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AMI

jimmy_sheehan318
Quiz by jimmy_sheehan318, updated more than 1 year ago
jimmy_sheehan318
Created by jimmy_sheehan318 over 5 years ago
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Description

AMI pathology and treatment

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Match the artery to the supply of myocardium and leads of ECG [blank_start]R) Coronary Artery[blank_end]....R) Atrium, SA & AV nodes, Inferior wall of R) ventricle....Lead 1,2 & AVF [blank_start]R) Marginal[blank_end]...Inferior wall of R) Ventricle, Apex of Heart....Leads 1, 2 & AVF R) Posterior Interventricular....R) & L) ventricles, Posterior intermuscular septum....Leads [blank_start]V1, V2[blank_end] (depression) [blank_start]L) Anterior Descending[blank_end]....L) ventricle anterior wall, Anteroseptal, Anteroapical....V1-4, [blank_start]L) Circumflex[blank_end]....Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Anterolateral Wall...V5-V6, Lead 1, avL
Answer
  • R) Coronary Artery
  • R) Anterior Artery
  • R) Marginal
  • L) Marginal
  • L) Circumflex
  • L) Interventricular
  • L) Anterior Descending
  • Great Cardiac Vein
  • V1, V2
  • V4-V6

Question 2

Question
Macrophages which are transformed into foam cells, secrete cytokines which propagate atherosclerosis?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
ST segment: The ST segment represents the time interval at the end of [blank_start]ventricular depolarisation[blank_end] to the time of [blank_start]ventricular repolarisation[blank_end]. At this time there is no difference in electrical potential, therefore there is no deflection, and this segment should be isoelectric. Changes in the ST segment are caused by disturbances in repolarisation and may be reflected in elevation or depression of ST segment. The ST segment is measured from the [blank_start]end[blank_end] of the QRS complex to the [blank_start]beginning[blank_end] of the T wave.
Answer
  • ventricular repolarisation
  • ventricular contraction
  • ventricular depolarisation
  • Ventricular contraction
  • end
  • start
  • beginning
  • end

Question 4

Question
Which of these are characteristics of PR interval?
Answer
  • Measured from end of P wave to beginning of QRS?
  • Measured from start of P wave to beginning of QRS?
  • Represent time required for impulse to depolarise atria, traverse AV node and enter ventricular system.
  • Normally 0.08-0.12
  • Normally 0.12-0.20

Question 5

Question
QRS complex: Normal duration/ interval [blank_start]0.08- 0.10[blank_end] secs. The QRS complex reflects [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] depolarisation (NOT ventricular contraction, which is associated with ST). Not every QRS complex contains a Q wave, R wave and S wave; it depends on the position of the lead and underlying myocardium.
Answer
  • 0.08- 0.10
  • 0.12-0.20
  • ventricular
  • atrial

Question 6

Question
Angina is caused by decreased blood supply within the coronary arteries causing [blank_start]ischaemia[blank_end]. It normally occurs during periods of strenuous activity where the heart cannot meet the O2 requirements of the myocardial tissue. Stable angina- physical exertion, [blank_start]responds[blank_end] to rest and medication Unstable angina- does not respond to rest or medication Variant angina- Caused by [blank_start]coronary[blank_end] spasm
Answer
  • ischaemia
  • responds
  • coronary

Question 7

Question
Treatment of angina is normally through?
Answer
  • GTN- causes vasodilation of the coronary vessels via increased cGMP
  • Aspirin- irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes which reduces prostaglandins and thromboxane
  • Stenting
  • beta-blockers

Question 8

Question
The pathology of coronary artery atherosclerosis involves [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] endothelial injury, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle migration from [blank_start]tunica media[blank_end] to tunica intima, engulfment by [blank_start]macrophages[blank_end], formation of foam cells, proliferation of SMC's and collagen.
Answer
  • chronic
  • acute
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
  • macrophages
  • debris
  • lipids

Question 9

Question
Which layers will typically be first to undergo infarction?
Answer
  • pericardial
  • myocardial
  • subendocardial

Question 10

Question
List the most common pathological conditions affecting the pericardium?
Answer
  • Cardiac Tamponade- fluid within the pericardial sac
  • Pericarditis- inflammation of the pericardium relieved by sitting up and worsened by supine
  • Pericardial effusion which can be haemoserous, fibrinoserous, suppuratives.
  • Pericardial Cancer

Question 11

Question
GTN is A [blank_start]prodrug[blank_end] which first must be denitrated to produce its active form [blank_start]nitrous oxide[blank_end]. Nitrous oxide released increases [blank_start]guanylyl cyclase[blank_end] activity this results in increased cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase that activates MLC [blank_start]phosphatase[blank_end]. MLC [blank_start]dephosphorylation[blank_end]-- VSMC relaxation.
Answer
  • prodrug
  • vasopressor
  • nitrous oxide
  • nitrous oxide synthase
  • guanylyl cyclase
  • adenylyl cyclase
  • phosphatase
  • kinase
  • dephosphorylation
  • phoshorylation

Question 12

Question
B- blockers competitively antagonise B-adrenergic receptors in cardiac nodal tissue and myocytes. They block NA & A from binding. B-adrenergic receptors are couped to a G-Protein, which activates adenylyl cyclase to form cAMP from ATP. Increased cAMP activates a cAMP dependent protein kinase A that phosphorylates L-type calcium channels, which causes increased calcium entry into the cell. Contraindications to b-blockers are?
Answer
  • Unstable angina
  • asthma
  • stroke
  • severe PVD

Question 13

Question
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX enzyme. Which line of cyclo-oxygenase will regenerate first?
Answer
  • Prostaglandins
  • Thromboxane

Question 14

Question
Which factors does heparin inhibit in order to prevent the coagulation cascade form forming fibrin.
Answer
  • Factor 2
  • Factor 3
  • Factor 7
  • Factor 10

Question 15

Question
Warfarin inhibits activation of vitamin K via inhibition of vitamin k epoxide.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Dual therapy of [blank_start]clopidogrel[blank_end] and aspirin is used because the endothelial cells will eventually replenish the levels of prostaglandin and thromboxane, but [blank_start]clopidogrel[blank_end] can inactive platelets for a lengthy period of time until they are replenished by haemopoeisis.
Answer
  • clopidogrel
  • clopidogrel
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