1-30 Lipids

1. 16.1. Select the regulatory effects of cholesterol delivered to cells via LDL receptors:
   

   1. Aa) inhibits the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG)
   2. Bb) inhibits the enzyme acylcholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT)
   3. Cc) inhibits the synthesis of LDL-receptors
   4. Dd) activates the enzyme lecithincholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT)
   5. Ee) activates cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)
2. 26.2. Select the correct statements regarding lipoprotein(a):
   

   1. Aa) represents a lipoprotein with an antiatherogenic role
   2. Bb) possesses structural analogy with HDL
   3. Cc) contains a lot of cholesterol
   4. Dd) contains apo B-100 and apo(a)
   5. Ee) is catabolized by means of LDL-receptors
3. 36.3. Select the most common causes of familial hyperchylomicronemia (HLP type I):
   

   1. Aa) lecithincholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) enzyme deficiency
   2. Bb) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency
   3. Cc) apolipoprotein C-II deficiency
   4. Dd) LDL-receptor mutations
   5. Ee) apolipoprotein E polymorphism
4. 46.4. Select lipid profile changes characteristic of familial hyperchylomicronemia
   (HLP type I):
   

   1. Aa) increase in plasma values of apoA
   2. Bb) severe hypertriglyceridemia
   3. Cc) increase in HDL-cholesterol concentration
   4. Dd) the presence of chylomicronsto fastin blood
   5. Ee) lack of VLDL and LDL
5. 56.5. Select the hereditary defects associated with familial hypercholesterolemia:
   

   1. Aa) ABCA1 membrane transporter defect
   2. Bb) apolipoprotein A-II deficiency
   3. Cc) apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency
   4. Dd) LDL-receptor mutations
   5. Ee) mutations with "loss of function" of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type
6. 66.6. Select lipid profile changes characteristic of familial hypercholesterolemia:
   

   1. Aa) high level of HDL-cholesterol
   2. Bb) increased values of LDL-cholesterol
   3. Cc) low concentration of apoB-100
   4. Dd) high concentrations of total cholesterol
   5. Ee) lack of chylomicrons and VLDL
7. 76.7. Select the correct statements regarding sitosterolemia:
   

   1. Aa) is caused by high expression of ABCA-1
   2. Bb) is determined by ABCG-5 and ABCG-8 deficiency
   3. Cc) is associated with a high cardiovascular risk
   4. Dd) is characterized by an increase in the plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol
   5. Ee) a distinctive clinical sign of the disease is moderate hemolysis
8. 86.8. Regarding LCAT (lecithincholesterolacyl transferase) enzyme deficiency, the statements are
   correct:
   

   1. Aa) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the tissues
   2. Bb) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of cholesterol esters in HDL
   3. Cc) leads to early atherosclerosis
   4. Dd) is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of HDL in the blood
   5. Ee) is clinically manifested by acute pancreatitis attacks
9. 96.9. Select the correct answers regarding familial a-beta-lipoproteinemia:
   

   1. Aa) is caused by defective synthesis of apoproteins B
   2. Bb) is determined by the high expression of LDL-receptors
   3. Cc) is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia
   4. Dd) is characterized by malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
   5. Ee) leads to early atherosclerosis
10. 106.10. Select the correct answers regarding familial an-alpha-lipoproteinemia (Tangier disease):
    

    1. Aa) is determined by the hereditary defect of the ABCA-1 transporter
    2. Bb) can be caused by mutations of ABCG-5 and ABCG-8 transporters
    3. Cc) causes the accumulation of cholesterol esters in the tissues
    4. Dd) is characterized by low plasma values of LDL-cholesterol
    5. Ee) presents antiatherogenic protection

11. 116.11. Select the correct answers regarding combined hyperlipidemia:
    

    1. Aa) represents the increase in the concentration of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol
    2. Bb) represents the increase in chylomicron and VLDL values
    3. Cc) is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia
    4. Dd) can be accompanied by a decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentration
    5. Ee) can be hereditary and/or acquired
12. 126.12. Select atherogenic lipoproteins:
    

    1. Aa) chylomicrons
    2. Bb) IDL
    3. Cc) LDL
    4. Dd) HDL
    5. Ee) lipoprotein
13. 136.13. Select the diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia:
    

    1. Aa) familial hyperchylomicronemia
    2. Bb) familial hypercholesterolemia
    3. Cc) clinical hypothyroidism
    4. Dd) familial alpha-lipoproteinemia
    5. Ee) hepatic cholestasis
14. 146.14. Regarding isolated hypertriglyceridemia, the statements are correct:
    

    1. Aa) is caused by the increase in the content of LDL and HDL
    2. Bb) is caused by increased chylomicron and/or VLDL content
    3. Cc) is present in familial hypercholesterolemia
    4. Dd) presents a high cardiovascular risk
    5. Ee) is at high risk for pancreatitis
15. 156.15. Select the biochemical mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic dyslipidemia (from type II diabetes):
    

    1. Aa) increased synthesis of triglycerides and VLDL in the liver
    2. Bb) increased activity of LDL-receptors
    3. Cc) decrease in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity
    4. Dd) decreasing the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase
    5. Ee) increased synthesis of phospholipids in the liver
16. 166.16. Select the lipid profile changes that make up the "diabetic triad":
    

    1. Aa) reduction of HDL-cholesterol
    2. Bb) hypertriglyceridemia
    3. Cc) decrease in LP(a) concentration
    4. Dd) the presence of small and dense LDL
    5. Ee) increase in apoA-I concentration
17. 176.17. Select the lipid changes that fall within the defining criteria of the metabolic syndrome (according to IDF – International Diabetes Federations, 2005):
    

    1. Aa) total cholesterol <5mmol/L
    2. Bb) HDL-cholesterol <1.1 mmol/L for women and <0.9 mmol/L for men
    3. Cc) triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L
    4. Dd) LDL-cholesterol <3mmol/L
    5. Ee) apoB <1g/L
18. 186.18. Select the clinical conditions and laboratory changes that fall within the IDF
    (International Diabetes Federations. 2005) criteria for defining the metabolic syndrome:
    

    1. Aa) waist circumference >80 cm for women and >94 cm for men
    2. Bb) HDL-cholesterol >1.1 mmol/L for women and >0.9 mmol/L for men
    3. Cc) triglycerides <1.7 mmol/L
    4. Dd) arterial hypertension >130/85 mmHg
    5. Ee) fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L
19. 196.19. Select the correct statement regarding dyslipidemia from hypothyroidism:
    

    1. Aa) is determined by the decrease in the expression of LDL-receptors
    2. Bb) is determined by the increased synthesis of apo A-I
    3. Cc) is caused by the acceleration of the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids
    4. Dd) is characterized by an increase in HDL-cholesterol concentration
    5. Ee) is characterized by hypocholesterolemia
20. 206.20. Select the changes that are part of the "atherogenic lipid profile":
    

    1. Aa) hypotriglyceridemia
    2. Bb) lowering the concentration of HDL-cholesterol
    3. Cc) increase in LDL-cholesterol values
    4. Dd) increasing the content of chylomicrons
    5. Ee) absence of LP(a)
21. 216.21. Oxidized LDL are involved in atherogenesis through the following effects, with an exception:
    

    1. Aa) decrease endothelial permeability
    2. Bb) stimulates the endothelial release of chemotactic factors for monocytes
    3. Cc) stimulates endothelial expression of adhesion molecules for monocytes
    4. Dd) stimulates the adhesion of platelets to the endothelium
    5. Ee) stimulates the formation of "foam cells"
22. 226.22. HDL have an antiatherogenic role through the following effects, with an exception:
    

    1. Aa) inhibits the formation of lipid peroxides
    2. Bb) inhibits the synthesis and secretion of chemotactic factors for monocytes
    3. Cc) protects LDL from oxidation through the activity of the enzyme LCAT and paraoxonase
    4. Dd) stimulates the formation of "foam cells"
    5. Ee) stimulates the mobilization of cholesterol from the cells
23. 236.23. Select screening tests used to determine whether or not a patient has a disorder of lipid metabolism:
    

    1. Aa) total cholesterol
    2. Bb) apolipoprotein B
    3. Cc) lipoprotein(a)
    4. Dd) triglycerides
    5. Ee) HDL-cholesterol
24. 246.24. Selectspecial tests used to confirm and/or establish the type of primary dyslipidemia:
    

    1. Aa) apo E phenotyping
    2. Bb) testing the activity of LDL receptors
    3. Cc) determination of triglycerides
    4. Dd) testing of postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity
    5. Ee) calculation of LDL-cholesterol
25. 256.25. Calculation of the concentration of LDL-cholesterol is carried out according to the Friedewald formula. Select the situations when the Friedewald formula is not valid for calculating LDL cholesterol:
    

    1. Aa) high total cholesterol values
    2. Bb) diabetes associated with pronounced hypertriglyceridemia
    3. Cc) familial dys-β-lipoproteinemia (HLP type III))
    4. Dd) high HDL-cholesterol content
    5. Ee) increased triglyceride values (>4.5mmol/L)
26. 266. 26. Although apoB indirectly reflects LDL concentration, there are situations when apoB concentration is increased and LDL-Chol values are normal. What information does the
    disproportionate increase in apoB concentration provide?
    

    1. Aa) increased concentration of HDL
    2. Bb) increasing the concentration of chylomicrons
    3. Cc) decrease in IDL plasma concentration
    4. Dd) the presence of small and dense LDL
    5. Ee) absence of LP(a)
27. 276. 27. Select the main mechanism of action of statins:
    

    1. Aa) decrease the expression of LDL-receptors
    2. Bb) inhibits the hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme
    3. Cc) activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
    4. Dd) inhibits lecithincholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
    5. Ee) activates hepatic lipase (HL)
28. 286. 28. Select the main mechanism of action of resins (bile acid sequestrants):
    

    1. Aa) activates the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
    2. Bb) inhibits lecithincholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
    3. Cc) binds bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption
    4. Dd) inhibits cholesterol uptake by the liver
    5. Ee) stimulates the intestinal absorption of lipids
29. 296.29. Select the factors that can contribute to the increase in plasma cholesterol
    concentration:
    

    1. Aa) dietary abuse of cholesterol and/or saturated fats
    2. Bb) high dietary fiber intake
    3. Cc) advanced age
    4. Dd) systematic practice of physical exercise
    5. Ee) vegetarian diet
30. 306.30. Select the factors that can contribute to the increase in the plasma concentration of
    triglycerides:
    

    1. Aa) sedentarism
    2. Bb) dietary abuse of refined carbohydrates
    3. Cc) high dietary fiber intake
    4. Dd) abusive consumption of alcohol
    5. Ee) vegan diet

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Quiz on 1-30 Lipids, created by ppppp oooo on 08/05/2026.

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