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Cycle 1 & 2

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Health and Physical Education Quiz on Cycle 1 & 2, created by Katrin Vang on 27/06/2021.
Katrin Vang
Quiz by Katrin Vang, updated more than 1 year ago
Katrin Vang
Created by Katrin Vang almost 3 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is true about sarcomeres?
Answer
  • Extend from M to M line
  • The major protein of Z line sarcomeres is myosin
  • ContainsZline+1⁄2 Iband+Aband+1⁄2Iband+Zline
  • The major protein of the Z line of sacromere is creatines kinase

Question 2

Question
What is true about skeletal muscle?
Answer
  • T-tubuls are absent
  • Caveolas and gap junctions can be occasionally present
  • Actin-myosin binding is triggered by interaction of Ca2+ with troponin subunit C
  • Concentration triggered at motor end plate
  • Formed by structures called fibers
  • Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated by muscle neurons

Question 3

Question
What is true about perimysium?
Answer
  • It does not contain any blood vessels
  • It surrounds every single muscle fiber
  • It surrounds the whole muscle
  • It contains blood vessels
  • It surrounds a bundle of fibers

Question 4

Question
Which statement about skeletal muscle are correct?
Answer
  • Regeneration of skeletal muscles directly depends on amount of calcium ions
  • There are no sarcomeres in fibers
  • Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons
  • Are formed by structures called fibers

Question 5

Question
Which pair is correctly paired?
Answer
  • Simple cuboidal – lining ducts of most glands
  • Transitional – urinary bladder
  • Simple squamous – epidermis of skin

Question 6

Question
Which statement regarding nodal cilia is true?
Answer
  • Are associated with gastrulation
  • Are found in the embryo
  • Are arranged into 9 + 10 pattern
  • Are associated with rotational movement

Question 7

Question
In which type of junction occluding and claudin are characteristic and prominent?
Answer
  • These proteins are not associated with cell junctions
  • Nexus
  • Zonal occludens
  • Zonula adherens

Question 8

Question
What is true about mesenchyme?
Answer
  • Is called 4th germ layer
  • Is located between the mesenchyme and endoderm
  • Is located in mesoderm
  • Is one of three germ layers
  • Is located between the ectoderm and endoderm
  • Is derived from mesoderm

Question 9

Question
What is true about mesoderm?
Answer
  • Is one of the three germ layers
  • Is derived from mesenchyme
  • Is called 4th germ layer
  • Appears only during the prenatal life
  • Is located between the mesenchyme and endoderm
  • Is located above the ectoderm

Question 10

Question
What is true about so somitogenesis?
Answer
  • It happens before the initiation of neurolation
  • This is the process of segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm
  • Is regulated by the so-called segmentation and wave model
  • It occurs after the intitation of neurulation
  • It starts at the beginning of the 3rd week of prenatal life
  • It begins at the beginning of the 3rd month of prenatal life

Question 11

Question
Which statement regarding apical surface`s modification is correct?
Answer
  • Tight junction
  • Glycocalix
  • Goblet cell
  • Villus

Question 12

Question
Which of GAGs is/are characteristic for cartilage?
Answer
  • Keratin sulfate
  • Osteonectin
  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Dermatologist sulfate

Question 13

Question
What is true sclerotome?
Answer
  • Contains only epithelial like cells
  • Is derived from ventro-medial somite cells
  • Scelerotome gives rise to mesoderm
  • Contains secondary mesenchyme cells

Question 14

Question
What is true about somites?
Answer
  • They are blocks (segment) of the paraxial mesoderm
  • They are symmetrical structures
  • They are blocks (segment) of the lateral mesoderm
  • They are blocks (segment) of the visceral mesoderm

Question 15

Question
Which sentence/sentences is/are true?
Answer
  • Osteoclasts possess of the receptor for calcitonin
  • Inner fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells
  • The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes
  • Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Question 16

Question
Which feature regarding hyaline cartilage is correct?
Answer
  • Chondrocytes are grouped in isogenic groups
  • It is covered by perichondrium
  • Perichondrium is composed of two layers
  • Hyaline cartilage is highly vascularized

Question 17

Question
Which of the statements about woven bone is/are true?
Answer
  • Physiologically can be found in compact mature bone
  • Can be found in insertions of some tendon
  • In adult present in place of fracture repair
  • Possess lamellae

Question 18

Question
Which of the phrase/phrases concerning the perichondrium is/are true?
Answer
  • Is formed by collagen type II
  • Is responsible for appositional growth of cartilage
  • Acts protective for cartilage
  • Contains Sharpey fibers

Question 19

Question
Which cells of connective tissue promote the allergenic reactions?
Answer
  • Fibrocytes
  • Histiocytes
  • Fat cells
  • Mast cells

Question 20

Question
Which statement regarding connective tissue (CT) proper is true?
Answer
  • Is divided into loose and dense CTs
  • Collagen contains unusual amino acids desmosine and indodesmosine
  • Chondroblasts are main population of cells in the tissue
  • Transient cells of connective tissue are e.g fibroblasts

Question 21

Question
Which statement regarding adipose tissue is true?
Answer
  • There are two types, white uniocular and brown multilocular
  • Multiocular is rich in the human adult
  • Leptin is secretory product of white adipocytes
  • Brown adipose tissue changes into yellow one

Question 22

Question
What is the characteristic function of mast cells?
Answer
  • The surface contain receptor for IgE
  • Influence permeability of blood vessels
  • Participate in process of wound healing
  • Storing of chemical mediators in granules

Question 23

Question
What type of tissue is a tendon?
Answer
  • Mucus tissue
  • Dense irregular tissue
  • Dense regular elastic tissue
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Dense regular collagenous tissue

Question 24

Question
Which statement about holocrine glands is true?
Answer
  • Its example is sebaceous gland
  • The cells are often surrounded by myoepithelial cells
  • It’s example is mammary gland
  • The product of the cell is released with its apical part

Question 25

Question
Which of the sentence/s about cartilage is/are true?
Answer
  • Is avascular (without blood vessels) tissue
  • Ventral ends of the ribs are formed by hyaline cartilage
  • Ventral ends of the ribs are formed by fibrocartilage
  • Chondrogenic cells are the stem cells for chondroblasts
  • Epiphyseal plates are the hyaline cartilage structures needed for long bones growth
  • Hyaline cartilage form the temporal skeleton
  • Is well vascularized

Question 26

Question
Is it true that osteogenesis?
Answer
  • Is the bone development process
  • During intramembranous ossification the epiphyseal cartilages are formed
  • It could be said that bony collar formation is a kind of intramembranous ossification
  • Could happen thanks intramembranous ossification

Question 27

Question
Which sentence/s is/are true?
Answer
  • Haversian Canal is located in the periphery of the osteon
  • Inner fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells
  • The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes
  • Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Question 28

Question
Which of the phrase/s concerning osteoclasts are true?
Answer
  • Arises from monocytes
  • Produces cathepsin K
  • Pumping protons into resorption cavity of bone
  • Its projections form ruffled border
  • To its differentiation need RANKI

Question 29

Question
Which statement regarding connective tissue (CT) proper is true?
Answer
  • Is divided into loose and dense CTs
  • Fibroblasts can be differentiated into histiocytes
  • Cells of embryonic mesenchymal CT produce type I collagen fibers

Question 30

Question
What is the characteristic function of mast cells?
Answer
  • Influence permeability of blood vessels
  • Their histamine acts as an anticoagulant
  • Synthesis of IgE
  • They can produce elastic fibers
  • The surface contains receptors for IgE
  • Storing chemical mediators in granules

Question 31

Question
Which features are characteristic for multilocular adipose tissue?
Answer
  • In humans the tissue is important mainly in the first postnatal life
  • In human newborn the multilocular adipose tissue constitutes 50% of the body weight
  • One, large lipid droplet
  • Many, lipid droplets

Question 32

Question
Which type of tissue is tendon?
Answer
  • Tissue that consists of collagen type 1
  • Mucous tissue
  • Dense irregular tissue
  • Dense regular collagenous tissue

Question 33

Question
Which statement regarding synthesis of collagen fibers are correct?
Answer
  • Hydroxylation of proline and lysine is within extracellular environment
  • Glycosylation of hydroxylysine is within extracellular environment
  • Procollagen is precursor for tropocollagen
  • Hydroxylation of proline and lysine is within intracellular environment
  • Co-factors; O2, Fe, vit. C are needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine

Question 34

Question
What is true about somites?
Answer
  • They develop from the cranial towards the caudal region
  • They are blocks (segments) of the paraxial mesoderm
  • None of them disappear
  • They appear between the 20th and 35th day of prenatal life

Question 35

Question
What is true about the dermatome?
Answer
  • Is a structure located closer to the ectoderm in developing embryo
  • It will soon contribute to the development of the skeletal muscles
  • Dermatome progenitors together with cells from the lateral mesoderm will form an epidermis
  • Dermatome cells are differentiated from dermomyotome
  • Is the structure located closer to the neural tube in embryo
  • Dermatome progenitors together with cells from the lateral mesoderm will form a dermis
  • Dermatome cells are differentiated from myotome

Question 36

Question
What is true about perimysium?
Answer
  • It surrounds every single muscle fiber
  • It surrounds the whole muscle
  • It does not contain any blood vessels
  • It contains blood vessels
  • It surrounds a bundle of fibers

Question 37

Question
What is true about sarcomeres?
Answer
  • Contains Z line + 1/2 I band + A band + ½ I band + Z line
  • Are typical for smooth muscle
  • In smooth muscle sarcomeres are arranged in myofibrils
  • Are present only in smooth muscles

Question 38

Question
Which statements about skeletal muscles are correct?
Answer
  • Skeletal muscles contain diads
  • Sarcomeres is a segment of myofibril between two Z lines.
  • Dark stained band is called the I band
  • Are formed by structures called fibers
  • Actin-myosin binding is triggered by interaction of Ca2+ with troponin subunit C
  • Phosphorylation of MLCK is responsible for binding actin and myosin
  • T-tubules are present in the center of the triads
  • T-tubules are absent

Question 39

Question
What is true about the dermamyotome?
Answer
  • It is a ventro-medial part of the somite
  • Is also called lateral mesoderm
  • It is a dorsolateral part of the somite
  • Its cells can’t migrate

Question 40

Question
What is true about skeletal muscle contraction?
Answer
  • During the skeletal muscles contraction sarkomeres retain their original length
  • During the skeletal muscles contraction energy is released from ATP
  • During the skeletal muscles contraction calcium ions bind to the calmodulin
  • To trigger a muscle contraction, calcium has to bind to myosin in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

Question 41

Question
Which statement regarding glands is correct?
Answer
  • Goblet cell is a unicellular gland
  • Holocrine is sebaceous gland
  • Salivary glands are always seromucous
  • Exocrine derive from the epithelium

Question 42

Question
Which features are typical for epithelium/epithelial cells?
Answer
  • Location on the basement membrane/basal lamina
  • No possibility to regeneration
  • Polarity
  • Vascularization

Question 43

Question
Which statement about holocrine secretion is true?
Answer
  • It is also called merocrine secretion
  • It is characteristic for the sebaceous glands
  • It consists in turning the entire cell into secretion and its excretion
  • It is characteristic for the salivary gland

Question 44

Question
Which of cells are located in connective tissue do originate from the bone marrow?
Answer
  • Mast cells
  • Adipocytes
  • Fibrocytes
  • Histiocytes

Question 45

Question
Which cells can produce extracellular matrix?
Answer
  • Histiocytes
  • Lymphoblasts
  • Fibrocytes
  • Fibroblasts

Question 46

Question
Which intercellular junctions are included to anchoring (adherens) junctions?
Answer
  • Adherens junction
  • Desmosome
  • Hemidesmosome
  • Occludens

Question 47

Question
Which statement regarding hemidesmosomes is correct?
Answer
  • Integrins
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Bind epithelial cells to basal lamina

Question 48

Question
What is Volkmann canal?
Answer
  • It is located in lacunae
  • It connects two Haversian canals
  • It is located in the center of osteon
  • It connects canaliculi with osteocytes

Question 49

Question
Is it true that the bone?
Answer
  • osteoblasts are polarized cells
  • ECM is high mineralized
  • Osteoblast liberate osteoclasts activating protein (OPG), RANKL and M-CSF
  • Periosteum is similarly built as endosteum
  • Osteoblast control metabolism of osteoclast
  • Osteoblast control the number of osteoclast
  • Ruffled border of osteoclast is situated at the resorption cavity of bone
  • The metabolism is under hormonal control
  • Water constitutes up to 80% of the weight of fresh tissue

Question 50

Question
Which pair: Cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system - location is correct?
Answer
  • blood – monocyte
  • liver - kupffer cell
  • brain - kupffer cell
  • spleen - kupffer cell

Question 51

Question
Which feature is characteristic for elaunin fibers?
Answer
  • Around sweat glands
  • In dermis
  • Between fibrillin microfibrils

Question 52

Question
Which cells of the connective tissue are classificated as residental cells?
Answer
  • Fibroblasts
  • Fibrocytes
  • Adipocytes
  • Mesenchymal cells
  • Adult stem cells
  • Fixed macrophages

Question 53

Question
What is true about the somitomers?
Answer
  • Appear around 3rd week of perinatal life
  • Are located on one side along the neural tube
  • Somitomeres are involved in the segmentation of the neutral plaque, the production of neuromeres
  • Are located below the occipital region of the head
  • Consists of mesodermal cells, arranged in concentric coils around their own center

Question 54

Question
What is true about endomysium?
Answer
  • Surrounds the whole muscle
  • Is located between perimysium and epimysium
  • Is delicate, reticular connective tissue.
  • Large, major nerves supply this sheath
  • Surround the external lamina of individual muscle fibers
  • Surrounds the entire muscle
  • Capilarries form a rich network within the endomysium

Question 55

Question
What is true about troponin?
Answer
  • Is a complex of 3 subunits
  • Is attached to tropomyosin
  • Troponin C can bind calcium ions
  • Is the main component of the Z line of sarcomere
  • Is attached to Z line

Question 56

Question
What is true about the cardiac muscle (CM)?
Answer
  • Contraction is triggered at nodes of conducting fibers
  • Nuclei are centrally located
  • Contraction is triggered at motor end plate
  • Fibers are aligned in branching arrangements

Question 57

Question
Which pairs are correct (cells/structures and their location)?
Answer
  • Caveolae - Smooth muscle
  • Intercalated discs - cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle cells - muscularis externa of small intestines
  • Two terminal cisterns per sarcomere with T-tubule - skeletal muscle

Question 58

Question
Which statement regarding transitional epithelium is true?
Answer
  • Is simple columnar epithelium
  • Is not located on a basal lamina
  • Changes its form according to the degree of distention
  • Is present in urinary bladder
  • Is stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium
  • Is located on basal lamina
  • Umbrella cells are dedicated to protect other cells against hypertonic urine
  • Is also called urothelium
  • In some areas of the umbrella cells special protective protein called uroplakin is present
  • Superficial cells may be binucleated

Question 59

Question
Which statement regarding transitional epithelium is true?
Answer
  • Is covering minor and major calyces
  • Its dome-shaped umbrella cells can change morphology to become flattened
  • Includes basal cells, intermediate cells with one to several layers of cells and superficial umbrella cells

Question 60

Question
Which statement regarding primary cilia is true?
Answer
  • Are associated with gastrulation
  • Are associated with passive movement
  • are associated with active movement
  • Are arranged into 9+0 pattern
  • Are arranged into 9+2 pattern
  • Are only found in the embryo

Question 61

Question
Which proteins form desmosomes?
Answer
  • Cadherins
  • Desmogleins
  • Desmocollins
  • Armadillo
  • Plakophilins
  • Plakoglobin
  • Desmoplakin

Question 62

Question
What is true about the dermomyotome?
Answer
  • Is so called lateral mesoderm
  • Is so called paraxial mesoderm
  • It is a dorsolateral part of the somite
  • Will differentiate into a myotome and dermatome
  • It’s created after separation of myotome and dermatome
  • Its cells can migrate
  • Its cells can’t migrate

Question 63

Question
Which connection: cells - place of presence, is correct?
Answer
  • Astrocytes - peripheral nervous system
  • Ependymocytes - central nervous system
  • Ependymocytes - peripheral nervous system
  • Ependymocytes - central canal

Question 64

Question
Which statement regarding ganglia is true?
Answer
  • Multipolar neurons are present in autonomic ganglia
  • Are composed of both - perikaryons and nerve fibers
  • Sensory ganglia are surrounded by connective tissue capsule
  • Multipolar neurons are present in sensory ganglia

Question 65

Question
Is it true that tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)?
Answer
  • In other words, it is respiratory distress syndrom (RDS)
  • Is often accompanied by esophageal atresia (EA)
  • Is result of incomplete separation of foregut into the digestive and respiratory system
  • In other words, it is hyaline membrane disease

Question 66

Question
Which statement about lung development is correct?
Answer
  • Primary bronchi buds appear at the beginning of the 5th week of prenatal development
  • Some of the bronchial tree branching are made after birth
  • Cranial lung’s lobes develop earlier/faster than caudal

Question 67

Question
Which statement about the development stages of the respiratory system is true?
Answer
  • Canalicular stage in the first stage
  • Primary septa are thicker than secondary alveolar septa
  • The respiration of featus is possible during pseudoglandular stage
  • Alveolar stage is finished during the first years of postnatal life

Question 68

Question
Does conducting portion of respiratory system inculde?
Answer
  • Respiratory
  • Alveoli
  • Trachea
  • Nasal cavities

Question 69

Question
Which answer/s regarding the respiratory system is/are true?
Answer
  • Respiratory epithelium contains ciliated cells
  • Nasal cavity is part of respiratory portion
  • Includes system of tubes that link the site of gas exchanging with external environment
  • Includes paired lung

Question 70

Question
Does respiratory portion of respiratory system include?:
Answer
  • Olfactory epithelium
  • Oral cavity
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Question 71

Question
Which organs of the lymphatic system are capsulated (covered by capsule)?
Answer
  • Bone marrow
  • BALT
  • Spleen
  • Thymus

Question 72

Question
Which statement regarding adaptive immunity is true?
Answer
  • Includes antigen-presenting cells
  • Its response is very rapid
  • One of its example is low pH of gastric juice
  • It includes action of B lymphocytes

Question 73

Question
Which statement regarding adaptive immunity is correct?
Answer
  • Is evolutionarily older than aquired immunity
  • Is because of phagocytic activity of neutrophils
  • Is because of clonal expansion of B cells
  • Includes action of B lymphocytes

Question 74

Question
When does the spleen begin to develop?
Answer
  • At the end of 5th month of prenatal life
  • At the end of 3rd week of prenatal life
  • At the end of 7th week of prenatal life
  • At the end of 5th week of prenatal life

Question 75

Question
What is the main origin of lymph node?
Answer
  • Neuroectoderm
  • Mesenchyme
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm

Question 76

Question
From which pouch a thymus arises?
Answer
  • 5th pouch
  • 2nd pouch
  • Ventral wing of 3rd pouch
  • Dorsal wing of 4th pouch

Question 77

Question
Which of the following statements about maturation of granulocytes is/are true?
Answer
  • Stages of granulocyte maturation in proper order: promyelocyte & myeloblast & myelocyte & metamyelocyte
  • Involves ejecting of the nucleus
  • Stages of granulocyte maturation in proper order: myeloblast & promyelocyte & metamyelocyte & myelocyte
  • Involves changing of the shape of the nucleus

Question 78

Question
Which stage is the first stage of nondividing cells during erythropoiesis?
Answer
  • CFU-GEMM
  • Erythrocyte
  • Ortochromatophilic erythroblast
  • Basophilic erythroblast

Question 79

Question
What is true about hematopoietic stem cells?
Answer
  • Are able to response for a growth factors stimulation
  • Their morphology is similar to lymphocytes
  • They have typical morphological features
  • All blood cells are derived from one hematopoietic stem cell

Question 80

Question
Which molecules are permissive for neural crest cells migration?
Answer
  • Molecules present in basal laminae
  • Ephrin B1
  • Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans
  • Laminin

Question 81

Question
What is true about the cranial neural crest?
Answer
  • They leave the future brain after the closure of the neural folds
  • they migrate toward the gut
  • They differentiate into cells and tissues that constitute much of soft and hard tissues of the face
  • They leave the future brain well before closure of the neural crest.

Question 82

Question
What is true about neural crest?
Answer
  • The neural crest originates from cells located along the lateral margins of the neural palate
  • neural crest cells arise as the result of an inductive action by non-neural ectoderm
  • neural crest cells arise as the result of an inductive action by neuroectoderm
  • the neural crest originates from the mesoderm

Question 83

Question
Which statement regarding impulse conducting system of the heart is correct?
Answer
  • Atrioventricular node is its part
  • It is involved in controlling of the contraction of the myocardium
  • subendocardial conducting network is part of it
  • Atrioventricular bundle (of His) is its part

Question 84

Question
Which statement regarding discontinuous capillaries is true?
Answer
  • They have many tight, occludin junctions between endothelial cells
  • They have large fenestrations within basal lamina
  • They are found in the muscles
  • They are characteristic for bone marrow

Question 85

Question
Which statement regarding endothelium is correct?
Answer
  • It is simple squamous epithelium
  • There is no endothelium in wall of veins
  • it can be found in the intima of artery
  • Endothelial cells are metabolic active cells

Question 86

Question
Which statement(s) regarding the leukocytes is correct?
Answer
  • Basophils have biconcave shape
  • Monocytes differentiate into macrophages
  • Basophils have kidney-shaped nucleus
  • Monocytes contain azurophilic granules

Question 87

Question
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is/are true?
Answer
  • Can leave the blood vessels by Diapedesis
  • Are called red blood cells
  • Their shape is maintained by a special cytoskeleton
  • Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 88

Question
Which is true about the bone marrow?
Answer
  • Red bone marrow is not hematogenous
  • In adult hemopoiesis takes place in red bone marrow
  • Great number of adipose cells are present in yellow bone marrow
  • Red bone marrow is present in flat bones and vertebrae

Question 89

Question
Which statement regarding skin is correct?
Answer
  • Keratinocytes are main population of dermis
  • SALT system includes keratinocytes, T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells
  • Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands release its secretion by a merocrine process
  • Keratinocytes are main population of hypodermis

Question 90

Question
In which layer of the epidermis desmosomes are present in the highest number?
Answer
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • In stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum
  • There are no desmosomes in epidermis

Question 91

Question
Which gland releases its secretion by holocrine way?
Answer
  • Liver
  • Sebaceous gland
  • Salivary gland
  • Gall bladder
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