Quiz
Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging
Questions in this quiz (82)
1Blood flow that has consistent velocities within a vessel is known
as what type offlow- ATurbulent flow
- BLaminar flow
- CVortex flow
- DStagnant flow
2Blood flow that has randomly different velocities is known as what type of
flow- ATurbulent flow
- BLaminar flow
- CVortex flow
- DStagnant flow
3Blood flow that has high velocities in the center of the vessel but spirals near
walls of a vessel due to a stricture is known as what type of flow- ATurbulent flow
- BLaminar flow
- CVortex flow
- DStagnant flow
4Blood flow that slows to a point of immobility is known as what type of flow
- ATurbulent flow
- BLaminar flow
- CVortex flow
- DStagnant flow
5Blood flow velocity is measured in what type of unit
- AGauss/sec
- Bmm/sec
- Ccm/sec
- Dinches/sec
6Which of the following is the formula that is used to calculate blood flow
velocity- AVelocity = Flow volume / Vessel area
- BVelocity = Vessel area / Flow volume
- CVelocity = Flow volume + vessel area
- DVelocity = Vessel area - Flow volume
7Blood flow velocity is greatest near which area of the vessel
- AVessel walls
- BVessel center
- CNone of the above
8Blood flow velocity at a given point is dependent upon which factor
- APatient sex
- BPhase of patient's cardiac cycle
- CPatient's weight
- DNone of the above
9During peak systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, blood flow velocities are
dependent upon what factor(s)- APatient age
- BCardiac output
- CAnatomical site
- DPatient age, Cardiac output & Anatomical site
10Which of the following vessels has the highest peak velocity
- AAscending aorta
- BDistal aorta
- CProximal carotids
- DBasilar artery
11Which of the following vessels has the slowest peak velocity
- AAscending aorta
- BMiddle cerebral arteries
- CProximal carotid arteries
- DVenous vessels
12Typical peak velocities of the ascending aorta are usually within what range
- A150 - 175 cm/sec
- B100 - 160 cm/sec
- C80 - 120 cm/sec
- D40 - 70 cm/sec
13Typical peak velocities of the distal aorta and iliac vessels are usually
within what range- A150 - 175 cm/sec
- B100 - 160 cm/sec
- C80 - 120 cm/sec
- D40 - 70 cm/sec
14Typical peak velocities of the proximal carotid, brachial and superficial
femoral arteries are usually within what range- A150 - 175 cm/sec
- B100 - 160 cm/sec
- C80 - 120 cm/sec
- D40 - 70 cm/sec
15Typical peak velocities of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries are
usually within what range- A150 - 175 cm/sec
- B100 - 150 cm/sec
- C40 - 70 cm/sec
- D30 - 50 cm/sec
16Typical peak velocities of the vertebral and basilar arteries are usually within
what range- A80 - 120 cm/sec
- B50-70 cm/sec
- C30-50 cm/sec
- Dunder 20 cm/sec
17The speed at which blood flows through an excited slice and only receives
one RF pulse is known as what type of phenomenon- ATime of flight phenomenon
- BEntry slice phenomenon
- CIntra-voxel dephasing
- DNone of the above
18To produce signal in a spin echo pulse sequence, blood flow must receive
both the 90 degree and the 180 degree RF pulse.- ATrue
- BFalse
19Blood flow that receives a 90 degree excitation pulse but not a 180 degree
rephasing pulse produces what type of signal- AHigh signal
- BLow signal
- CNo signal
20Blood flow that receives a 180 degree rephasing pulse but not a 90 degree
excitation pulse produces what type of signal- AHigh signal
- BLow signal
- CNo signal
21The magnitude of time of flight phenomenon effects is dependent upon which
factor(s)- AVelocity of flow
- BTE
- CSlice thickness
- DAll of the above
22As blood flow velocity increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStays the same
23As blood flow velocity decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
- AIncreases
- BDecreases
- CStays the same
24As the echo time increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
25As echo time decreases, the effects of time offlight phenomenon
- AIncreases
- BDecreases
- CStays the same
26As slice thickness increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
27As slice thickness decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
28In a gradient echo pulse sequence, blood flow that receives the initial RF
pulse produces what type of signal- AHigh
- BLow
- CNo signal
29The flow phenomenon that is characterized by the contrast differences
between fresh flowing nuclei entering a slice and stationary tissue within
that slice is known as- ATime of flight phenomenon
- BEntry slice phenomenon
- CIntra-voxel dephasing
- DNone of the above
30Entry slice phenomenon is most prominent in what slice of the area scanned
- AFirst slice
- BMiddle slice
- CLast slice
- DAffects all the same
31The effects of entry slice phenomenon are dependent upon which factor(s)
- ARepetition time
- BSlice thickness
- CVelocity of flow
- DAll of the above
32When TR is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
33When TR is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
34When slice thickness is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
35When slice thickness is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
36When the velocity of flow increases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
37When the velocity of flow decreases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
38The direction of blood flow is an important factor in determining the effects
of entry slice phenomenon- ATrue
- BFalse
39Blood flow that travels in the same direction in which the slices are acquired
is known as what type of flow- ACounter current flow
- BVortex flow
- CStagnant flow
- DCo-current flow
40Blood flow that travels in the opposite direction in which the slices are
acquired is known as what type of flow- ACounter current flow
- BVortex flow
- CStagnant flow
- DCo-current flow
41When the direction of blood flow is opposite the direction in which slices are
acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
42When the direction of blood flow is the same as the direction in which slices
are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CStay the same
43The flow phenomenon that is characterized by phase differences between
flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel is known as- ATime of flight phenomenon
- BEntry slice phenomenon
- CIntra-voxel dephasing
- DNone of the above
44The magnitude of intra-voxel dephasing is dependent upon which factor(s)
- ADegree of disruption in the flow
- BEcho time
- CRepetition time
- DNone of the above
45In which of the following types of flow can intra-voxel dephasing be
compensated for- ATurbulent flow
- BVortex flow
- CStagnant flow
- DLaminar flow
46The use of an additional gradient to correct the effects of intra-voxel
dephasing is a technique known as- AGradient moment rephasing
- BIntra-voxel misregistration
- CGradient moment nulling
- DGradient moment rephasing & Gradient moment nulling
47Gradient moment nulling is most effective on which type of flow
- ASlow turbulent flow
- BFast laminar flow
- CSlow laminar flow
- DFast vortex flow
48The effects of time of flight and entry slice phenomena can be minimized by
which method- AGradient moment nulling
- BPre-saturation RF pulse
- CRespiratory compensation
- DNone of the above
49The method of acquiring more than one echo that are multiples of each other
to reduce intra-voxel dephasing is known as- AGradient moment nulling
- BPre-saturation RF pulse
- CEven echo rephasing
- DNone of the above
50Which of the following conventional MRI techniques can be used to produce
contrast differences between vascular structures and stationary structures- AGradient moment nulling
- BRespiratory compensation
- CPre-saturation pulse
- DGradient moment nulling & Pre-saturation pulse
51Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a black
appearance in vascular structures- AShort TE, Short TR, Pre-saturation pulse
- BLong TE, Short TR, Gradient moment nulling
- CLong TE, Long TR, Respiratory compensation
- DNone of the above
52Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a
bright appearance in vascular structures- APre-saturation pulse
- BRespiratory compensation
- CGradient moment nulling
- DNone of the above
53The vascular imaging method that maximizes vascular contrast while also
suppressing stationary tissue is known as- AMagnetic resonance mammography
- BMagnetic resonance angiography
- CBlack Blood imaging
- DZeugmatography
54Which of the following is a method used inMRAto suppress stationary
tissue- ATissue subtraction
- BTissue saturation
- CGradientmomentnulling
- DTissue subtraction & Tissue saturation
55Which of the following is a method used in MRA to increase signal from
vascular structures- AGradient moment nulling
- BSubtraction
- CBipolar gradient
- DGradient moment nulling & Bipolar gradient
56The type of MRA that uses gradient echo pulse sequences and gradient
moment nulling to enhance flow is known as- ADigital subtraction
- BTOFMRA
- CPCMRA
- DVelocity encoding
57In TOF MRA, which method is used to suppress signal from stationary
tissue?- ASaturation
- BSubtraction
- CGradient moment nulling
- DNone of the above
58TOF MRA is most sensitive to blood flow that flows in what direction in
relation to the slice- AParallel
- BPerpendicular
59Which of the following is a disadvantage of TOF MRA
- AParallel flow can be suppressed
- BSlow flow can be suppressed
- CStationary tissue with short Tl relaxation times can produce signal
- DAll of the above
60Which of the following is an advantage of TOF MRA
- ARelatively short scan times
- BIncreased sensitivity to flow
- CDecreased sensitivity to intra-voxel dephasing
- DAll of the above
61Which of the following TOF MRA sequences is most likely to saturate slow
flow- A3DTOF
- B2DTOF
62The type of MRA that produces image contrast based on the differences in
phase shifts between blood flow and stationary tissue is known as- ATOFMRA
- BVelocity encoding
- CPCMRA
- DNone ofthe above
63Which of the following type of MRA uses a bipolar gradient to enhance
vascular structures- ATOFMRA
- BBright blood imaging
- CPhase contrast MRA
- DBlack Blood imaging
64Which of the following is a type of image that is produced by phase contrast
MRA?- AMagnitude image
- BFrequency image
- CPhase image
- DMagnitude image & Phase image
65Which of the following is an advantage of phase contrast MRA
- AIncreased stationary tissue suppression
- BSensitive to flow in all directions
- CSensitive to flow with various velocities
- DAll of the above
66Which of the following is a disadvantage of phase contrast MRA
- ALong scan times
- BReduced intra-voxel dephasing
- CIncreased sensitivity to turbulence
- DLong scan times & Increased sensitivity to turbulence
67Which of the following PC MRA techniques provides the highest signal to
noise ratio and spacial resolution- A2DPCMRA
- B3DPCMRA
68The method that is most commonly used to reduce artifact produced by
cardiac motion when scanning the chest is known as- ARespiratory gating
- BRespiratory compensation
- CCardiac gating
- DNone of the above
69Two types of cardiac gating that are most commonly used are known as
- ARespiratory gating, Respiratory compensation
- BECG gating, Peripheral gating
- CPseudo gating, Respiratory gating
- DNone of the above
70The P wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
- AAtrial systole
- BVentricular systole
- CVentricular diastole
- DAtrial diastole
71The QRS wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
- AAtrial systole
- BVentricular systole
- CVentricular diastole
- DAtrial diastole
72The T wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
- AAtrial systole
- BVentricular systole
- CVentricular diastole
- DAtrial diastole
73During cardiac gating, which wave is used to trigger each pulse sequence
- AP wave
- BQ wave
- CR wave
- DT wave
74During cardiac gating, the time between two consecutive R waves is known
as- ATrigger window
- BTrigger delay
- CR-R interval
- DNone of the above
75The ECG wave with the highest electrical amplitude is known as the
- AR wave
- BQ wave
- CT wave
- DP wave
76During cardiac gating, TR is dependent upon which factor(s)
- AThe patient's heart rate
- BThe R- R interval
- CThe Q - R interval
- DThe patient's heart rate & The R- R interval
77During cardiac gating, which factors are affected by having an effective TR
- AImage weighting
- BNumber of slices
- CScan time
- DAll of the above
78During cardiac gating, the waiting time between the R wave and the start of
the data acquisition is known as- ARepetition time
- BInversion time
- CTrigger delay
- DEcho delay
79During cardiac gating, the waiting time before each R wave is known as
- ARepetition time
- BInversion time
- CTrigger delay
- DTrigger window
80During cardiac gating, which of the following is the formula used to calculate
available imaging time- AF=yBo
- BTime = R-R interval- (trigger window + trigger delay)
- CTime R-R interval + (trigger window + trigger delay)
- DNone of the above
81The type of cardiac gating that detects the increase in blood volume in the
capillary bed during systole is known as- AECG gating
- BPseudo gating
- CPeripheral gating
- DNone of the above
82During cardiac gating, one R-R interval and a short TE is used to produce
what type of image- AT1 weighting
- BT2 weighting
- CProton density weighting
- DNone of the above
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- Diploma Magnetic Resonance Quiz on Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging, created by Thea Ampofo on 30/01/2016.
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- Thea Ampofo
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