OS FINAL REVIEW RESPIRATION

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OMG BREATHING IS GREAT
Liz Maas
Quiz by Liz Maas, updated more than 1 year ago
Liz Maas
Created by Liz Maas over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following is/are true about Active and Passive aspects of respiration?
Answer
  • The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, the intercostal nerve innervates the inner intercostal muscles
  • In inspiration, the diaphragm moves down and outward to flatten at the bottom.
  • In expiration the ribs rise.
  • Exhalation is passive in part because of lung tissue elasticity
  • Compliance and elasticity have an inverse relationship

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is/are true regarding lung surfactant?
Answer
  • It is made of DPPC, a collagen-like glycoprotein
  • It is secreted by alveolar type 1 cells
  • It is meant to increase surface tension of alveoli to prevent collapse
  • In the absence of surfactant, smaller alveoli would collapse and larger alveoli would continuously expand
  • It increases compliance

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is/are true about the gas conductance and exchange apparatus?
Answer
  • There is turbulence in the upper airways but laminar flow in the lower airways
  • Gravity affects blood causing greater blood pressure at the base of the lungs resulting in decreased flow but increased O2 perfusion
  • Cells between the pharynx and bronchioles are ciliated to prevent particles from reaching the tissues of gas exchange
  • Cells of the nasal cavity, larynx, and true vocal folds are all stratified squamous epithelium but only the nasal cavity is keratinized
  • Club/Clara cells can be found in the bronchi

Question 4

Question
Which of the following is/are true about Carbon MONOXIDE and Carbon DIOXIDE with respect to the respiratory apparatus?
Answer
  • Most of the CO2 is bound to hemoglobin
  • A shift to the right is indicative of decreased affinity, meaning O2 is being released to tissues
  • Carbon monoxide has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen, prevents oxygen on Hb from being released, and is diffusion limited
  • A shift to the left is indicative of decreased Hb affinity for O2, meaning O2 is being released to tissues
  • Disolved CO2 gas in blood can be detected by the aortic body

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is correct regarding voluntary and involuntary control of breathing?
Answer
  • The limbic system's effect on respiration is involuntary and based on emotional state
  • The cortex is associated with voluntary breathing
  • The dorsal respiratory group is associated with expiration, the ventral with inspiration
  • The Pre-Botzinger complex sets the rhythm
  • The apneuistic center is excitatory and the pneumotaxic center is inhibitory

Question 6

Question
Emphysema versus Fibrosis
Answer
  • Emphysema causes increased compliance through destruction of elastic fibers due to inflammation
  • Fibrosis is a reduction in compliance due to increased connective tissues.
  • Smoking can cause both emphysema and fibrosis
  • Emphysema leads to left side heart failure
  • MMPs, free radicals and elastase cause the tissue damage seen in emphysema

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is/are true about atelectasis and pneumonia?
Answer
  • Atelectasis is an airway obstruction from collapsed alveoli
  • Pneumonia is caused by infection at the alveoli causing fluid build up which reduces gas exchange
  • Pneumonia has the greater O2 saturation between the two
  • Atelectasis is caused by insufficient surfactant and causes decreased blood flow
  • Atelectasis has the greater O2 saturation between the two

Question 8

Question
Which of the following is/are true regarding the chemoreceptors?
Answer
  • The central chemoreceptors are located on the dorsal side of the medulla and senses H+
  • The central chemoreceptors are associated with the vagus nerve
  • The aortic body reacts faster than the carotid body
  • The aortic body detects and responds to changes in pO2, pCO2, temperature, and pH
  • The aortic body is more involved in normoxia than the carotid body

Question 9

Question
Which of the following could you treat with oxygen therapy?
Answer
  • Atmospheric hypoxia
  • Emphysema
  • Hypoventilation
  • Hyperventilation
  • Athsma
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