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Inkom 1,2
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Questions in this quiz (58)
1Definition of public relations (Grunig & Hunt)
- APublic Relations is the management of communication between an
organization and its publics - Bsi
- APublic Relations is the management of communication between an
2Definition public relations (Bentele 1995)
- APublic relations is the management of information and communication
processes - Bbetween organizations on the one hand
- Cand their internal and external environments (publics) on the other
- APublic relations is the management of information and communication
3What are the funds of public relations (bentele 1995)?
- Ainformation
- Bcommunication
- Cpersuasion
- Dcontinuous earning of trust
- Eimage building
- Fconflict
management - Gcreation of social consensus
4What are publics?
- ASpecialized groups whose members have a reason to be interested in the activities and behaviors of organizations
- Bmoin
5How can publics be identified and classified?
- Aaccording to how aware they are of a problem
- Band how active they are in relation to it.
6What is a latent public?
- AIndividuals who are facing a similar problem but do not (yet) recognize it as such
- Bah
7What is an aware public?
- AIndividuals who recognize that this problem exists, but do nothing (yet)
- Boui
8What is an active public?
- AIndividuals who organize themselves to deal with this problem
- Bmi
9What is an activistic public?
- AIndividuals who seek to activate others in order to mobilize them to achieve their goals
- Blol
10What is a non public public?
- AIndividuals who don’t face a similar problem.
- Bok
11What are the main environments of an organization?
- ASociety
- BTechnology
- CNature
- DEconomy
12What are the main Stakeholders in the business arena?
- ACompetition
- BSuppliers/Partners
- CCustomers
13What are the main Stakeholders in the public arena?
- ACitizens/Public
- BGovernment
14What are the main stakeholders in the internal arena?
- AEmployees
- B.
15What are the main stakeholders in the financial arena?
- AInvestors
- B.
16Definition stakeholder Freeman 1984
- Aany group or individual
- Bwho can affect or is affected
- Cby the achievement of
the organization’s objectives
17How do different types of publics differ within the stakeholder groups
- Ain the extent to which they communicate actively, passively, or not at all about organizational decisions that affect them.
- B.
18What is Strategic communication?
- AThe deliberate and goal-oriented communication
- Bof an actor to the public on behalf of an organization,
- Cin order to achieve defined goals.
19Goals of Strategic communication:
- Againing market share
- Bpolitical following
- Cpositive reputation
- Dbringing about social change
- Eetc
20What is strategic communication (Hallahan et al. 2007)?
- AThe purposeful communication
- Bby an organization
- Cto fulfill its mission
21What is necessary for an organization in order to make possible clear and realistic business objectives? (Drucker 1973)
- AA clear definition of the mission and purpose of the organization
- B.
22What is a mission statement (Pearce 1982)?
- AA broadly defined but enduring statement of purpose
- Bthat distinguishes the organization from others of its type
- Cand identifies the scope of its operations in product (service) and market terms
23Globalization definition
- Ais about the connections between different regions of the world
- Band the ways in which they change and increase over time.
24Globalization:
- AIt is a process (or set of processes):
- B- embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and
transactions, - C- expressed in transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and
power.
25Types of change that characterize globalization
- AWidening of social, political and economic activities across frontiers, regions and continents.
- BIntensification of interconnectedness and flows of:
- trade
- investment
- finance
- migration
- culture
- etc - CSpeeding up of global interactions and processes:
- development of world-wide systems of transport and communication -> increases velocity of the diffusion of ideas, goods, information, capital and people - DThis deepens the impact -> effects of distant events can be highly significant
elsewhere and specific local developments can come to have considerable global
consequences
26Increased diversity and complexity
- AGlobal markets are characterized by multiple and diverse stakeholders (competitors,
governments, consumers, employees etc.) - Bthat vary in knowledge, beliefs, values, ethical norms, preferences, behaviors.
- AGlobal markets are characterized by multiple and diverse stakeholders (competitors,
27What is the "global mindset" (Begley & Boyd, 2003)?
- AThe ability to develop and interpret criteria for business performance
- Bthat are not dependent on the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context
- Cand to implement those criteria appropriately in different countries, cultures
and contexts
28International PR encompasses:
- Aall internal and external communication activities of a company or organization
- Bgoal:
build relationships with stakeholder groups in other nations or
cultures - Ccomprises PR strategies, programs and measures that are planned and implemented
across national or cultural borders.
29What is Comparative PR research (cross-national and cross-cultural)?
- Aaddresses question of cross-border commonalities (general principles) and national or
cultural differences of PR (specific applications) - B.
- Aaddresses question of cross-border commonalities (general principles) and national or
30Internationalization definition
- AThe process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets;
is facilitated by globalization - B.
- AThe process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets;
31What is a demand of internationalization?
- Across-border, cross-cultural communication from companies with
geographical, temporal, cultural and linguistic differences - B.
- Across-border, cross-cultural communication from companies with
32Can cross-cultural communication also take place intranationally?
- AYes, as different cultures often exist within one nation
- B.
33What are the general surrounding conditions of international PR?
- ACultural factors
- BEconomic factors
- CTechnological factors
- DPolitical & legal factors
34What are the specific surrounding conditions of international PR?
- AStakeholders
- BMedia
- COpinion leaders
35Definition culture (Neuliep 2015):
- ACulture is
- Ban accumulated pattern of values, beliefs and behaviors
- Cshared by an identifiable group of people
- Dwith a common history and verbal and nonverbal symbol systems
36What are the dimensions of cultural variability?
- APower distance
- BIndivisualism vs. collectisvism
- CUncertainty avoidance
- DFeminity vs. masculinity
- ELong-term orientation
- FRestraint vs. indulgence
37What are the two dimensions of power distance
- AEgalitarian vs. embraces hierarchy
- B.
38What are the two dimensions of individualism vs. collectisvism?
- AIndividualist vs. collectivist
- B.
39What are the two dimensions of uncertainty avoidance?
- AUncomfortable with uncertainty vs. comfortable with uncertainty
- B.
40What are the two dimensions of feminity vs. masculinity?
- ACaring important vs. power important (achievement, success)
- B.
41What are the two dimensions of long-term orientation?
- AConcerned with past and present vs. concerned about the future
- B.
42What are the two dimensions of restraint vs. indulgence?
- AStricht social norms vs. relatively free gratification
- B.
43Individualism
- AIndividuals’ goals over group goals
- BValuing personal independence (freedom of
choice, personal autonomy, achieving selffulfillment) - CPeople are taught to be unique, creative, selfreliant, assertive
- DBelongingness to many groups with rather shortlived affiliation
- ESocial control depends more on personal guilt
than on shame
44Collectivism
- AAssumption that groups bind and mutually
obligate individuals - BInterdependence, sense of duty to group,
responsibility is shared, and accountability is
collective - CSubordinating personal goals for the sake of
preserving in-group - DHarmony with others
- EAssociations with groups may last a lifetime
- FSocial control depends more on shame than
personal guilt
- AAssumption that groups bind and mutually
45What are the communication consequences of individualism?
- A• Focus on informational function of communication
- B• Rewarding a person’s uniqueness; awarding individuals publicly
- C• Focus on individual
- D• Same value standards applied to all
- E• Emotional expression
- F• Direct communication style
46Communication consequences of collectivism?
- A• Focus on relational function of communication
- B• An individual who stands out disrupts harmony
- C• Focus on family linkages, ancestry
- D• Consciousness of in-group / out-group distinctions
- E• Indirect communication style
47Low- and high-context communication
- AHuman communication is dependent on the context in which it occurs
- B,
48What are the different contexts of human communication?
- A− Cultural: cultural dimensions like individualism or collectivism
- B− Physical: geographical location (e.g., office, classroom, beach)
- C− Sociorelational: relationship between interactants (e.g., superior/subordinate, teacher/student)
- D− Perceptual: Attitudes, motivations, and cognitive dispositions of the interactants
49What is low-context communication related to?
- AIndividualism
- B.
50How can low-context communication be described?
- AMeanings are contained mainly in the transmitted verbal messages
- B.
51What are the factors of low-context communication?
- A- direct (say what you think)
- B- precise and explicit
- C- disclosing person-based information
- D- communciation expected to be consistent with feelings
- E- silence is uncomfortable
52What is high-context communication related to?
- ACollectisvism
- B.
53How can high-context communication be described?
- AMeanings are embedded in the person or in the sociocultural context
- B.
54What are the main factors of high-context communication?
- A• indirect and ambiguous language (people should be able to interpretate it)
- B• adjusting communication to maintain harmony
- C• disclosing group-based information
- D• use of understatements
- E• Silence communicates mutual understanding
55Definition values Schwartz 1992:
- AValues are concepts or beliefs
- Bthat pertain to outcomes and behaviors
- Cguide the selection and evaluation of behaviors
- Dand are rank ordered according to their relative importance to the individual
56How does everyone have a unique set of values?
- AThey are influenced by the values that are representative of the particular culture in
which the individual was socialized. - B.
- AThey are influenced by the values that are representative of the particular culture in
57What are the 10 basic human values (Schwartz)?
- ASelf-Direction
- BStimulation
- CHedonism
- DAchievement
- EPower
- FSecurity
- GConformity
- HTradition
- IBenevolence
- JUniversalism
58What are the different features of value?
- A• Linked to affect: Arousal (pos. or neg.) when value is triggered
- B• Linked to goals that motivate action: e.g. benevolence → helping others
- C• Transcend specific actions or situations: e.g. achievement at work, school, home …
- D• Serve as a standard for deciding what is good or bad, right or wrong
- E• Are ranked hierarchically: Individuals order and prioritize their values
- F• Attitudes and behavior are typically driven by more than one value
Information
- Description
- Quiz on Inkom 1,2, created by Koster Laura on 19/03/2025.
- Author
- Koster Laura
- Language
- English
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