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mkt 2 part 2
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Questions in this quiz (51)
1One of the major problems with mail surveys is nonresponse bias. In an effort to minimize this, a researcher decides to limit the sample to his personal friends from whom he is sure to get replies. This is an example of a:
- Aprobability sample.
- Bnonprobability sample.
- Crandom sample.
- Dsequential sample.
- Equota sample.
2While giving guidelines to her field interviewing staff, a researcher states, "I want you to interview every tenth customer entering a K-Mart store at the following key sites." This is an example of ____ sampling.
- Ajudgment
- Bquota
- Csequential
- Dsystematic
- Econvenience
3Convenience samples:
- Aa. take place at 7-11, Stop & Go or other convenience stores.
- Bb. are nonprobability samples.
- Cc. are typically not representative of the entire population.
- Dd. Both a and b.
- Ee. Both b and c.
4Judgment samples are distinguished by the fact that:
- Athose entering the sample happen to be where the study is being done when it is being done.
- Bthe proportion of those possessing a given characteristic is balanced against the proportion of the population possessing the characteristic.
- Ceach field worker is allowed to judge whether any given respondent would be a good representative of the population.
- Dthe sample elements are hand picked by the investigator because it is expected they can offer the contributions sought.
- Ethey are superior to other forms of sampling for descriptive studies.
5Snowball samples are an example of:
- Aconvenience sampling.
- Bjudgment sampling.
- Cquota sampling.
- Dsimple random sampling.
- Estratified sampling.
6A sample where the respondent provides the names of other potential respondents is called a(n):
- Ajudgment sample.
- Bsnowball sample.
- Cquota sample.
- Daccidental sample.
- Eprobability sample.
7Convenience samples are best used for:
- Acausal research.
- Bexploratory research.
- Chypothesis testing.
- Ddescriptive research.
- Eexperimental designs.
8A researcher wants to interview members of the junior class in a local high school that are interested in attending the local university in order to investigate their attitudes concerning the university's admissions policy. Although the researcher suspects that many of the juniors are interested in attending, the researcher cannot get a list of juniors but only has the names of the three students that have expressed their interest by writing to the admissions office. What sampling procedure should the researcher use to assemble a sample of adequate size?
- ASimple random sampling
- BReferred sampling
- CSnowball sampling
- DConvenience sampling
- EQuota sampling
9Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with respect to a quota sample?
- Aa. It is relatively easy to verify whether the sample is representative.
- Bb. Field workers' personal judgments govern the choice of sample members.
- Cc. The quotas per field worker usually mirror the distribution of characteristics in the population.
- Dd. Quota samples are an example of nonprobability sampling.
- Ee. Both a and c.
10Quota samples are typically selected so that the distribution of a characteristic in the sample matches the distribution of that same characteristic in the population. With respect to the representativeness of quota samples, it can thus be said that
- Aa quota sample may be very far off the mark with respect to other important a characteristics likely to influence the result but which were not used as controls when selecting the sample.
- Bb the fact that the distribution of the characteristic in the sample parallels the distribution in the population does not guarantee that the sample is representative.
- Cc the fact that the distribution of the characteristic in the sample parallels the distribution in the population does not guarantee that the sample is representative.
- Dd. Both a and b.
- Ee. a, b, and c.
11A researcher wants to study the effects of social class on consumption behavior. He establishes three different categories of social class in terms of amount of income. He then assigns each field worker a specified number of interviews with people in each income category although the interviewers are allowed to select who they interview. This is an example of:
- Aprobability sampling.
- Bstratified sampling.
- Csystematic sampling.
- Dquota sampling.
- Erandom sampling.
12The distinguishing feature of probability samples is that:
- Athey involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection of sample elements.
- Beach population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
- Ceach population element has an equal chance of being included in the sample and every combination of n population elements is a sample possibility.
- Deach population element has a known chance of being included in the sample.
- Ethey will always be more representative of the population than nonprobability samples.
13Which of the following is NOT a probability sample?
- ASimple random sample
- BStratified sample
- CCluster sample
- DJudgment sample
- EAll of the above are probability samples.
14A problem with nonprobability samples is:
- Aa they are always more representative than nonprobability samples.
- Bb one cannot assess the amount of sampling error likely to occur.
- Cc there is no problem with using nonprobability samples
- DBoth a and b.
- ENone of the above.
15A researcher wants to be able to assess the amount of "sampling error" associated with an estimate. Which of the following sampling methods would you recommend he use?
- AConvenience
- BQuota
- CNonprobability
- DProbability
- EJudgment
16Which of the following regarding probability samples is FALSE?
- AEvaluation of the precision of a sample result is important to most researchers and therefore they seek to use probability samples whenever possible.
- BIn general, probability sampling requires personnel who are more skilled and experienced than nonprobability sampling.
- CProbability samples will usually cost substantially more than a nonprobability sample of the same size on a per observation basis.
- DOne real advantage that probability samples have over nonprobability samples is their greater economic efficiency.
- EElements of the sample are selected objectively.
17The distinguishing features of a simple random sample are:
- Aa each population element has a known chance of being selected.
- Bb each population element has an equal chance of being selected.
- Cc every combination of n population elements is a sample possibility.
- Dd. Both a and b.
- Ee. a, b, and c.
18A parameter represents:
- Athe geographical boundary of a population.
- Bcertain characteristics of a random sample.
- Cfixed characteristics of a population.
- Dfixed characteristics of a nonprobability sample.
- Ean unbiased estimator of the population mean.
19Which of the following is NOT TRUE for simple random sampling?
- AEach element has a known chance of being selected.
- BEach element has a nonzero chance of being selected.
- CEach element has an equal chance of being selected.
- DEach combination of n population elements has an equal chance of being selected.
- EAll of the above are true statements.
20The sampling distribution of a statistic refers to the:
- Adistribution of all possible sample values of the statistic that could be drawn from the parent population under the specified sampling plan.
- Bdistribution of the variable in the parent population.
- Cdistribution of the variable in a particular sample.
- Dspread of the variable in the parent population.
- Eunbiased nature of most sample statistics.
21For simple random sampling, the mean of all possible sample means is equal to the population mean when which of the following conditions is true. Choose the best possible answer.
- ASampling is with replacement.
- BSampling is without replacement.
- CSampling is from an infinite population.
- DSampling is from a finite population.
- ESampling is with or without replacement and from an infinite or finite population.
22Which of the following is needed before a confidence interval can be established for a population mean?
- Aa A confidence level
- Bb A point estimate of the population mean
- Cc An estimate of the sampling error associated with the sample mean
- DAll of the above.
- EBoth a and b
23Which of the following is FALSE with regard to stratified sampling?
- AA stratified random sample is drawn by dividing the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets and by then taking a random sample of these subsets.
- BThe basic rule by which we stratify suggests the resulting strata should be as homogeneous as possible.
- CWhen sampling from a population that is highly skewed, a stratified sample generally provides the most representative sample.
- DA market researcher needs information about parts of the population, as well as the total population. He should therefore plan on using a stratified random sample.
- EStratified samples are more statistically efficient than simple random samples.
24A researcher divides the population of the purchasers of Brand X into heavy and light users. He then chooses a random sample independently from each group. This is an example of ____ sampling.
- Anonprobability
- Brandom
- Cjudgmental
- Dstratified
- Equota
25The advantages of stratified over simple random sampling include stratified sampling:
- Aa ensures adequate representation from each stratum of interest.
- Bb can produce more precise sample statistics.
- Cc allows for the comparison of variables between strata.
- Dd. Both b and c.
- Ee. All of the above.
26A researcher wishes to sample from a population in which two important segments make up less than 2% of the population, but wishes to develop confidence intervals describing their behaviors. Which type of sampling is most appropriate?
- AStratified sampling
- BConvenience sampling
- CSystematic sampling
- DSimple random sampling
- EJudgment sampling
27Which of the following is TRUE?
- AWhen sampling from a population that is highly skewed, a cluster sample generally provides the most representative sample.
- BStratified sampling is a very useful sampling technique. It allows closer examination of the characteristics of particular subgroups. It also lowers the chance of error by ensuring that subgroups are adequately represented in the sample. However, this method generally produces less precise estimates of population values than simple random samples.
- CIn calculating the standard error of the mean when using a stratified sample, one finds that differences among strata means do not enter the estimate.
- DWhen using proportional allocation in stratified random sampling, one samples from each of the strata in proportion to their respective variabilities.
- EThe sampling distribution of means for stratified sampling is generally less concentrated than that obtained from simple random sampling.
28The differences between a cluster sample and a stratified sample are in a:
- Acluster sample, the parent population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
- Bstratified sample, the parent population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
- Cstratified sample, a simple random sample of elements is chosen independently from each group or subset, while in a cluster sample, a random sample of the subsets is selected.
- Dcluster sample, a simple random sample of elements is chosen independently from each group or subset, while in a stratified sample, a random sample of the subsets is selected.
- ENone of the above.
29One goal of stratified sampling plans is to decrease the amount of variability in each stratum. This can be accomplished by:
- Amaking the strata internally heterogeneous.
- Bincreasing the amount of sampling error.
- Cdecreasing the magnitude of the overall sample mean.
- Dmaking the strata internally homogeneous.
- Eusing a 99% confidence level instead of a 95% confidence level.
30When stratifying the population, the characteristics should be as:
- Aa close in value as possible within each strata.
- Bb far apart in value as possible between any two strata.
- Cc far apart in value as possible within each strata.
- Dd. Both b and c.
- Ee. Both a and b.
31Interviewers are told to select a fixed number of men and a fixed number of women from certain city blocks, although the choice of which men and which women is left up to them. This is a:
- Asimple random sample.
- Bquota sample.
- Cstratified sample.
- Dcluster sample.
- Eprobability sample.
32The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling plans is that cluster samples:
- Aprovide each population element with an equal chance of being included in the sample.
- Bprovide each population element with a known chance of being included in the sample.
- Cinvolve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
- Dinvolve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets and the probabilistic selection of elements from each subset.
- Eutilize the probabilistic selection of groups rather than elements.
33Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- AIn cluster sampling, the parent population is broken into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups and a simple random sample is selected from each subgroup.
- BCluster samples are most statistically efficient when the clusters are internally homogeneous.
- CIn order to yield high statistical efficiency, each cluster in a cluster sample should include as many diverse universe values as possible.
- DOne of the main advantages of cluster sampling over simple random sampling is its greater statistical efficiency for the same size sample.
- EAll of the above statements are false.
34Which of the following types of probability samples does not require a complete list of population elements by name in order to draw the sample?
- AStratified sample
- BSystematic sample
- CSimple random sample
- DCluster sample
- EQuota sample
35Systematic sampling is a form of:
- Acluster sampling.
- Bstratified sampling.
- Cquota sampling.
- Dconvenience sampling.
- Esimple random sampling.
36To develop a representative, systematic sample of personal income, the population census:
- Aa should be ordered at random.
- Bb. should be ordered from high to low income.
- Cc. should be ordered from low to high income.
- Dd. Either b or c is correct.
- Ee. None of the above.
37A researcher is seeking a representative sample (of size n=50) of Fortune magazine's list of the 500 largest industrial corporations. She randomly decides to begin at company number 4 and then select every 10th company until 50 have been selected. The researcher is using what type of sampling plan?
- ASimple random sampling
- BJudgment sampling
- CSystematic sampling
- DStratified sampling
- EConvenience sampling
38The primary advantage of area sampling plans is:
- Aarea sampling data is easy to tabulate and analyze.
- Bthey don't require probability-based methods of element selection.
- Cresults can be generalized from one area to another without loss of statistical efficiency.
- Dthey don't require a list of elements from the population of interest.
- Ethe results are more understandable for the general public than other, more complex plans.
39When using area sampling, a researcher should seek a balance between statistical efficiency, which suggests ____, and economic considerations, which suggest ____.
- Athe need for accuracy, that benefits be considered
- Ba small number of areas be used, few areas be used
- Ca large number of areas be used, few areas be used
- Dthat a small sample size can be used to predict accurately, possible losses due to faulty predictions can be costly
- Ethat a large number of areas be used, a large number of observations within each area be collected
40A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly equal populations. He then selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to each block. The interviewers are instructed to interview every eighth dwelling unit. This is ____ sampling.
- Aone-stage area
- Btwo-stage area
- Cquota
- Dtwo-stage systematic
- Estratified
41In a one-stage area sample of 10 blocks from a population of 100 blocks, the probability of any household being included in the sample is:
- A0.10.
- B0.01.
- C1.10.
- D100%.
- ECannot be determined with information given in the question.
42A researcher divides the city of Flint, Michigan, into 500 blocks of 10 households each. He requires a sample of 400 households. He selects a sample by randomly selecting 100 blocks and randomly selecting 4 households per block. This is an example of ____.
- Asystematic sampling
- Btwo-stage area sampling
- Cprobability-proportional-to-size sampling
- Done-stage area sampling
- Esequential sampling
43If you decided to interview members of your class with regard to issues relating to the university and college life, you would have selected the ____ as a means of sampling members of the total population.
- Asimple random sample
- Bstratified random sample
- Ccluster (area) sample
- Dconvenience sample
- Equota sample
44If you enter a shopping mall and notice a researcher handing out surveys to everyone asking their opinion about a possible increase in state sales tax rates, what type of sampling procedure is being used?
- AConvenience sample
- BImplied sample
- CSimple random sample
- DSystematic sample
- EQuota sample
45If a local newspaper reporter tries to gather information about perceptions of a proposed comprehensive "senior exit exam" by interviewing officers from the university's student senate (because they are well informed about the feelings of the general student body), what type of sampling procedure is he using?
- ASimple random sample
- BSystematic sample
- CJudgment sample
- DConvenience sample
- EQuota sample
46If a newspaper editor asks a reporter to interview thirty males and thirty females from each of three geographical areas of a particular city for a prospective story, what type of sampling procedure is being used?
- ASimple random sample
- BConvenience sample
- CQuota sample
- DSystematic sample
- EStratified sample
47In practice, simple random sampling should be strongly considered:
- Aif the population is small and can be numbered easily.
- Bin telephone surveys where random digit dialing programs may be used to generate numbers.
- Cwhen population units are stored in an electronic file allowing computer programs to randomly select the sample.
- DAll of the above are situations that allow for the practical application of simple random sampling.
- ENone of the situations allow the practical application of simple random sampling.
48PGA conducts a study in which they use a simple random sample of 600 golfers. They examine the data from the sample and calculate that 28% of them own golf clubs made in the USA. The 28% is the:
- Aaverage handicap of these golfers.
- Bsample statistic.
- Cpopulation mean for all golfers.
- Dpopulation parameter.
- ENone of the above.
49Jane Doe wants to administer a short survey on "student driving habits" to a representative sample of students at the local university. She secured a list of students from the student directory. She assigned each student a unique number and then used a random number table to select her sample. Jane Doe is most likely using a:
- Aquota sample technique.
- Bprobability sampling technique.
- Ccluster sample technique.
- Dstatistical inference.
- Ejudgment sampling technique.
50If we were to ask college students "To what extent do they value a college degree?" which type of sample plan would be most appropriate?
- AAny probability sampling plan would be useful.
- BA stratified sample because we would expect the answers to vary by strata: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- CA cluster sample because we would expect the answers to vary by cluster: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- DAn area sample because we would expect the answers to vary by area: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- ENone of the above would be appropriate. In fact, it would be best to use a nonprobability sampling technique.
51There is a trade-off between the confidence level and the degree of precision of the estimate when the:
- Apopulation is finite.
- Bsample size is fixed.
- Csample size varies.
- Dpopulation is infinite.
- Esample size is small.
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- Quiz on mkt 2 part 2, created by Vladislav Tokhtaev on 02/03/2022.
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