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1[blank_start]Sensor[blank_end] is a device that senses or measures a real world
condition such as physical contact, motion, heat or
light, and converts the impulses into analog or
digital representation- ASensor
2- [blank_start]biosensor[blank_end] as
a compact analytical device incorporating a biological
or biologically derived sensing element either
integrated within or intimately associated with a
[blank_start]physicochemical[blank_end] transducer.
- [blank_start]Biosensor[blank_end]
is an analytical device which
converts a biological response into an electrical signal- Abiosensor
- BBiosensor
- Cphysicochemical
3Made up of three basic parts :
- [blank_start]Biosensing[blank_end] (the sensing or biorecognition element)
- [blank_start]Transducer[blank_end] or signal conversion
- [blank_start]signal processing elements[blank_end]- ABiosensing
- BTransducer
- Csignal processing elements
4[blank_start]Transducer[blank_end]
Converts an observed change (physical or chemical)
into a measurable signal, usually an electronic
signal whose magnitude is proportional to the
concentration of a specific chemical or set of
chemicals
Types:
optical, electro chemical,
thermometric and magnetic devices- ATransducer
5[blank_start]Amperometric[blank_end] and [blank_start]potentiometric[blank_end] transducers are the
most commonly used electrochemical transducers- AAmperometric
- Bpotentiometric
6Most electrodes are made of metals like platinum gold,
sliver, and stainless steel, or carbon based materials
that are [blank_start]inert[blank_end] at the potentials at which the
electrochemical reaction takes place- Ainert
7Potentiometric transducers measure the potential of
electrochemical cells with very [blank_start]low[blank_end] current- Alow
8Types of optical transducers
- [blank_start]Fiber optic[blank_end] probes on the tip of which enzyme
and dyes (often fluorescent) have been co
immobilized are used.
- [blank_start]Surface plasmon resonance[blank_end] transducers, which
measure minute changes in refractive index at and
near the surface of the sensing element have been
proposed- AFiber optic
- BSurface plasmon resonance
9[blank_start]Electroacoustic devices[blank_end] used in biosensors are
based on the detection of a change of mass
density, elastic, electric, or dielectric properties of
a membrane made of chemically interactive
materials in contact with a [blank_start]piezoelectric material.[blank_end]- AElectroacoustic devices
- Bpiezoelectric material.
10[blank_start]Calorimetric[blank_end] transducers measure the heat of a
biochemical reaction at the sensing element- ACalorimetric
11from the methods of Immobilisation (coupling between bio- sensing element and transducer):
- [blank_start]Adsorption[blank_end]: interactions between the bioreceptor and its support which is not charged causing low energy bond- AAdsorption
12[blank_start]Inclusion[blank_end]:
- incorporate the bioreceptor in a
gel form polymer.
- the bioreceptor is [blank_start]not therefore directly[blank_end] bound to the substrate
- easy to implement allows a homogeneous distribution of the bioreceptor throughout the gel but it may cause damage to
biological structures.
- mainly used to immobilize [blank_start]whole cells[blank_end] or [blank_start]subcellular fractions[blank_end] (goz2 kamel mn 2lcell)- AInclusion
- Bwhole cells
- Csubcellular fractions
- Dnot therefore directly
13[blank_start]Confinement[blank_end]
- bioreceptor remains in solution inside a compartment bounded
by a semi permeable membrane which only allows
through small molecules.
- bioreceptor thus remains in solution within a
microcompartment of volume in the μ L range or less,
bounded by the membrane- AConfinement
14[blank_start]Crosslinking[blank_end]:
- use of bifunctional agents such as [blank_start]glutaraldehyde[blank_end] CHO ––(CH 2 3 CHO provides a way of crosslinking enzyme molecules one to another or
co crosslinking them in the presence of an inactive protein (serum albumin or gelatine)
- used to increase the stability of
enzyme substrate complexes obtained by
adsorption or inclusion- ACrosslinking
- Bglutaraldehyde
15Properties of Biosensors:
- [blank_start]specificity[blank_end]
- [blank_start]sensitivity towards the target analyte[blank_end]- Aspecificity
- Bsensitivity towards the target analyte
16[blank_start]Specificity[blank_end]
- It is the ability to discriminate between different
substrates
- entirely governed by the
properties of the [blank_start]biological component[blank_end] because this is
where the analyte interacts with the sensor- ASpecificity
- Bbiological component
17The sensitivity of the integrated device is
dependent on both the [blank_start]biological component[blank_end] and
the [blank_start]transducer[blank_end]- Abiological component
- Btransducer
18catalytic biosensors:
- The most commonly used biological components in
catalytic biosensors are [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end]- Aenzymes
19enzyme based biosensors
- The sensitivity of enzyme based biosensors is directly dependent
on the [blank_start]maximum limiting affinity[blank_end] underlying [blank_start]enzyme substrate complication[blank_end] and the [blank_start]rate of subsequent transformation[blank_end]
- Enzyme immobilization techniques, such as [blank_start]adsorption[blank_end], [blank_start]crosslinking[blank_end] and [blank_start]covalent bonding[blank_end]- Amaximum limiting affinity
- Benzyme substrate complication
- Crate of subsequent transformation
- Dadsorption
- Ecrosslinking
- Fcovalent bonding
20The most commercially successful biosensors are
[blank_start]amperometric glucose[blank_end] biosensors- Aamperometric glucose
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- Description
- Quiz on Untitled, created by Manar Sherbeny on 17/05/2021.
- Author
- Manar Sherbeny
- Language
- English
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- History
- Created on 17 May 2021 · updated on 18 May 2021
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