aa public vote in the general election on whether to overturn a new tax enacted by the state legislature
    2. Ba public vote to remove the governor from office for misconduct
    3. Ca group of citizens proposing a law legalizing marijuana, which the public then votes on in an election
    4. Da state legislature adopting a minimum wage that is higher than the federally mandated wage
14. 14Which of the following programs is the best example of intergovernmentalism?

    1. Aassessing property taxes, which is done only by local authorities
    2. Benforcing the Clean Air Act, which is the responsibility of both state authorities and the federal Environmental Protection Agency
    3. Cfor a local-level official, such as a mayor, to be elected to federal office, such as Congress
    4. DSocial Security, which is administered by the federal Social Security Administration
15. 15The cases of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) established what legal precedent?

    1. Athat Congress had overstepped its bounds in the enforcement of interstate commerce
    2. Bthat Congress had the right to levy a federal income tax
    3. Cthat the southern states had violated the Fourteenth Amendment with segregation laws
    4. Dthat the national government has wide latitude to regulate commercial activity, even within the states
16. 16Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments?

    1. AAll persons, including former slaves, count equally for purposes of representation.
    2. BAll eligible citizens, regardless of color, are to be guaranteed the right to vote.
    3. CNo state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property.
    4. DPowers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states.
17. 17The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) offers Community Development grants, which provide states and local governments with funding to address an extensive range of community development needs. These federal grants have a general purpose but provide communities with considerable freedom in how the money is spent. Community Development grants are an example of which type of grant?

    1. Ablock grant
    2. Bcategorical grant
    3. Cgrant-in-aid
    4. Drevenue sharing
18. 18Which of the following systems of government concentrates the most power at the national level?

    1. Aconfederation
    2. Bfederation
    3. Cmeritocracy
    4. Dunitary system
19. 19Suppose the citizens of a tri-city area need public transit to move across city lines. To handle this, they create a new jurisdiction that collects taxes from everyone in the area and operates bus lines throughout the area. How would this new jurisdiction best be described?

    1. Acommission system
    2. Bhome rule
    3. Cspecial district
    4. Dunitary system
20. 20Which of the following Supreme Court cases represents a centralization of federal power (a strengthening of the national government) as opposed to a decentralization of federal power (a strengthening of state sovereignty and power)?

    1. AGibbons v. Ogden (1824)
    2. BUnited States v. Lopez (1995)
    3. CNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012)
    4. DShelby County v. Holder (2013)

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Undergraduate American National Gov't Quiz on Exam-Chapter 3, created by Briana M. on 07/02/2021.

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