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Bio 109: First Exam

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Lecture Chapter 2,3,5
Nieacha Burke
Quiz by Nieacha Burke, updated 8 months ago
Nieacha Burke
Created by Nieacha Burke 8 months ago
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Question 1

Question
Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following except
Answer
  • Microsomes
  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments

Question 2

Question
The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called
Answer
  • Translation
  • Transcription
  • Auscultation
  • Replication

Question 3

Question
The tails of a phospholipid molecule are
Answer
  • Facing the cytosol
  • Hydrophilic
  • Hydrophobic
  • Composed of amino acids

Question 4

Question
The duplication of DNA is called ______, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called _____, and the reading of the mRNA by a ribosome to make a protein is called ______.
Answer
  • Reproduction; duplication; initiation
  • Interphase; replication; active transport
  • Replication; transcription; translation
  • Replication; translation; transcription

Question 5

Question
Most of a cell’s DNA is located in its
Answer
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus
  • Lysosomes

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
Answer
  • Bind to ligands
  • Regulate the passage of ions
  • Act as a carrier molecules for various solutes
  • Storage of cellular nutrients

Question 7

Question
Organelles that breakdown fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide are
Answer
  • Peroxisomes
  • Lysosomes
  • Nuclei
  • Endocytic vessels

Question 8

Question
The components of ribosomes are formed within
Answer
  • Nucleoli
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi complexes
  • Lysosomes

Question 9

Question
Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains
Answer
  • A higher concentration of amino acids
  • A higher concentration of potassium ions
  • Almost no glycogen
  • A lower concentration of dissolved proteins

Question 10

Question
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the
Answer
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes

Question 11

Question
The potential difference across the cell membrane is known as
Answer
  • The membrane potential
  • The membrane difference
  • The cellular potential
  • The cellular difference

Question 12

Question
Cell membranes are said to be ______ because they allow some substances to pass but not others.
Answer
  • Doubly amphipathic
  • Impermeable
  • Selectively permeable
  • Hydrophilic

Question 13

Question
Which of the following best describes osmosis?
Answer
  • diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
  • Movement of water into a solute
  • Active transport of water across the cell membrane
  • Random movement of water due to kinetic energy

Question 14

Question
Special cells called ______ maintains tissues by unending cycles of cell division.
Answer
  • Omnipotent
  • Root
  • Stem
  • Cytogenic

Question 15

Question
The _______ of a cell membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross.
Answer
  • Thickness
  • Permeability
  • Density
  • Pliability

Question 16

Question
During this phase of cell division, the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane forms, and cytokinesis occurs.
Answer
  • Metaphase
  • Prophase
  • Telophase
  • Anaphase

Question 17

Question
The stage in a cell’s life cycle in which the cell performs it’s normal functions and prepares for division is called
Answer
  • Telophase
  • Interphase
  • Metaphase
  • Prophase

Question 18

Question
A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called
Answer
  • Merotonic
  • Hypotonic
  • Isotonic
  • Hypertonic

Question 19

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Permanent altercations in a cell’s DNA that affect the nucleotide sequence of one or more genes are called
Answer
  • Changelings
  • Polymorphs
  • Mutations
  • Interferons

Question 20

Question
All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes except
Answer
  • Osmosis
  • Vesicular transport
  • Diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion

Question 21

Question
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
Answer
  • “Goosebumps” are formed
  • Sweat is released from sweat glands
  • The skin changes color
  • Shivering occurs

Question 22

Question
Which of the following happens if the body temperature rises above normal?
Answer
  • Blood flow to the skin increases
  • Evaporative cooling stops
  • Sweat glands activity decreases
  • The activity of a melanocytes increase

Question 23

Question
Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis is/are called
Answer
  • Scars
  • Pus
  • Keloids
  • Blisters

Question 24

Question
The clinical term for a bruise is a(n)
Answer
  • Infarction
  • Hemorrhage
  • Thrombus
  • Contusion

Question 25

Question
A bruise turns “black and blue” because of _____ in the dermis
Answer
  • The accumulation of pus
  • Hyperactive sebaceous glands
  • A lack of oxygen
  • Broken blood vessels

Question 26

Question
The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the
Answer
  • Cuticle
  • Root
  • Medulla
  • Hair bulb

Question 27

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A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)
Answer
  • Incision
  • Puncture
  • Contusion
  • Abrasion

Question 28

Question
Sensible perspiration is produced by _______ glands.
Answer
  • Ceruminous
  • Merocrine sweat
  • Sebaceous
  • Apocrine sweat

Question 29

Question
Wrinkles in individuals are the result of
Answer
  • Loss of elastic fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis
  • Increased keratinization of the epidermis
  • Decreased thickness of the dermis
  • Increased production of epidermis layers

Question 30

Question
Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum
Answer
  • Basale
  • Lucidum
  • Corneum
  • Spinosum

Question 31

Question
Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except
Answer
  • Detection of sensation
  • Protection of underlying tissue
  • Maintenance of body temperature
  • Synthesis of vitamin C

Question 32

Question
The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is
Answer
  • Elastin
  • Melanin
  • Collagen
  • Keratin

Question 33

Question
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the _______ layer.
Answer
  • Reticular
  • Papillary
  • Hypodermal
  • Epidermal

Question 34

Question
The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the
Answer
  • Subcutaneous layer
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Sebaceous layer

Question 35

Question
The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the
Answer
  • Stratum Basale
  • papillary layer
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum granulosum

Question 36

Question
Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because
Answer
  • Contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together
  • The epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels
  • Fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis
  • Stem cells persist in the skin even after injury

Question 37

Question
The _____ gland in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.
Answer
  • Apocrine sweat
  • Sebaceous
  • Axillary
  • Ceruminous

Question 38

Question
The epidermis of the skin is composed of what type of tissue?
Answer
  • Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • Transitional epithelium

Question 39

Question
Which of the following is formed in the skin when it is exposed to the sunlight?
Answer
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B

Question 40

Question
An albino individual lacks the ability to produce
Answer
  • Melanin
  • Carotene
  • Perspiration
  • Keratin

Question 41

Question
One mole of any element has the same
Answer
  • Mass
  • Number of atoms
  • Weight
  • Number of electrons

Question 42

Question
The nucleus of an atom consists of
Answer
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Protons & Neutrons
  • Electrons

Question 43

Question
The molecule O2 is known as
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Oxide
  • Oxate
  • Organic

Question 44

Question
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
Answer
  • Hydrogen, causing decomposition
  • Glucose, causing decomposition
  • Water, causing decomposition
  • Water, causing synthesis

Question 45

Question
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
Answer
  • Size of the atom
  • Number of neutrons
  • Outermost electron shell
  • Number of protons

Question 46

Question
In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means
Answer
  • A calcium ion that has lost two electrons
  • A calcium ion that has gained two electrons
  • Two calcium atoms
  • A calcium ion that has gained two protons

Question 47

Question
Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be
Answer
  • Endergonic
  • Exergonic
  • Thermonuclear
  • Activated

Question 48

Question
Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the _______ sites.
Answer
  • Reactant
  • Amino
  • Active
  • Neutral

Question 49

Question
Kinetic energy is stored as ______ energy when a spring is stretched.
Answer
  • Plausible
  • Probable
  • Potential
  • Positive

Question 50

Question
Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called
Answer
  • Homotopes
  • Heterotopes
  • Heterotonic
  • Isotope

Question 51

Question
If the substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
Answer
  • Alkaline
  • Acidic
  • A salt
  • Neutral

Question 52

Question
Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is
Answer
  • 7.4
  • 6.9
  • 2
  • 3.8

Question 53

Question
The alpha-helix and beta sheet are examples of _____ protein structure.
Answer
  • Tertiary
  • Primary
  • Quaternary
  • Secondary

Question 54

Question
Which of the following statements about water is false?
Answer
  • It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body
  • It contains hydrogen bonds
  • It has a relatively low heat capacity
  • It is composed of polar molecules

Question 55

Question
A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates
Answer
  • Hydrophilic attraction
  • Chemical tension
  • Heat capacity
  • Surface tension

Question 56

Question
Molecules with two fatty acids chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called
Answer
  • Diglycerides
  • Dipeptides
  • Phospholipids
  • Disaccharide

Question 57

Question
Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
  • Fatty acids

Question 58

Question
A(n) ______ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) _____ releases hydrogen ions.
Answer
  • Base; acid
  • Compound; elements
  • Molecule; acid
  • Acid; base

Question 59

Question
A polysaccharide that formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
Answer
  • Glucose
  • Glycogen
  • A glyceride
  • Fructose

Question 60

Question
When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,
Answer
  • A disaccharide is formed
  • A polysaccharide is formed
  • Two new monosaccharides are formed
  • Hydrolysis occurs

Question 61

Question
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?
Answer
  • Electrons
  • Nucleus
  • Proton
  • Neutron

Question 62

Question
The atomic number represents the number of
Answer
  • Protons in an atom
  • Neutrons in an atom
  • Electrons in an atom
  • Protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 63

Question
The formation of a cation and an anion is indicative of
Answer
  • An ionic bond
  • A nonpolar bond
  • A polar bond
  • A covalent bond

Question 64

Question
What type of reaction is A + B + energy —> AB?
Answer
  • Catabolic reaction
  • Equilibrium reaction
  • Endergonic reaction
  • Exergonic reaction

Question 65

Question
Which of the following increases the rate of a reaction?
Answer
  • Solid reactants
  • Cold temperatures
  • Absence of a catalyst
  • Increased reactant concentration

Question 66

Question
Which statement best describes enzyme function?
Answer
  • Enzymes can perform catabolic reactions only.
  • Enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
  • Enzymes chemically alter both the reactants and products.
  • One enzyme can work on thousands of different substrates.

Question 67

Question
On the pH scale, which number has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
Answer
  • pH 1
  • pH 5
  • pH 7
  • pH 10

Question 68

Question
Which two organ systems work to maintain pH balance in the body?
Answer
  • Endocrine and nervous
  • Respiratory and urinary
  • Urinary and endocrine
  • Digestive and respiratory

Question 69

Question
Salts are held together by ______.
Answer
  • Single covalent bonds
  • Polar covalent bonds
  • Nonpolar covalent bonds
  • Ionic bonds

Question 70

Question
The monomer of the carbohydrates is ________.
Answer
  • Nucleotide
  • Monosaccharide
  • Fatty acid
  • Amino acid

Question 71

Question
A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is ______.
Answer
  • Saturated
  • Monounsaturated
  • Hydrogenated
  • Polyunsaturated

Question 72

Question
Amino acids are the monomers for ________.
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Question 73

Question
Which of the following is the same among isotopes of the same element?
Answer
  • Mass number
  • Number of neutrons
  • Atomic number
  • Both the number of neutrons and the mass number

Question 74

Question
In the following chemical reaction, what is NaCI? NaOH + HCI —> NaCI + H20
Answer
  • Water
  • Acid
  • Product
  • Reactant

Question 75

Question
Determine the number of protons in an isotope of nitrogen with an atomic number of 7 and a molecular number of 14.
Answer
  • 7
  • 10
  • 14
  • 17

Question 76

Question
Cytosol is also known as _____.
Answer
  • Blood plasma
  • Extracellular fluid (ECF)
  • The cytoskeleton
  • Intercellular fluid (ICF)

Question 77

Question
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
Answer
  • Oxygen transport
  • Promote fluidity of the membrane
  • Form a lipid bilayer
  • Molecular transport through the membrane

Question 78

Question
Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by ______.
Answer
  • Primary active transport
  • Osmosis
  • Simple diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion

Question 79

Question
Active transport processes _____.
Answer
  • Move solutes from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
  • Require cells to expend energy (ATP)
  • Move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer without the use of integral proteins
  • Move solutes with or along their concentration gradients

Question 80

Question
Two types of active transport via vesicles are ______.
Answer
  • Endocytosis and exocytosis
  • Primary active transport and secondary active transport
  • Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
  • Diffusion and osmosis

Question 81

Question
What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelle and cell components?
Answer
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Peroxisome
  • Lysosome
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 82

Question
Microtubules are composed of proteins subunits known as ______.
Answer
  • Myosin
  • Actin
  • Keratin
  • Tubulin

Question 83

Question
Cell division occurs during ______.
Answer
  • M phase
  • G1 phase
  • G2 phase
  • S phase

Question 84

Question
During which phase of the M phase of the cell cycle does the mitotic spindle form?
Answer
  • Prophase
  • Telophase
  • Anaphase
  • Metaphase

Question 85

Question
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated when the mitotic spindle fibers shorten?
Answer
  • Metaphase
  • Prophase
  • Telophase
  • Anaphase

Question 86

Question
Programmed cell death is called ______.
Answer
  • Metastasis
  • Hydrolysis
  • Apoptosis
  • Neoplasia

Question 87

Question
A cell is placed into a 3% dextrose solution. At that concentration, the solution is isotonic to the cell. If the concentration of dextrose in the solution is increased to 5%, the cell is now in _______.
Answer
  • A hypotonic solution
  • An isotonic solution
  • A less concentrated solution
  • A hypertonic solution

Question 88

Question
If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?
Answer
  • 9
  • 18
  • 36
  • 72

Question 89

Question
Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a protein channel across a plasma membrane. Determine the type of membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions.
Answer
  • Primary active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Simple diffusion

Question 90

Question
The main components of the skin are the _______.
Answer
  • Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
  • Dermis and hypodermis
  • Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and the subcutaneous layer
  • Epidermis and dermis

Question 91

Question
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Answer
  • Thermoregulation
  • Vitamin A synthesis
  • Sensation
  • Protection

Question 92

Question
Which sensation is NOT detected by the skin?
Answer
  • Temperature
  • Light touch
  • Texture
  • Equilibrium

Question 93

Question
Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules in the cells?
Answer
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum

Question 94

Question
Thin skin lacks stratum ______.
Answer
  • Corneum
  • Spinosum
  • Granulosum
  • Lucidum

Question 95

Question
Where are blood vessels housed that nourish the epidermis?
Answer
  • The reticular layer of the dermis
  • Dermal papillae
  • Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
  • Stratum Basale of the epidermis

Question 96

Question
Which of the following cells is associated with the dermis?
Answer
  • Keratinocytes
  • Fibroblast
  • Dendritic (Langerhans) cell
  • Melanocytes

Question 97

Question
Which of the following is a yellow-orange skin pigment?
Answer
  • Cyanide
  • Hemoglobin
  • Carotene
  • Melanin

Question 98

Question
What stand hairs on end, causing piloerection?
Answer
  • Arrector pili muscles
  • Epidermal ridges
  • Dermal papillae
  • Epithelial root sheath

Question 99

Question
The cuticle around a nail is the _____.
Answer
  • Perinychium
  • Eponychium
  • Lunula
  • Hyponychium

Question 100

Question
Eccrine glands produce ______.
Answer
  • Sebum
  • Hormones
  • Cerumen
  • Sweat containing mostly water

Question 101

Question
Mammary glands are specialized _______.
Answer
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Ceruminous glands
  • Holocene glands

Question 102

Question
Skin without keratin would be more likely to _____.
Answer
  • Be unable to thermoregulate
  • Lose the sensation of touch
  • Burn upon exposure to the sun
  • Tear upon being mechanically stressed.
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