Orthopedic surgery NAVLE MEMORY

1. 1 - The stages of wound healing include (inflammation, debridement, repair/granuation, epithelialization, contraction, and maturation)
   
   what is debridement and repair?

   1. Adebridement(removal of dead/necrotic tissue)
      
      repair or granulation(macrophages remove debris/ release cytokines--inflammatory proteins to controle immune cells & RBC release)
   2. Bdebridement (response to growth factors to start repication/migration of epithelial cells, sebaceous glands, keratinocytes, hair follicles, or islands of epidermis across the skin surface)
      
      repair(reduces tissue size by dec amount of wound damage using myofibroblasts--a connective tissue type that seretes collagen proteins to maintain structure of tissue) and
2. 2• - The stages of wound healing include (inflammation, debridement, repair/granuation, epithelialization, contraction, and maturation)
   what is epithelialization and contraction?

   1. Aepitheialization is when macrophages remove debris/ release cytokines--inflammatory proteins to controle immune cells & RBC release)
      
      contraction(reduces tissue size by dec amount of wound damage using myofibroblasts--a connective tissue type that seretes collagen proteins to maintain structure of tissue)
   2. Bepithelialization(response to growth factors to start repication/migration of epithelial cells, sebaceous glands, keratinocytes, hair follicles, or islands of epidermis across the skin surface)
      
      contraction(reduces tissue size by dec amount of wound damage using myofibroblasts--a connective tissue type that seretes collagen proteins to maintain structure of tissue) and
3. 3Remember ****** Testicles descend by 7-8 months in cats or 6 months in dogs as early as 2-6 mo. Sertoli cell tumors in cryptorchid are due to estrogen versus leydig cell tumors that 99%
   
   IF • - The stages of wound healing include (inflammation, debridement, repair/granuation, epithelialization, contraction, and maturation)
   whats maturation?

   1. Amaturation(when collagen is remodeled from type3 to type 1, and wound fully closes, and other remaining cells are removed via apoptosis--programmed cell death). **** the lag phase of wound healing is 3-5 days post surgery and is mostly seen where surgical dehiscence happens.
   2. Bmaturation is a response to growth factors to start repication/migration of epithelial cells, sebaceous glands, keratinocytes, hair follicles, or islands of epidermis across the skin surface)
4. 4What is • - Virchow's Triad

   1. Ablood flow stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury.
   2. Bmuscle tendon, lingual facial vein, vertical ramus of the mandible
5. 5• -SALTER haris fracture--
   STRAIGHT through the physes,
   ABOVE the physes,
   BELOW the physes or epiphyses,
   THROUGH the metaphysis and,
   complete ERASURE of physes(compressive)

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
6. 6if • - Tendonitis is seen with Shifting leg lameness, are changes in the nutrient foramen, degeneration of adipocytes and bone marrow and fibroblastic / osteoblastic activity TX self-limiting, nsaids for pain control
   
   WHICH IS TRUE OF CERCLAGE WIRE

   1. A• 2 min are used for long oblique fracures provide compression rotation.
   2. Bare the strongest to resist bending with large enough pins that can resist Shear like interlocking nails
7. 7If • -cerclage wire is where 2 min are used for long oblique fracures provide compression rotation.
   
   what are intermedullary pins for?

   1. Aare the strongest to resist bending with large enough pins that can resist Shear like interlocking nails
   2. Bused for countering bending, rotation and axial compression.
8. 8If • - interlocking nails are used for countering bending, rotation and axial compression. What are lag screws for

   1. Adon't provide good strength or withstand loading while pain and tension and fixation convert tension and bending into compressive forces these are good for avulsion fractures
   2. Bare on compression of transverse fractures and neutralization for fractures that are comminuted
9. 9_______are on compression of transverse fractures and neutralization for fractures that are comminuted

   1. Abone plates
   2. Blag screws
10. 10• - C-section is closed with a _______pattern like a Cushing', Lambert, or vtretch.

    1. Ainverting
    2. Bappositional

11. 11• - Cranial cruciate ligament disease(HINDLEG) truly a traumatic cranial cruciate ligament tear you see an _______, ______ in the patellar tendon, a ______, and _______ in chronic cases, _______. Treated with tibial osteotomy/ TTA, tplo or extra scapular suture stabilization

    1. Aabnormal sit test
       joint effusion
       positive cranial drawer
       medial buttress
       meniscal clicks/ crepitus
    2. Bonly abnormal sit test
       joint effusion
12. 12• - Patellar luxation(HINDLEG) this is the second developmental disease mostly in small breeds, bilateral medial luxation is most common, traumatic causes are the most common. You see _______. Diagnosed with cranial caudal view for displaced patella and secondary osteoarthritis grades 1 and 2 don't require surgery, grades 3/4 do, & surgery early is better with tibial tuberosity, transposition trochleoplasty or in cats of the Devon Rex, Abyssinian & DSH w/ genetic MPLs

    1. Ahopping on 1 or 2 legs
    2. Brear leg lameness
13. 13• - Slipped femoral capital epiphysis(HINDLEG) is seen in >1 year old MN cats they have bilateral pain, inability to climb. Diagnosed w/ ventral dorsal hip extended X-ray and treated with femoral head and neck excision or total hip replacement(salter haris type 1)

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
14. 14• - hip dysplasia or laxity of the hip joint(HINDLEG dz) permitting sublux in early life leading to shallow acetabulum, flattened femoral head AKA osteoarthritis. You see a _________. Diagnose w. ortolani / Barlow's test. Also X-rays and ventral dorsal hip extended View you will see osteophytes on the cranial caudal acetabular margin. OFA founded 1961 but this is a subjective test that scores versus the PennHip that requires sedation to assess risk of osteoarthritis in life. Tx. W. femoral head and neck excision or total hip replacement

    1. Ashort stiff gait, bunny hopping, and decreased range of motion on extension
    2. Bmeniscal clicks, medial buttress, joint effusion
15. 15localized to the FORELIMB________ is thickened articular cartilages, poor diffusion of nutrients from synovial fluid and necrosis at the part of the thick cartilage and separation of calcified and noncalcified cartilage which leads to a flat or joint Mouse and also due to Rapid growth in large breeds with unilateral forelimb lameness that improves with rest you will see pain on shoulder flexion
    

    1. A• - Osteochondritis dissecans
    2. BHOD
16. 16Localized to the FORELIMB _______ is due to vitamin C deficiency or nutritional deficiency hereditary, in rapidly growing giant breed puppies you will see it at 2 to 8 months with lameness and anorexia depression, fever, systemic illness and a double physeal line on x-rays, widened physes, extraperiosteal cuffing.Treated supportively with analgesics and antibiotics
    

    1. A• - Osteochondritis dissecans
    2. B• - HOD
17. 17• - A delayed Union is

    1. A> 12 to 16 weeks due to excess motion, decreased blood flow Supply or increased fracture Gap
    2. Bhas no healing regardless of the time from an inadequate environment
18. 18
    • - a non-union has

    1. Aan abnormal position from inappropriate reduction or no surgery instrumentation
    2. Bhas no healing regardless of the time from an inadequate environment
19. 19
    • - Mal-Union is

    1. Ahealing in an abnormal position from inappropriate reduction or no surgery instrumentation
    2. B> 12 to 16 weeks due to excess motion, decreased blood flow Supply or increased fracture Gap
20. 20WHAT IS VIBORGS TRIANGLE VERSIS VIRCHOWS TRIAD

    1. A• -Viborgs triangle includes the sternocephalicus muscle tendon, lingual facial vein, vertical ramus of the mandible VS •
       
       - Virchow's Triad: blood flow stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury.
    2. B• -Virchows triad includes the sternocephalicus muscle tendon, lingual facial vein, vertical ramus of the mandible VS • - viborgs triangle: blood flow stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury.
21. 21 • - Mammary tumors in dogs before their first heat is ___% and in the first and second heat it's 8% with the second Heat to 2.5 years increasing the_____% of developing mammary tumors versus cats that have an 80 to 90% malignancy compared to dogs who have a 50% malignancy. TX potentially with doxorubicin

    1. A0.5%
       26% after 2.5yrs
    2. B50%
       75%
22. 22• - Histiocytic colitis / granulomatous boxer colitis treated with enroflox/ Baytril at 10mg/kg po q24hrs for 8 wks. Dx w. Biopsies, scope, tissue culture

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
23. 23•- dehydration : less than 5% is not detectable, 5 to 6% you see subtle loss and skin tent, 6 to 8 % there's ________, increase in CRT, dry MM and ____ the skin stays in place, patient has weak pulses, and cold extremities. With 10 to 15% dehydration death is imminent

    1. Adelayed skin tent
       10-12%
    2. Bincreased skin tent
       15-20%

Description

College of Veterinary Medicine Navle Quiz on Orthopedic surgery NAVLE MEMORY, created by Ruby Gamez (AZ AZCVM 21) on 25/04/2021.

Author

Ruby Gamez (AZ AZCVM 21)

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English

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