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final exam cj 4900
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Questions in this quiz (120)
1She was a medical doctor in the Auschwitz death camps who killed children with oil and a surgical anesthetic. She removed organs and limbs from her victims.
- AChristine Falling
- BHerta Oberheuser
- CTerri Rachals
- DLeni Riefenstahl
2Of Hickey’s 2004 study, nearly _____ percent of the 367 cases (431 offenders) appeared since 1975.
- A60%
- B50%
- C80%
- D70%
3Diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, this offender was believed to be delusional when he bombed government office buildings in Oslo, Norway, killing eight and then traveling to the island of Otoya where he attacked a youth summer camp killing 69.
- AAnders Breivik
- BJoachim Kroll
- CRichard Doney
- DGerhard Schroeder
4Which is NOT true of offenders, according to Beauregard and Bouchard's 2010 study?
- AOffenders tended to be consistent in their forensic awareness and directed most of their efforts toward removing DNA that tied them to the crime scene.
- BOffenders who entered a victim's residence and engaged in specific sexual acts during the crime were also more likely to exhibit forensic awareness
- COffenders who had target preferences were more likely to take forensic precautions.
- DThey found that offenders under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol displayed less forensic awareness.
5What did the term "forensics" originally mean?
- Abelong to or used in crime labs
- Bbelong to or used in medicine
- Cbelong to or used in psychiatry
- Dbelong to or used in courts of law
6Who are the "quiet killers"?
- Apersons who kill with poisons
- Bmale hospital orderlies
- Cpersons who kill family members
- Dfemale serial killers
7This offender, a Texas nurse, was continually employed in a hospital long after numerous complaints and charges that she was injuring the children in her ward.
- AGenene Jones
- BMary Beth Tinning
- CHerta Oberheuser
- DKathleen Heide
8Females represent what percentage of all serial killers in Hickey's study?
- A34
- B8
- C26
- D15
9Between 1995 and 2004 the cases of serial murder _____.
- Asharply declined
- Bstayed the same as before 1975
- Crose only a little
- Dsharply inclined
10This group is referred to by Quinet as the "_____," or missing persons who were never reported as missing and some of whom could easily be victims of serial murder.
- Amissing missing
- Bpermanently missing
- Clong gone
- Dbozzios
11The face of serial victimization is changing gradually. Today there are _____.
- Amore cases of only female victims
- Bfewer strangers and more family members being targeted
- Cgreater number of victims per offender
- Da decrease in males being targeted
12According to Hickey, which of the following is NOT a key issue in exploring serial murder from a global perspective?
- AUnderstanding religion as a cultural factor in serial murder.
- BSerial murder is defined or viewed differently in other cultures.
- CMotives and methods for serial murder are influenced by cultural differences
- DU.S. serial murderer profiles are often contradicted by serial murderer profiles created by law enforcement agencies in other countries.
13Responsible for the Port Arthur massacre, this offender took approximately nine minutes to kill 35 men, women, and children. Most of the victims were tourists and local residents.
- AMartin Bryant
- BRichard Doney
- CGerhard Schroeder
- DJoachim Kroll
14Whom did Jack the Ripper particularly enjoy targeting?
- Achildren
- Belderly
- Cprostitutes
- Drich women
15What did an examination of German serial killers by the German police find?
- AMore of the European killers targeted the affluent.
- BAbout 70 percent of all homicides involving robberies and homicides were committed by serial murderers.
- CMore of the killers were likely to have deep childhood trauma when compared to U.S. serial killers.
- DHomicide from robberies was as frequent as homicide with sexual motivations.
16Murders represent less than _____ percent of all violent crimes in the United States.
- A1
- B35
- C10
- D25
17Single-homicide offenders kill _____.
- Amore children than either women or men
- Bmore women than men
- Cmore men than women
- Dmen and women with equal frequency
18Heckert and Ferraiolo (1996) conducted a study of college students to examine perceptions of female serial killers. What did they discover?
- AStudents thought female serial killers would have a criminal record and be adept at using poisons.
- BStudents thought female serial killers would be quite attractive.
- CStudents thought female serial killers would be insane.
- DStudents thought female serial killers would be in their 30s and slovenly.
19This is often critical to the outcome of criminal cases.
- Ahearsay
- Bphysical forensics
- Cintangible evidence
- Dacademic research
20Which is NOT true, according to Beauregard and Martineau (2012)?
- AOffenders may be learning from popular media how to decrease their chances of being caught and convicted.
- BOften forensic evidence is never sent to crime labs.
- CThere often is not increased evidence of identifying suspects, pressing charges, or securing convictions.
- DAll of the above are true.
21For profiling to fulfill its potential, law enforcement must do which of the following?
- Acollaborate more with the FBI
- Bcollaborate with academic and medical professionals
- Cimprove media relations
- Dcollaborate with profilers from other countries
22Media impact, management of departmental resources, and unusual complexity of any given case are rare problems associated with serial murder cases.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Victims, even in death, are often storybooks about the offender and the circumstances of the crime
- ATrue
- BFalse
24Race and ethnicity are often associated with specific types of violent crimes.
- ATrue
- BFalse
25Equivocal death profiling is also referred to as psychological autopsy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
26The Body Farm is an academic research facility at the University of West Georgia that studies the decomposition of the human body for forensic purposes.
- ATrue
- BFalse
27What is part of the serial-killer stereotype?
- AThey are exceptionally intelligent.
- BThey are employed.
- CThey are good-looking.
- DThey are stupid.
28Which is not one of the four "crime phases" of murderer behavior that investigators use to develop offender profiles and gain insight into their personalities?
- Apre-offense behavior
- Bbody disposal
- Cmethod and manner
- Dantecedent
29What did Beauregard and Mieczkowski (2012) note in their study of 201 sex offenders?
- AOffenders only harm women.
- Bbeing known to the perpetrator increases the risk of harm
- Cbeing a stranger to the perpetrator increases the risk of harm
- Dthe victim/offender relationship does not affect harm
30Which is not one of the three interlinked areas of profiling research that Salfati summarized?
- Aindividual differentiation
- Binferences about offender characteristics
- Cbehavioral consistency
- Dplace-specific behavior
31Who designed the radex model?
- ARonald Holmes
- BKim Rossmo
- CDavid Canter
- DRichard Kocsis
32Law enforcement agencies collect data, often using case studies or anecdotal information, which then is transformed into general descriptions of the types of persons most commonly associated with a certain type of criminal activity.
- Aequivocal death profiling
- Boffender profiling
- Ccrime scene profiling
- Dgeographic profiling
33According to Hickey, which of the following is the best response to reducing the number of serial murders?
- Ahire more law enforcement to investigate serial murder
- Bprovide appropriate therapy for traumatized children
- Creduce the number of appeals filed by serial offenders
- Dreduce violence in the home
34In the matter of serial killers, it seems that people are overwhelmingly in favor of _____.
- Along term mental health therapy
- Bexecution
- Clife without possibility of parole
- Dlong term prison sentences
35This research effort aims to scientifically standardize the definition of legal terms such as "heinous," "atrocious," "evil," and "depraved."
- Athe Body Farm
- Bthe Depravity Standard
- Cthe Hare Checklist
- Dthe Thesaurus of Evil
36Harbort noted that these German serial killers had the longest killing careers.
- Aoffenders with high IQs
- Bimmigrants to Germany
- Cless intelligent offenders
- Dfemale offenders
37Harbort found that these German serial killers were apprehended at a faster rate.
- Ayounger
- Bfemales
- Cmore intelligent
- Dless intelligent
38In the Harbort study, many of the German serial killers were found to be affected by this.
- Amental illnesses
- Bbrain abnormalities
- CKlinefelter’s Syndrome
- Dmental disorders
39Where was the VICLAS system developed?
- ASouth Africa
- BEngland
- CUnited States
- DCanada
40This offender was raised in a physically and sexually abusive home where he witnessed his alcoholic father raping his mother and sisters. He also engaged in sexually abusing his sisters and eventually ran away from home. He used hammers, knives, and scissors to kill both young girls and women. Eventually he was apprehended and sent to the guillotine.
- APeter Kurten
- BOrville Majors
- CMichael Swango
- DDonald Harvey
41Why did German serial killer Gerhard Schroeder kill prostitutes?
- AThey were easy targets.
- BHe thought they had money.
- CHe was a lust killer.
- DThey were attractive.
42African Americans are responsible for over ______ percent of homicides.
- A50
- B10
- C20
- D5
43African Americans constitute approximately _____ percent of offenders in the 2004 serial murder study.
- A40
- B30
- C10
- D20
44Which of the following mobility groups was least common but was responsible for the greatest average number of victims per offender and the greatest average number of victims per case?
- Atraveling
- Bsemi-local
- Clocal
- Dplace-specific
45Who first examined victim precipitation in the noted Philadelphia study?
- ADoerner and Lab
- BHirschi
- CWolfgang
- DMcDonald
46Which of the following statements is correct regarding victim facilitation in serial murder cases according to Hickey’s research?
- AMost victims were in the wrong place at the wrong time.
- BMost victims were found to be both high and low facilitation.
- CLess than 25 percent of victims were categorized as low facilitation.
- DOver two-thirds of all victims were generally in the right place at the wrong time.
47Wolfgang noted a preponderance of killings among the _____, where interpersonal violence was more "acceptable."
- Amiddle classes
- Bhigher socioeconomic classes
- Clower socioeconomic classes
- Dextremely wealthy
48Which of the following statements is correct?
- AMost serial offenders kill in at least two or more states.
- BFemale serial killers tend to kill over a longer period of time than their male counterparts.
- CMost victims of serial killers are murdered in or very close to their homes.
- DSerial killing is highly correlated to regional variations.
49Which of the following statements is correct?
- AMost female offenders were employed outside the home during the course of their killings.
- BFemales tend to kill more for revenge than any other motive.
- CSince the turn of the 20th century the number of victims per case killed by female serial offenders has fluctuated.
- DUnlike their male counterparts, about one third of female offenders were black.
50This offender admitted to having tried to kill two previous husbands in order to collect insurance. The day after she was sentenced to 20 years in prison, she married again in a ceremony performed by the same judge who sentenced her.
- AAileen Wuornos
- BLinda Sue Jones
- CBetty J. Neumar
- DMary Beth Tinning
51Which of the following is false of female serial killers?
- AMost never married.
- BMost of them were unemployed or listed no occupation.
- CThey tend to be viewed as anomalies in female homicide patterns.
- DAverage age is 40.
52In the Heckert and Ferraiolo study, most respondents imagined this of female serial killers.
- AThey used guns to dispatch victims.
- BThey have prior criminal records.
- CThey were brutal killers.
- DThey used torture techniques.
53When family members are the victims of female serial killers _____ are the primary targets.
- Aparents
- Bhusbands
- Csiblings
- Dchildren
54Female serial killers are most likely to be _____.
- Anever apprehended
- Bconfined to mental hospital
- Cgiven life in prison
- Dsent to death row/executed
55Women who kill rarely do so as a result of domestic conflicts and tend to kill multiple times
- ATrue
- BFalse
56Women who commit multiple murders typically use methods comparable to their male counterparts.
- ATrue
- BFalse
57Female serial killers tend to be typical in terms of female criminality.
- ATrue
- BFalse
58Some underlying issues in understanding gender-based psychopathy regarding females may include a firm grasp on reality.
- ATrue
- BFalse
59Most female serial murderers hold skilled occupations.
- ATrue
- BFalse
60Also referred to as criminal investigation analysis, this form of profiling is based upon the FBI model developed by their Behavioral Science Unit. Psychosocial data are compared to other similar cases and investigators engage in an experiential/informational guessing technique to reconstruct the offenders' personality.
- Aequivocal death profiling
- Bgeographic profiling
- Ccrime scene profiling
- Doffender profiling
61Today we know that violent criminal activity can be very complicated and well thought out in which area?
- Aexecution
- Bplanning
- Cfantasy
- Dall of the above
62A serious problem with the dichotomous model of organized and disorganized crime scenes is _____.
- Athe lack of rigorous reliability and validity testing
- Bthat it applies only to crime scenes involving violence
- Cinteragency co-operation
- Dthat it is used primarily by the FBI and not other law enforcement agencies
63This profiling tool is used to prioritize a variety of homicides and other serious crimes. Also known as criminal personality assessment, it is applied to other forms of profiling. Profilers match the personality characteristics of a certain type of offender with those of a suspect.
- Aoffender profiling
- Bequivocal death profiling
- Cgeographic profiling
- Dpsychological profiling
64Such profiling is empirically based and has not placed much value on motivation or personality. It does help law enforcement in deciding where to begin knocking on doors and setting up stakeouts.
- Acrime scene profiling
- Bequivocal death profiling
- Cgeographic profiling
- Doffender profiling
65Why is Joachim Georg Kroll, the Laundry Room Killer, of particular interest to German profilers?
- AHe killed babies left unattended.
- BHe wore underwear stolen from people he had killed
- CHe had a low IQ.
- DHe was unemployed but had an extremely high IQ.
66What is a "superkiller?"
- ASomeone who kills large numbers of victims and is never caught
- BSomeone who travels the world.
- CSomeone who has claimed or been accused of murdering hundreds of victims
- DSomeone who has actually murdered hundreds of victims.
67Since the end of World War II, how many cases of serial murder has Canada documented?
- Anone
- B187
- COver 50
- D10
68He murdered 11 children and teens with a hammer because he "did not want them to suffer as he had suffered." He contended that his killings were "mercy killings" that would never have happened had those children been raised in loving homes.
- AAndrei Chikatilo
- BArthur Shawcross
- CClifford Olson
- DOttis Toole
69What is the "Highway of Tears?"
- Athe stretch of Route 66 from Tucumcari, New Mexico, to Los Angeles, California
- BClinton Road in West Milford, New Jersey
- Ca stretch of two-lane highway from Prince Rupert, B.C., to Prince George, B.C., and on to Edmonton, Alberta
- DThere is no actual highway; it is a metaphor.
70According to the FBI, who was the first documented female serial killer?
- ALinda Sue Jones
- BAileen Wuornos
- CMary Beth Tinning
- DNannie Hazel Doss
71According to the FBI, which of the following would best fit the definition of male serial killer?
- AMarie Hilley
- BAileen Wuornos
- CMary Beth Tinning
- DKristen Gilbert
72Regardless of sex, homicide usually involves an offender and a victim who are _____ to each other.
- Aopposed
- Bunknown
- Cacquainted or related
- Dstrangers
73Since 1975, female serial killers have been more likely to target which type of victim?
- Afamily and acquaintances
- Bstrangers
- Cacquaintances
- Dfamily
74Which of the following statements is correct?
- AMost female offenders acted alone.
- BThe most common motive reported by female offenders for killing victims was a combination of motives.
- CFemale offenders generally target specific age groups.
- DThe most common method used by female offenders to kill their victims is suffocation.
75In the case of _____ victims, some offenders took years to systematically kill each one.
- Achild
- Bacquaintance
- Csibling
- Dhusband
76Which of the following used rat poison laced with arsenic to kill at least four of her husbands, her mother, two children, and several other relatives
- AGenene Jones
- BNannie Doss
- CChristine Falling
- DTerry Rachals
77Which of the following is true of U.S. female serial killers?
- AMost killed at least one elderly person.
- BFew killed from all age groups.
- CWhen adults were killed they were more likely to be female victims.
- DMost killed children, not adults
78Female serial killers were most likely to be _____ in their mobility.
- Aregional
- Bplace-specific
- Clocal
- Dtraveling
79Among serial killers who had at least one partner and traveled from state to state, a _____ proportion involved female offenders.
- Asmall
- Bmedian
- Csignificantly high
- Dmoderate
80Since 1975, the number of _____ female offenders has appeared to have dropped considerably, while their male counterparts have remained about the same.
- Alocal
- Btraveling
- Cgender-specific
- Dplace-specific
81Who were the "poison eaters?"
- ANurses who over time fed poison to their patients and some to themselves to conceal their crimes.
- BPeople who ingested potassium chloride to improve their physical appearance.
- CPeople who deliberately ingested arsenic.
- DVictims who were given poison by females serial killers.
82In terms of psychopathy, Verona and Vitale note that females likely have differing norms for aggression that may require a higher level of this in order to for them to engage in violent behavior.
- Atestosterone
- Bphysical strength
- Cfrustration
- Dpsychopathic traits
83Obese, epileptic, and abused, this female serial killer experienced a traumatized childhood. She admitted to smothering to death five small children in her care so "no one would hear them scream."
- AChristine Falling
- BGenene Jones
- CTerri Rachals
- DNancy Hazel Doss
84According to some researchers, mothers who commit filicide also _____.
- Akill their siblings
- Buse psychotropic medications
- Cattempt suicide
- Dkill their husbands
85What is the most common motivation for female serial murderers?
- Amoney
- Benjoyment
- Csex
- Dtrauma
86Lombroso considered the female offender to be _____.
- Apsychologically more cruel and vicious than the male offender
- Binsane
- Cpsychologically similar to the male offender
- Dphysically fairly similar to the male offender in facial appearance
87The percentage of victims killed by local offenders between 1975 and 2004 has increased noticeably.
- ATrue
- BFalse
88Most serial murderers operate in a specific place or general urbanized area.
- ATrue
- BFalse
89Serial murderers rarely have distinctive victim-selection criteria, motivations, and sexual interests
- ATrue
- BFalse
90Female serial murderers killed for shorter periods than their male counterparts.
- ATrue
- BFalse
91In any given year it has been estimated that 100-200 serial killers may be active.
- ATrue
- BFalse
92Heterosexual serial killers target gay men how often?
- Athe same as they target heterosexual men
- Brarely
- Csometimes
- Dall the time
93This offender became known by the media as the "Scorecard Killer."
- ARandy Kraft
- BHerb Baumeister
- CDean Corll
- DJohn Wayne Gacy
94In the case of the Prostitute Murders in California, (2000- 2001), what was the reason given for the killer to stab the youngest victim nearly 150 times and mutilate her face?
- AShe laughed at him because he was impotent.
- BShe had cheated him out of money.
- CShe had cheated him out of drugs.
- DHe wanted to make her ugly like all prostitutes he killed.
95This process occurs when digestive enzymes eat from the body, causing the tissue to liquefy.
- Aretrogestation
- Bhomeostasis
- Cputrefaction
- Drigor mortis
96Which of the following is a false statement regarding the Body Farm in Tennessee?
- AThere are currently five such facilities operating in the United States.
- BApproximately 40-50 bodies of inmates who died in prison are donated yearly.
- CBodies are observed decomposing under controlled conditions.
- DRemains are often skeletonized and added to the research collection.
97The following are types of forensic evidence inspection and analysis performed in crime labs except
- Aglass and soil fragments
- Barson analysis including flammable residues and explosives.
- Cmental health diagnosis
- Dhair, fibers, and paint analysis
98Keppel examined the solvability factors involved in serial murder investigations. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
- Aquality of investigations at the crime scene
- Bquality of court procedures during the preliminary hearing
- Cquality of police interviews with eyewitnesses
- Dquality of scientific analysis of the physical evidence
99What was the real problem facing profilers in attempting to effectively profile the D.C. Snipers?
- Atheir mobility
- Btheir race and the number of offenders
- Cineffective eye witnesses
- Dthe variety of rifles used in the killings
100This research suggests that crimes are more likely to occur closer to an offender's domicile and that the farther away he/she travels from home base the fewer crimes they will commit.
- Aroad crime
- Bjourney-to-crime
- Cvacation crime
- Dtraveling crime
101Serial predators prefer to operate within comfort zones and experience _____ as they leave that comfort zone.
- Aexcitement
- Bdiscomfort
- Ca distance decay function
- Ddeep depression
102This theory suggests that offenders are more likely to act on their first opportunity in relation to their buffer zone.
- Astrain
- Bcrime pattern
- Crational choice
- Droutine activity
103This theory suggests that crime occurs when an opportunity arises within the normal areas an offender travels, such as to and from work, recreation, school, and community activities.
- Alife-course
- Bcrime pattern
- Croutine activity theory
- Drational choice
104According to Rossmo, which offender style prefers to travel away from home to hunt victims?
- Atroller
- Btrapper
- Cpoacher
- Dhunter
105A geographic profile does not include this.
- Amental maps
- Bmobility
- Cdistance
- Dtime
106Which of the following was one of the findings of Operation Police Lure?
- ABoys were seldom the primary target.
- BThe most effective lure used by offenders was to offer the child a ride to or from school.
- CChildren were approached most frequently between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.
- DChildren ages 10-12 were the most likely targets.
107Operation Police Lure revealed that which lure was most often used by child abductors/molesters?
- Aasking for help
- Binviting the child to have his/her picture taken
- Coffering candy or treats
- Doffering a ride home in their car
108This was the primary motive for killing children reported by male serial offenders.
- Amental illness
- Bsexual gratification
- Crevenge
- Dthrills
109What is the primary motive reported by female serial offenders for killing children?
- Asexual gratification
- Bthrills
- Cmonetary gain
- Drevenge
110Most serial offenders who are white usually are also lower middle class or middle class, and their homicides tend to be _____.
- Ainterracial
- Bof a specific race chosen by the offender
- Cof any race
- Dintraracial
111Of the 420 serial killers examined in the Hickey study, approximately what percent killed at least one child?
- A40
- B65
- C10
- D24
112Which of the following statements is true?
- AAs Japan's pornography industry expands the number of sex crimes has markedly increased.
- BAs Japan's pornography industry expands the number of sex crimes has markedly decreased.
- CSerial murder in Japan has increased due to the increase in sex crimes.
- DSerial murder in Japan has decreased due to the decrease in sex crimes.
113Japanese male offenders were more likely than their American male counterparts to murder using this method.
- Apoison
- Bstabbing
- Cstrangulation
- Dguns
114Born in 1966 east of Johannesburg, South Africa, this offender became a prime example of cases that do not fit traditional profiles of violent offenders.
- AMartin Bryant
- BFritz Haarmann
- CAnders Breivik
- DStewart Wilken
115Which of the following is NOT one of Raj's types of mutilation?
- Atorture
- Bagressive
- Coffensive
- Ddefensive
116American serial killers were slightly more likely to be involved in postmortem activities including mutilation.
- ATrue
- BFalse
117Japan is among the countries with high rates of serial murder.
- ATrue
- BFalse
118Few countries appear to have a problem with certain offenders being defined as "superkillers," meaning offenders who claim outrageous victim counts.
- ATrue
- BFalse
119German serial murderers are less prone than American serial murderers to take trophies and travel large distances to find victims.
- ATrue
- BFalse
120Few serial murderers are found to be insane in the eyes of the law.
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- Quiz on final exam cj 4900, created by Krystal Serrano on 01/12/2024.
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