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Conservation Exam Quiz
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Questions in this quiz (141)
1As child survivorship and affluence increase, the population will also increase.
- ATrue
- BFalse
2Total influence of a species on its environment = abundance of species x [blank_start]per-capita resource use[blank_end]
- Aper-capita resource use
3IPAT model of human impact says that:
Impact = [blank_start]Population[blank_end] x [blank_start]Affluence[blank_end] x [blank_start]Technology[blank_end]- APopulation
- BAffluence
- CTechnology
4Who was the first to be concerned with the state of fisheries and place restrictions on fishing?
- AAristotle
- BCharles Darwin
- CKing Phillip IV
- DJohn Muir
5Who founded the romantic-transcendentalist environmental movement?
- AHenry David Thoreau, John Muir, Ralph Waldo Emerson
- BGifford Pinchot
- CAldo Leopold
6The resource-conservation ethic and the evolutionary-ecological land ethic are both human-centred
- ATrue
- BFalse
7[blank_start]Gifford Pinchot[blank_end] believed that nature consisted of resources that are useful, useless, and noxious. He believed in equality of resources for future generations, and that resources should be government-regulated.
- AGifford Pinchot
8Rachel Carson proposed that [blank_start]DDT[blank_end] was not safe because it was being found in dead shore birds.
- ADDT
9When activity raises threats to humans or the environment, precautions should be taken eve if the mechanisms are not well understood. This is known as:
- AThe preparation principle
- BThe cautionary principle
- CThe precautionary principle
10Conservation science is:
- AMultidisciplinary
- BA crisis discipline
- CLargely reactive
- DAll of the above
11Pick the correct order for these conservation frameworks:
- ANature for people, nature for itself, nature despite people, people and nature
- BNature despite people, nature for itself, nature and people, nature for people
- Cnature for itself, nature despite people, nature for people, people and nature
12Conservation Biology and Environmentalism are referring to the same thing
- ATrue
- BFalse
13The three types of diversity are [blank_start]within-species[blank_end] diversity, [blank_start]between-species[blank_end] diversity, and [blank_start]ecosystem[blank_end] diversity
- Awithin-species
- Bbetween-species
- Cecosystem
14What are problems associated with the biological species concept?
- ASome species are asexual producers
- BSome members of certain species do not resemble eachother
- CSometimes phylogenetic relatedness is hard to measure
15According to the [blank_start]phylogenetic species concept[blank_end], a group of individuals are species if they share a morphological or molecular trait based on relatedness, not found in other groups.
- Aphylogenetic species concept
16What are acceptable ways to estimate number of species?
- AMark-recapture
- BRatios (ex: if 67 butterflies for 22,000 insects, and there are 20,000 butterflies in the world then...)
- CSpecies accumulation curve (estimate the # of species generally found per area. Sample # of species in a certain area and scale up to total area).
17What are some estimates for high diversity in the tropics?
- ASpecies-area hypothesis
- BSpecies-climate stability hypothesis
- CSpecies-warmth hypothesis
- DSpecies-climate harshness hypothesis
- ESpecies-nitrogen hypothesis
- FSpecies-energy hypothesis
18Pick the correct order of definitions for this list:
Alpha diversity, gamma diversity, beta diversity- ASpecies found in a single area (saanich peninsula), species differences between related location (saanich peninsula vs strathcona park), species found in an entire region (vancouver island),
- BSpecies found in a single area (saanich peninsula), species found in an entire region (vancouver island), species differences between related location (saanich peninsula vs strathcona park)
- CSpecies found in an entire region (vancouver island), species found in a single area (saanich peninsula), species differences between related location (saanich peninsula vs strathcona park)
19Biodiversity is values for both its [blank_start]intrinsic[blank_end] value independent of its value to humans, and its [blank_start]instrumental[blank_end] value, the extent it is valued by humans.
- Aintrinsic
- Binstrumental
20What are examples of ecosystem services?
- AGoods: food, fiber, medicine
- BAesthetic, cultural, spiritual
- CWater/air purification, flood control, pollution control
21The ecosystem millennium assessment examined the biological state of the world's ecosystems.
- ATrue
- BFalse
22Consumptive use of ecosystems services involves food, fibre, medicine, fuel etc sold in a market
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Groups of ecosystem services include:
- AProvisioning services
- BRegulating services
- CClimate services
- DCultural services
- ERecreational services
- FSupporting services
24An example of a regulating service is:
- AClimate control
- BTimber
- CSpiritual
- DNursery Habitat
25[blank_start]Mangroves[blank_end] dissipate energy of tsunami waves and protect shorelines and human settlements
- AMangroves
26Enviornmental harms that result from decisions and negatively affect others who had no choice in the matter are known as [blank_start]negative externalities[blank_end]
- Anegative externalities
27Countries that currently participate in payment for ecosystem services include:
- ACosta rica
- BCanada
- CChina
28What are the big 3 conservation priorities?
- ASpecies richness
- BTaxonomic distinctiveness
- CThreatened species
- DEndemics
- EFunctional redundancy
29Pros and cons of [blank_start]biodiversity hot-spots[blank_end] include protecting many species for low cost, no need for extensive data on each species, conserving a high number of endemics as well as ecosystems may be overlooked, ignores cost-effectiveness and feasibility, and ecosystem services.
- Abiodiversity hot-spots
30A proactive approach focuses on areas that are fully intact.
- ATrue
- BFalse
31[blank_start]Indicator species[blank_end] are species who are the most sensitive to changes in habitat. May denote other species are having similar problems.
- AIndicator species
32What is a disappearance of a species that was purposeful?
- AExtinction
- BRegional extinction
- CExtirpation
- DExtinct in the wild
33The extinction of a smaller species alongside a well-known umbrella species is known as a [blank_start]co-extinction[blank_end]
- Aco-extinction
34Why is extinction hard to prove?
- AExtensive surveys must be done and no individuals found
- BAvoidance of the lazarus effect
- CLack of monitoring
- DSpecies that are going extinct may not have even been named/described yet
- ESome species are "doomed to extinction" (such low numbers, only a matter of time)
- FAll of the above
35What is the equation for global diversity?
- ADiversity = Species - extinction + evolution
- BDiversity = Species - local extinction + immigration
36Vulnerability to extinction = extrinsic threat x intrinsic sensitivity
V = ES- ATrue
- BFalse
37What are the three correlates to extinction?
- ASaturated niches
- BLarge body size
- CSmall geographic range
- DNearby extinctions
- ESpecialization
38A [blank_start]model[blank_end] is a simple representation of a complex system.
- Amodel
39S=cA^z is a [blank_start]species-area curve[blank_end]
- Aspecies-area curve
40What does the scaling coefficient (z) of a species area curve influence?
- AA larger z value means more mobile species
- BA larger z value means less mobile species
- CScaling coefficient (slope)
41What are advantages of lambda?
- AMore accurate for discrete populations
- BIntuitive
- CScales
42What is the most important source of stochasticity?
- AEnviornmental
- BDemographic
43Incorporating stochasticity into models makes population growth rate [blank_start]slower[blank_end] than would be expected from a constant growth rate.
- Aslower
44Environmental extinction from stochasticity is likely if:
- AVar(r) < 2r
- BVar(r) > 2r
- CVar(r) >5r
- DVar (r) < 5r
45Populations with lower b and d will have higher demographic stochasticity, even if r is the same.
- ATrue
- BFalse
46[blank_start]Allee effects[blank_end] is based on the premise of the fact that individuals benefit from conspecifics.
- AAllee effects
47What are mechanisms of allee effects in animals?
- AMinimize predation
- BReproductive success
- CForaging advantage
- DConditioning of enviornment
48What are mechanisms of allee effects in plants?
- AMinimize predation
- BForaging advantage
- CReproductive success
- DConditioning of env
49What is abundance per unit area known as?
- ACensus
- BAbundance
- CDensity
- DAbundance estimate
- EIndex
50What is a sample when all animals are counted?
- ACensus
- BAbundance
- CDensity
- DAbundance Estimate
- EIndex
51[blank_start]Stratified[blank_end] [blank_start]random[blank_end] [blank_start]sampling[blank_end] is a sampling design which involves breaking the population down into smaller groups (strata) which are then sampled
- AStratified
- Brandom
- Csampling
52[blank_start]Distance[blank_end] [blank_start]sampling[blank_end] assumes that detection probability decreases with distance form the observer, but that density stays constant.
- ADistance
- Bsampling
53What are some sources of error in population abundance estimates?
- ADeterministic factors
- BLarge population size
- CProcess error
- DObservation/Measurement error
54[blank_start]Demographic[blank_end] [blank_start]Matrix[blank_end] [blank_start]Models[blank_end] take population structure into account when estimating population numbers
- ADemographic
- BMatrix
- CModels
55What can we determine about a population using matrices?
- APopulation growth rate
- BStable age distribution
- CSensitivity
56What is sensitivity?
- AHow much lambda changes per change in a given vital rate (absolute change)
- BProportional change in lambda per change in a given vital rate
57Based on an elasticity matrix, what was determined to be the most productive conservation option for cheetahs?
- AAdult survival outside parks
- BJuvenile survival within parks
58In general, [blank_start]survival[blank_end] is more important than [blank_start]fecundity[blank_end]
- Asurvival
- Bfecundity
59A [blank_start]population viability analysis[blank_end] is a quantitative assessment of the probability that a population will become extinct or quasi-extinct within some time frame
- Apopulation viability analysis
60What is true of realistic population models?
- AFew data needed
- BMany assumptions
- CBroadly applicable
- DFew assumptions
61PVAs are generally only useful with:
- AHigh-quality data
- BInverte species
- CWhen density dependence is present
62Which island will house the most species?
- AFar, small
- BFar, large
- CNear, small
- DNear, large
63[blank_start]Faunal[blank_end] [blank_start]relaxation[blank_end] is a reduction in diversity following a reduction in habitat area
- AFaunal
- Brelaxation
64When species found in a given small area overlaps greatly with those found in other small areas, and large areas contain these species plus more, the pattern of diversity is:
- ANested
- BUn-nested
65When might SS be preferred over SL when designating a protected area?
- AWhen the diversity is nested
- BWhen the diversity is un-nested
66What will smaller patches lead to?
- AIncreased extinction
- BLower colonization
67If we reduce the number of patches, the metapopulation is pushed to extinction when:
- AWe destory occupied patches
- BWe destroy unoccupied patches
- CAll of the above.
68What was the conclusion regarding cows grazing on vernal pools?
- AThey were the cause of the decline of native species
- BThey preferentially grazed on invasive grasses, increasing abundance of native species
- CAgriculture cut down native plants in the area reducing pool diversity
69What is true about the loggerhead sea turtles case study?
- AStage-based matrix models were used
- BJuvenile mortality was affecting the population most strongly
- CAdult mortality because of by-catch was affecting the population most strongly
- DTurtle-excluder devices were helpful
70What is correct regarding the chinook salmon case study?
- ADams were causing population decline (main reason)
- BInvasive species were causing population decline (main reason)
- CThis was both a control-impact experiment and a before-after-control-impact analysis
- DFederally installed dams were not helping
- EFederally installed dams were having a positive impact
71[blank_start]Adaptive management[blank_end] involves implementing a plan, monitoring and evaluating progress, and modifying the design continually.
- AAdaptive management
72What are barriers to implementing adaptive management?
- ACost
- BFeasability
- CUncertainty
- DEthical considerations
73What was found to be most important regarding survival of humpback chum?
- ASeasonal flow normalized
- BDaily flow normalized
- CIncrease daily flow variation
74Why is monitoring often not undertaken as extensively as it should be?
- ALack of funding
- B"waste of money" idea
- CLack of public support
- DDoes not lead to valuable conservation information
75What could be a confounding variable when concluding that protected areas have lower deforestation rates?
- ALack of monitoring in PAs
- BThe fact that PAs are not usually on loggable land
- CIllegal logging may be occuring
76How much of the earth's land is currently protected?
- A5%
- B10-12%
- C13-14%
- D15-17%
77Why is the rate of PA formation leveling off?
- ALack of areas to be set aside as PAs
- BPADDD
78What is the main reason the planet is in such a big mess?
- ASmall PAs
- BLack of funding
- CPoverty, inequity
- DNot making the most of our knowledge and our limited resources
79What is priority threat management about?
- APrioritizing places
- BPrioritizing actions
- CPrioritizing species
80How was the cost effectiveness equation applied in class?
- AManaging interacting species
- BPriority threat management
- COptimal conservation of migratory species
81What was most important for northern abalone recovery?
- AControlling sea otters
- BReducing poaching
82What is the smartest management action for conserving redstarts?
- AFocus conservation on wintering grounds
- BFocus conservation on breeding grounds
- CFocus conservation on both
83Which was the most optimal project to undertake?
- ANorth island brown kiwi
- BRobust grasshopper
- CLong-tailed bat
- DMaud-island frog
- ECanterbury mudfish
84Using camera traps, only 9/16 historical carnivore species were detected in mole national park
- ATrue
- BFalse
85What is true of west-african lions?
- AThey are more genetically similar to asian lions than african lions
- BThey only exist in 4 remaining patches
86What is a species that have been moved through human activities beyond their native range?
- AIntroduced
- BNaturalized
- CInvasive
87What is true about invasive lionfish?
- ACaused a 65% prey reduction in 2 years
- BOutcompeted large-bodied native competitors
- CComplete eradication is possible
- DHave high potential for bio-control
88Which species were intentionally introduced?
- ALionfish
- BStarlings
- CPythons
- DToads in australia
89For every 1000 species introduced, how many become invasive?
- A100
- B10
- C1
90Which is the most consistent predictor about whether or not a species will become invasive?
- AReproductive rate
- BTrophic level
- CNumber of times introduced (propagule pressure)
- DHabitat/ diet generalist
91What are community predictors of susceptibility to invasive species?
- AHabitat disturbance
- BIntact habitat
- CDecreased diversity
- DIncreased diversity
- ENatural enemy release
92The species composition of freshwater fish in the US used to vary greatly across space, but now all spaces have similar species, and no spaces have unique species. This is known as [blank_start]biotic homogenization[blank_end]
- Abiotic homogenization
93What is true about invasive predators?
- APredators are not the most common invader
- BPredators are the most common invader
- CInvasive predators cause the most extinctions
94All invasive species have negative effects on the ecosystem.
- ATrue
- BFalse
95Eradication is more successful on islands than on the mainland
- ATrue
- BFalse
96What is the most important strategy for dealing with invasive species?
- APrevention
- BEradication
- CBiological control
- DRestoration
- EAcceptance
97What are correlates to successful eradication?
- ALarge N
- BSmall N
- CIf easily removed
- DIf easily accessed
98What would you look for when choosing a species as a biological control agent for another invasive species?
- ALarge body sized predator
- BHabitat generalist predator
- CHabitat specialist predator
- DSlowly-reproducing predator
99Over 1 billion people on earth rely on marine seafood as a sole source of protein
- ATrue
- BFalse
100Which are characteristic of artisinal/subsistence fisheries?
- ANear-shore
- BFar-shore
- CSingle-species
- DMultispecies
101Which type of fishery can have over 2500 hooks and be miles long, use satellites, helicopters, and GPS technology to target a single species of fish?
- AArtisinal
- BIndustrial
102Every sq km of the ocean has had some sort of human activity in it, and over 40% of areas have had greater than one activity.
- ATrue
- BFalse
103Overfishing is fishing at rates that success the [blank_start]maximum sustainable yield.[blank_end]
- Amaximum sustainable yield
104If we assume logistic growth in populations, what is the the optimal MSY for increased growth?
- A25% of N
- B45% of N
- C50% of N
- D75% of N
105Why is constant quota harvest unsustainable?
- AIf you take the same amount every year you will eventually run out
- BDue to natural population fluctuations, there will be natural variation and taking the same amount when populations are low will not give the population a chance to regrow
106What happens as H approaches Hmsy?
- AThe population grows
- BThe population declines
- CThe population stabalizes
- DThe population destabalizes
107Because of the fact that as N declines, H declines, proportional harvest is said to be [blank_start]self-correcting[blank_end]
- Aself-correcting
108What is true about EEZs?
- AGoverned by nations
- BSpan 400 miles offshore
- CSpan 200 miles offshore
- DRights can be sold
- EIf stocks are not fished completely, rights must be sold to other countries
109What contributes to overfishing?
- ALarge fleet
- BSubsidies
110What is the estimated percentage of stocks that are overfished?
- A10%
- B20%
- C25%
- D50%
111What is true about stock assessments?
- ARequire little data
- BRequire much data
- CTakes biomass and harvest rate into account
- DOnly monitor biomass
- EHard to find
- FReadily available
112What did Dr.Baum conclude in some of her studies?
- AThe exploitation rate was too high for 1/2 of studied species
- BBiomass for 63% of species was above the minimum sustainable biomass
- CAll stocks assessed were doing a good job of fishing and monitoring
113The fact that people have an idea of a normal or healthy ecosystem based on what they have always known, even if this idea does not truley represent the true state of the ecosystem is known as:
- AThe supermarket problem
- BShifting baselines
11490% of fish consumed in the USA is imported
- ATrue
- BFalse
115What was the first species of shark to be listed on our at-risk act?
- AHammerhead
- BBasking shark
- CSilvertip
- DGreat white
116How were great white sharks discovered in the gulf of mexico ?
- AResearch survery for a tuna fishery
- BBycatch
- CIncidents with humans
117What was found out about the preferred habitat for reef sharks?
- ADisturbed human habitats
- BCold, nutrient poor waters
- CIsolated, warm, and productive areas
118What is the distinction between habitat deforestation and habitat degredation?
- ADeforestation: reduction in habitat quantity
Degredation: Reduction in habitat quality - BDegradation: reduction in habitat quantity
Deforestation: reduction in habitat quality
- ADeforestation: reduction in habitat quantity
119Where is the epicentre of demand for the ivory trade?
- AJapan
- BNorth america
- CChina
- DEurope
120The reduction in tusk size of elephant population due to the selective killing of males with large tusks is known as [blank_start]shifting baselines[blank_end]
- Ashifting baselines
121What were the beniifts to the fire breaks idea for Kibale?
- ACarbon trapping
- BDiversity
- CLow cost
- DEmployment benefits
122What were the benefits to planting trees in Kibale?
- ACarbon trapping
- BLow cost
- CDiversity
- DEmploys locals
123What were the benefits to the legacy tree/disperser idea for Kibale?
- ALow cost
- BDiversity
- CCarbon trapping
- DEmploys locals
124Most foods and most ecosystem services were found to increase with increase in [blank_start]diversity[blank_end] in Kibale national park
- Adiversity
125What are some examples of marine mammal conservation success?
- APacific grey whale
- BElephant seals
- CSea otters
126Commonly caught sharks have no catch limits
- ATrue
- BFalse
127There has been no recent progress in setting limits on shark catches in international waters
- ATrue
- BFalse
128What is true of marine protected areas?
- ANo-fish zones
- BMost are too small
- CMost are highly enforced
- DMost lack enforcement
- EProtect species from overfishing
- FFishing pressure will likely be diverted elsewhere
129A no-take MPA is called a [blank_start]marine reserve[blank_end]
- Amarine reserve
130What are the two key strategies for marine conservation right now?
- ACreation of new MPAs
- BRegulating the fishing industry
- CEnforcement of existing MPAs
- DCaptive-breeding programs
131What percentage of the ocean is currently protected in MPAs?
- A1%
- B3.5%
- C5%
- D10%
132There are MPAs in EEZs and on the high seas
- ATrue
- BFalse
133What percentage of waters do each country have to have protected by the year 2020? (according to international treaties)
- A5%
- B7.5%
- C10%
- D12%
134What conditions do reef-building corals require?
- ACold water
- BWarm water
- CLight
- DMinimal light
- ENutrient-rich water
- FNutrient-deficient water
135What conditions predict coral location across the globe?
- AEast-continental location
- BWest-continental location
- CTropics (warm waters)
- DTemperates (cool waters)
136The diverse community of organisms including endosymbiotic algae, protists, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and viruses that live within and on the coral animal is known as the [blank_start]coral holobiont[blank_end]
- Acoral holobiont
137An [blank_start]El nino[blank_end] is a phenomenon in which sea surface temperatures rise several degrees warmer than average across the equatorial pacific.
- AEl nino
138What is true of the 2015 El nino event?
- ALargest ever recorded
- BThird mass coral bleaching event
- COccurs between october and december
139The expellation of symbiotic algae by coral is known as [blank_start]coral bleaching[blank_end]
- Acoral bleaching
140Disturbed coral reefs that have been previously stressed are more susceptible to bleaching events than intact ones
- ATrue
- BFalse
141Biophilia is the idea that humans have an innate need to be close to nature
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- University Conservation Quiz on Conservation Exam Quiz, created by Melanie Horne on 28/11/2015.
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- Melanie Horne
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