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CH 2
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Questions in this quiz (30)
1Claiming that something is true because “it should be obvious” is really just __________.
- Aan appeal to authority
- Bgeneralizability
- Canecdotal evidence
- Dan appeal to common sense
2When psychologists question how well the results of a study apply to other samples or situations, they are inquiring about the _______ of the study.
- Avalidity
- Brigour
- Cgeneralizability
- Dreliability
3In a single-blind study, the participants do not know the purpose of the study or the condition to which they are assigned. What is the difference in a double-blind study?
- AThe participants also do not know when the actual study begins or ends.
- BThe researcher also does not know which condition the participants are in.
- CThe researcher tells the participants the purpose and their assigned conditions in the study.
- DThe participants know the condition to which they have been assigned, but the researcher does not.
4Dr. Rose gives a standardized personality test to a group of psychology majors in January and again in March. Each individual’s score remains nearly the same over the two-month period. From this, Dr. Rose can infer that the test is ________.
- Ageneralizable
- Breliable
- Cverified
- Dobjective
5Dr. Campbell conducts an experiment on attention while driving and texting. The study is conducted in a lab using a driving simulator. Although Dr. Campbell finds interesting results, she doesn’t know if the results will be applicable outside of the laboratory environment. Dr. Campbell is concerned about the study’s ______________.
- Aconfound variables
- Becological validity
- Cindependent variables
- Dreliability
6When psychologists observe behaviour and record data in the environment where it normally occurs, they are using ______
- Athe supervisory method
- Bartificial observation
- Ccase studies
- Dnaturalistic observation
7A psychologist is completing a naturalistic observation study of children’s aggressive behaviour on a playground. She says that aggression is “any verbal or physical act that appears to be intended to hurt or control another child.” She then goes on to list specific examples. It appears that the psychologist is attempting to establish a(n)
- Aobservational definition.
- Bgood relationship with the children.
- Coperational definition.
- Dvariable.
8Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship between two variables?
- A–.72
- B+.54
- C+.10
- D+10.1
9A researcher is able to conduct an experiment on study habits in his laboratory and finds some exciting results. What is one possible shortcoming of using this method?
- AResults from laboratory experiments do not always generalize to real-world situations.
- BIt is not possible to conduct experiments on issues such as study habits.
- CLaboratory experiments do not control for confounding variables
- DExperiments do not provide evidence about cause-and-effect relationships.
10A researcher compares a group of Conservatives and a group of Liberals on a measure of beliefs about poverty. What makes this a quasi-experimental design?
- AThe researcher is comparing pre-existing groups, rather than randomly assigning people to them.
- BThere are two independent variables.
- CThere is no operational definition for the dependent variable.
- DYou cannot be both a Conservative and a Liberal at the same time.
11The Research Ethics Board (REB) is the group that determines
- Awhether the benefits of a proposed study outweigh its potential risks.
- Bwhether a hypothesis is valid.
- Cwhether animal research is overall an ethical practice.
- Dwhether a study should be published in a scientific journal.
12In a memory study, researchers have participants study a list of words and then tell them it was the wrong list and that they should forget it. This deception is meant to see how effectively participants can forget something they have already studied. If the researchers plan to debrief the participants afterward, would this design meet the standards of an ethical study?
- AYes, given that the participants are not at risk and that they will be debriefed, this seems to be an ethical study.
- BNo, because the researchers should not debrief the participants.
- CYes, because participants fully understood all aspects of the study.
- DNo, it is not okay to mislead individuals during the course of a study.
13Researchers should store their data after they present or publish it because
- Aother researchers may want to examine the data before conducting a replication study.
- Bother researchers may want to reinterpret the data using different techniques.
- Cthe process of informed consent requires it.
- Dboth the first and second options are true.
14After completing a naturalistic observation study, a researcher does not have quite enough evidence to support her hypothesis. If she decides to go back to her records and slightly alters a few of the observations to fit her hypothesis, she would be engaged in ________.
- Acorrecting the data
- Binformed forgery
- Cscientific misconduct
- Dethical behaviour
15If researchers use deception as part of their research design, it is important to ensure participants
- Ahave someone give informed consent on their behalf.
- Bstill have enough information to make informed consent.
- Cnever find out the true nature of the study.
- Dsign a confidentiality agreement.
16The ________ is a measure of variability around the mean of a distribution.
- Amean deviation
- Bmedian
- Cstandard deviation
- Dmode
17Dr. Lee taught two sections of introductory psychology. The mean score for both classes was 70%. However, the standard deviation was 15% for the first class and 5% for the second class. What can we infer about Dr. Lee’s two clas
- AThere was more variability in the second class than in the first class.
- BThere was more variability in the test scores of the first class.
- CThe mode would equal the mean in the first class but not in the second class.
- DThe mean, median, and mode would all be equal in the second class.
18In a survey of recent graduates, your university reports that the mean salaries of the former students are positively skewed. What are the consequences of choosing the mean rather than the median or the mode in this case?
- AThe mean is likely to provide a number that is higher than the largest cluster of scores.
- BThe mean provides the 50th percentile of the distribution, making it the best choice to depict this cluster of scores.
- CThe mean is likely to provide a reliable estimate of where the scores cluster.
- DThe mean is likely to provide a number that is lower than the largest cluster of scores.
19Imagine an experiment where the mean of the experimental group is 50 and the mean of the control group is 40. Given that the two means are obviously different, is it still possible for a researcher to say that the two groups are not significantly different?
- ANo, in statistics a difference of 10 points is just enough to be significant.
- BYes, if the difference was not predicted by the hypothesis.
- CYes, the two groups could overlap so much that the difference is not significant.
- DNo, because the two groups are so far apart that the difference must be significant.
20A hypothesis test is conducted after an experiment to
- Adetermine how well the two groups are correlated.
- Bdetermine whether the two groups in the study are exactly the same.
- Csummarize the distribution using a single score.
- Dsee if the groups are significantly different, as opposed to being different due to chance.
21Appeals to authority do not qualify as good evidence because
- Aauthority does not mean that there is sound, scientific evidence.
- Bauthority figures are likely to distort the truth.
- Cauthority is typically based on anecdotal evidence.
- Dthey always lack common sense.
22Ann is convinced that corporal punishment (e.g., spanking) is a good idea because she knows a child whose behaviour improved because of it. Whether or not you agree with her, Ann is using a flawed argument. Which type of evidence is she using?
- Ageneralizable
- Banecdotal
- Cobjective
- Dauthority-based
23________ is the degree to which something measures what it is intended to measure.
- AReliability
- BGeneralizability
- CVerifiability
- DValidity
24Any property of an organism, event, or something else that can take on different values is called _______.
- Adata
- Ba case study
- Can operational definition
- Da variable
25What does it mean to say that two variables are negatively correlated?
- AAn increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other
- BAn increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other.
- CA decrease in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other.
- DThe two variables have no relationship
26The ________always marks the 50th percentile of the distribution.
- Amedian
- Bstandard deviation
- Cmean
- Dmode
27Imagine Dr. Martin finds that a sense of humour is positively correlated with psychological well-being. From this, we can conclude that
- Apeople who have a good sense of humour tend to be healthier.
- Bhumour causes people to be healthier.
- Chealth causes people to be funnier.
- Dpeople who have a good sense of humour tend to be less healthy.
28A researcher sets up an experiment to test a new antidepressant medication. One group receives the treatment and the other receives a placebo. The researcher then measures depression using a standardized self-report measure. What is the independent variable in this case?
- AWhether the individuals were experiencing depression before the study began
- BWhether the individuals received the treatment or a placebo
- CWhether the individuals’ depression decreased or increased during the study period
- DWhether the individuals scored high or low on the depression measure
29If each participant in an experiment has an equal chance of being assigned to the experimental group or the control group, we can assume that this study involves
- Aa quasi-experimental design
- Bthe experimental selection of participants.
- Cthe random assignment of participants
- Da correlational design.
30Which of the following is not a requirement for informed consent?
- AParticipants need to know the approximate duration of the study.
- BParticipants need to have a face-to-face meeting with the researcher before volunteering.
- CParticipants need to understand any potential physical, psychological, or social risks involved in the research.
- DParticipants need to know the nature of the stimuli to which they will be exposed.
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- Quiz on CH 2, created by David Wag on 04/08/2022.
- Author
- David Wag
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