Copy and Edit

A& P Test #3 - 6.28

Description

Completed Chapters 20, 19, and 10 so far.
Rachel Nall
Quiz by Rachel Nall, updated more than 1 year ago
Rachel Nall
Created by Rachel Nall almost 8 years ago
51
3
0

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
[blank_start]Cardiac output[blank_end] is the quantity of blood pumped each minute into the aorta by the heart.
Answer
  • Cardiac output
  • Venous return
  • Cardiac index
  • Peripheral resistance

Question 2

Question
[blank_start]Venous return[blank_end] is the quantity of blood flowing from the veins into the right atrium (RA) each minute.
Answer
  • Venous return
  • Cardiac output
  • Cardiac index
  • Stroke volume

Question 3

Question
VR and CO must [blank_start]equal[blank_end] each other except for a few heartbeats at a time when blood is temporarily stored in or removed from the heart and lungs.
Answer
  • be less than
  • be greater than
  • equal
  • add to

Question 4

Question
Which of the following factors does NOT affect cardiac output?
Answer
  • Basal metabolic rate
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Body habitus
  • Increased energy requirements (exercise)

Question 5

Question
Cardiac Index = [blank_start]CO[blank_end] / [blank_start]m2[blank_end] m2 = [blank_start]Body Surface Area[blank_end]
Answer
  • CO
  • Stroke volume
  • m2
  • Venous return
  • Body Surface Area

Question 6

Question
The average CO for a resting adult is [blank_start]5[blank_end] liters/minute The average CI for a resting adult is [blank_start]3[blank_end] liters/minute/m2
Answer
  • 5
  • 3

Question 7

Question
At what age is a person's cardiac function the highest?
Answer
  • 10
  • 20
  • 30
  • 40

Question 8

Question
Peripheral circulatory factors that affect the flow of blood from the veins into the heart provide the primary control of CO.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Blood flow does not increase in proportion to each tissue's metabolism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
If arterial BP is constant, long-term CO will typically have an [blank_start]inverse[blank_end] relationship to total peripheral resistance. This is a form of [blank_start]Ohm's[blank_end] law.
Answer
  • inverse
  • proportional
  • Ohm's
  • Reynold's
  • Frank-Starling

Question 11

Question
The Frank-Starling law states that the [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end] of the heart increases in response to an an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (end diastolic volume), when all other factors remain constant. Another way to state this: a large volume of blood flows into the ventricle, the blood will stretch the walls of the heart, causing a greater expansion during diastole, which in turn increases the force of the contraction and thus the quantity of blood that is pumped into the aorta during diastole. The increased volume of blood stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more forcefully.
Answer
  • cardiac output
  • cardiac index
  • stroke volume

Question 12

Question
According to the Frank-Starling curve, the normal heart can pump an amount of venous return up to what times the normal venous return before the heart becomes a limiting factor in the control of cardiac output?
Answer
  • 2
  • 2.5
  • 3
  • 3.5

Question 13

Question
Sympathetic stimulation and parasympathetic inhibition can significantly increase heart rate and contractility. The result of this combination is known as what kind of heart?
Answer
  • Effective
  • Hypoeffective
  • Hypereffective
  • Optimized

Question 14

Question
A number of factors can lead to a hypoeffective heart. Examples include increased arterial pressure (afterload), due to hypertension, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Select other causes of the hypoeffective heart.
Answer
  • Sympathetic nervous system inhibition
  • Sympathetic nervous system excitation
  • Pathological dysrhythmias
  • Acute coronary syndrome

Question 15

Question
The nervous system is instrumental in maintaining arterial blood pressure when peripheral blood vessels are [blank_start]dilated[blank_end] and venous return and CO [blank_start]increase[blank_end].
Answer
  • dilated
  • constricted
  • increase
  • decrease
  • stay the same

Question 16

Question
Fill in the blanks for the following: Intense exercise [blank_start]increases[blank_end] SNS outflow, causing large vein [blank_start]constriction[blank_end], and [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in heart rate and an [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in contractility.
Answer
  • increases
  • decreases
  • constriction
  • dilation
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease

Question 17

Question
Beriberi disease leads to a manifestation of insufficient dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine). The results of auto-regulatory compensation [blank_start]increases[blank_end] cardiac output.
Answer
  • increases
  • decreases
  • maintains

Question 18

Question
Select the other pathologic states that increase cardiac output:
Answer
  • Arteriovenous (AV) fistula
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Anemia

Question 19

Question
Conditions that produce low CO generally fall into one of two categories: 1. Abnormalities that [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the pumping effectiveness of the heart. 2. Abnormalities that cause venous return to [blank_start]fall too low[blank_end].
Answer
  • reduce
  • increase
  • fall too low
  • become too high

Question 20

Question
[blank_start]Hemorrhage[blank_end] is the most common non-cardiac peripheral factor that decreases venous return.
Answer
  • Hemorrhage

Question 21

Question
Non-cardiac factors that decrease cardiac output due to decreased venous return include:
Answer
  • Obstruction of the large veins
  • Decreased tissue mass
  • Arteriovenous Fistula
  • Hypothyroidism

Question 22

Question
The two primary factors that must be evaluated in the quantitative analysis of CO regulation are:
Answer
  • The pumping ability of the heart (cardiac output)
  • The heart's end-diastolic volume (preload)
  • Venous return curves
  • The pressure on the wall of the left ventricle during ejection (afterload)

Question 23

Question
The normal external pressure on the heart is equal to the normal [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] pressure (which is -4 mmHg).
Answer
  • intrapleural

Question 24

Question
A shift to the [blank_start]right[blank_end] reflects the increase RA pressure that will be required to fill the cardiac chambers to offset the [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in external pressure.
Answer
  • right
  • left
  • increase
  • decrease

Question 25

Question
Select the following factors that can shift the CO curve:
Answer
  • Cyclical changes in intrapleural pressure during respiration
  • Breathing against a negative pressure
  • Positive pressure breathing
  • Opening the thoracic cage
  • Cardiac tamponade

Question 26

Question
Principle factors that affect VR to the heart from the systemic circulation: ◦ 1. [blank_start]RA pressure[blank_end]  Exerts a backward force on the veins to impede flow of blood from the veins into the RA ◦ 2. The degree of filling of the [blank_start]systemiccirculation[blank_end]  Measured by the mean systemic filling pressure (Psf) which forces the systemic blood toward the heart.
Answer
  • RA pressure
  • systemic circulation

Question 27

Question
[blank_start]Psf[blank_end] is the abbreviation for mean systemic filling pressure.
Answer
  • Psf

Question 28

Question
The principle factor that affects Venous Return to the heart from the systemic circulation is resistance to blood flow between the peripheral vessels and the RA.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
The normal venous return curve demonstrates that if the pumping ability of the heart decreases, the RA pressure will [blank_start]rise[blank_end], and the backward force of this rising pressure on the systemic vasculature will [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] VR.
Answer
  • rise
  • fall
  • stay the same
  • decrease
  • increase

Question 30

Question
Without compensatory ANS reflexes, VR decreases to zero when the RA pressure rises to what number in mmHg?
Answer
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7

Question 31

Question
When both arterial and venous pressure flow in the systemic circulation [blank_start]ceases[blank_end].
Answer
  • ceases
  • increases
  • decreases

Question 32

Question
Most of the resistance to venous return occurs where?
Answer
  • Arterioles
  • Veins
  • Smaller arteries

Question 33

Question
Select what can compensate in resistance to venous return:
Answer
  • `small artery
  • aorta
  • arterioles
  • venuoles

Question 34

Question
What is another word for preload?
Answer
  • End-diastolic pressure
  • Venous return
  • Afterload

Question 35

Question
Regardless of the chamber, the [blank_start]preload[blank_end] is related to the chamber volume just prior to contraction.
Answer
  • preload

Question 36

Question
Factors that increase preload include all except the following:
Answer
  • Increased venous return
  • Decreased venous compliance
  • Decreased thoracic blood volume
  • Increased thoracic blood volume

Question 37

Question
What is the pressure within the thoracic space between the organs (lungs, heart, vena cava) and the chest wall?
Answer
  • intrapleural pressure (Ppl)
  • Preload
  • Pulmonary filling pressure
  • intrarterial pressure

Question 38

Question
[blank_start]Skeletal muscle[blank_end] has to do with venous return because the one-way valves in the veins of the legs and arms are instrumental in directing blood flow away from the limbs and towards the heart. Veins within large skeletal muscle groups also undergo compression as muscles contract and decompress as the muscles relax.
Answer
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle

Question 39

Question
The Oxygen Fick Method, indicator dilution method, echocardiography, and ventriculogram are all methods of measuring [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end].
Answer
  • cardiac output

Question 40

Question
The Oxygen Fick Principle states that: [blank_start]Cardiac Output[blank_end] (L/min) = 02 absorbed per minute by the lungs (mL/min) / arteriovenous 02 difference (mL/L of blood)
Answer
  • Cardiac Output

Question 41

Question
Place in order the electrical pathways of the heart. [blank_start]3[blank_end] AV node [blank_start]1[blank_end] SA node [blank_start]2[blank_end] Internodal pathway [blank_start]4[blank_end] Left and right bundles of Purkinje fibers
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Question 42

Question
Identify the pace of each area of the heart. SA Node: [blank_start]70 - 80 BPM[blank_end] AV Node: [blank_start]40 - 60 BPM[blank_end] Purkinje Fibers: [blank_start]15 - 40 BPM[blank_end]
Answer
  • 70 - 80 BPM
  • 40 - 60 BPM
  • 15 - 40 BPM

Question 43

Question
Heart muscle _________________.
Answer
  • is single-nucleated
  • lacks gap junctions
  • is syncytial
  • lacks striations

Question 44

Question
[blank_start]Sinus Node[blank_end] (where normal rhythmical impulse is generated) -> [blank_start]Internodal Pathways[blank_end] (conduct impulse from SA node to AV node) -> [blank_start]AV Node[blank_end] (delays impulse from atria to ventricles) -> [blank_start]AV Bundle[blank_end] (conducts impulse from atria to ventricles) -> Right & Left Bundle branches of Purkinje fibers (conduct impulse to ALL parts of the [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end])
Answer
  • Internodal Pathways
  • Sinus Node
  • AV Node
  • AV Bundle
  • ventricles

Question 45

Question
There are almost no contractile fibers in the SA node.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
The SA node is located in the [blank_start]superior posterolateral wall[blank_end] of the right atrium, slightly below and lateral to the opening of the [blank_start]SVC[blank_end].
Answer
  • superior posterolateral wall
  • SVC

Question 47

Question
Which of the following is NOT a type of cardiac muscle ion channel?
Answer
  • Fast sodium channels
  • L-type calcium channels
  • Ligand-gated calcium channels
  • Potassium channels

Question 48

Question
The SA node has [blank_start]spontaneous[blank_end] depolarization.
Answer
  • spontaneous

Question 49

Question
Select the membrane potential for the SA node.
Answer
  • -40 to -50
  • -30 to -40
  • -60 to -70
  • -55 to -60

Question 50

Question
At what membrane threshold potential do slow Na-Ca channels to open up?
Answer
  • -30 mV
  • -40 mV
  • -50 mV
  • -60 mV

Question 51

Question
Place what is happening in the SA node with its appropriate location.
Image:
8ff4bdf6-696c-4566-8ac6-a475a2ac6ad9 (image/png)
Answer
  • Slow depolarization due to Na & Ca leak.
  • Na-Ca channels open.
  • K channels open during repolarization

Question 52

Question
Match the channels with the appropriate description: [blank_start]I na (Fast Na Channels)[blank_end] Rapid depolarizing phase of AP • Atrial and ventricular muscle & in Purkinje fibers • (inactive at -55) [blank_start]Slow Na Current:[blank_end] inherent leakiness of the SA node is responsible for self-excitation [blank_start]K+ Current Ik[blank_end] Responsible for repolarizing phase of AP in ALL cardiomyocytes [blank_start]Ca2+ current(ICa)[blank_end] •Depolarizing phase of AP • SA node and AV node • Also triggers contractions in all cardiomyocytes
Answer
  • I na (Fast Na Channels)
  • Slow Na Current:
  • K+ Current Ik
  • Ca2+ current(ICa)

Question 53

Question
•[blank_start]Self-excitation[blank_end] to cause AP (leaky Na+ & Ca channels) -> Recovery from AP (K+ channels open) -> [blank_start]Hyperpolarization[blank_end] after AP is over (K+ channels remain open) -> Drift of the "Resting" Potential to [blank_start]Threshold[blank_end] (leaky Na+ & Ca channels) -> [blank_start]Re-excitation[blank_end] to elicit another cycle
Answer
  • Self-excitation
  • Hyperpolarization
  • Threshold
  • Re-excitation

Question 54

Question
The [blank_start]inherent leakiness[blank_end] of the sinus nodal fibers to sodium and calcium ions causes their self-excitation.
Answer
  • inherent leakiness

Question 55

Question
The SA node has no true resting potential.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
Label the contractile cell or autorhythmic cell.
Image:
9680027b-3ce7-48a6-964e-c0d24056dc4a (image/png)
Answer
  • Autorhythmic cell
  • Contractile cell
  • Autorhythmic cell
  • Contractile cell

Question 57

Question
Assign the appropriate label to what is happening in the ventricular myocyte.
Image:
8350b52f-0759-4d9a-ae8a-6d3380aa6a45 (image/png)
Answer
  • Na channels open
  • Na channels close
  • Ca channels open; fast K channels close
  • Ca channels close; slow K channels open
  • Resting potential

Question 58

Question
[blank_start]Bachman's Bundle:[blank_end] Anterior interartrial band carries impulses to left atrium.
Answer
  • Bachman's Bundle:

Question 59

Question
The delay in the AV node is:
Answer
  • 0.04 seconds
  • 0.09 seconds
  • 0.10 seconds
  • .20 seconds

Question 60

Question
The delay in the AV bundle is:
Answer
  • .04
  • 0.09
  • 0.10
  • 0.14

Question 61

Question
The total delay in AV node/AV bundle system is [blank_start]0.13[blank_end] seconds.
Answer
  • 0.13

Question 62

Question
The [blank_start]AV node[blank_end] is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium immediately behind the tricuspid valve
Answer
  • AV node

Question 63

Question
The Bundle branches and then divide into extensive system of [blank_start]Purkinje fibers[blank_end]
Answer
  • Purkinje fibers

Question 64

Question
Transmission time between A-V bundles and fibers is:
Answer
  • 0.04 seconds
  • 0.10 seconds
  • 0.90 seconds
  • 0.06 seconds

Question 65

Question
The Purkinje fibers transmit impulses [blank_start]faster[blank_end] than other fibers.
Answer
  • faster
  • slower

Question 66

Question
The Purkinje fibers are [blank_start]larger[blank_end] than ventricular muscle fibers.
Answer
  • larger
  • smaller

Question 67

Question
The Purkinje fibers have [blank_start]high[blank_end] levels of permeability of the gap junctions between successive cells in the conducting pathways.
Answer
  • high
  • low

Question 68

Question
The [blank_start]SA Node[blank_end] is the pacemaker
Answer
  • SA Node

Question 69

Question
SA node discharges both the AV node & Purkinje fibers [blank_start]before[blank_end] either of these can undergo self-excitation.
Answer
  • after
  • during
  • before

Question 70

Question
Select the resting membrane potential of the ventricular muscle cell.
Answer
  • -55 to -60
  • -85 to -90
  • -100 to -110
  • 40 to 60

Question 71

Question
What doesn't happen when the AV node is blocked?
Answer
  • Impulse can’t get past atria to ventricles
  • Atria continue beating at normal SA node rate and rhythm
  • New pacemaker in Purkinje system takes over driving ventricular contraction 15 to 40 bpm
  • New pacemaker is Bachman Bundle, which takes over driving the ventricular contraction.

Question 72

Question
Sudden AV block: Delay in pickup of the heart beat is the “[blank_start]Stokes-Adams[blank_end]” syndrome
Answer
  • Stokes-Adams

Question 73

Question
[blank_start]Parasympathetic[blank_end] (vagal) activation decreases conduction velocity (negative [blank_start]dromotropy[blank_end]) at the AV node • Decreases slope of Phase [blank_start]4[blank_end] • leads to [blank_start]slower[blank_end] depolarization of adjacent cells, and reduced velocity of conduction
Answer
  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic
  • dromotropy
  • inotropy
  • 0
  • 3
  • 4
  • slower
  • faster

Question 74

Question
Parasympathetic fibers in the heart are [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end].
Answer
  • nicotinic
  • muscarinic

Question 75

Question
Acetylcholine released by [blank_start]vagus[blank_end] nerve • Binds to cardiac [blank_start]muscarini[blank_end]c receptors • [blank_start]Decreases[blank_end] intracellular cAMP
Answer
  • vagus
  • muscarinic
  • Decreases

Question 76

Question
[blank_start]Vagal[blank_end] stimulation releases acetylcholine. This goes to muscarinic receptors that decrease cAMP. This causes increased K permeability, which decreases transmission of impulses. Ventricular escape occurs.
Answer
  • Vagal
  • Adrenergic
  • Sympathetic

Question 77

Question
[blank_start]Digitalis[blank_end] increases the vagal activity to the heart.
Answer
  • Digitalis

Question 78

Question
Sympathetic nerves release [blank_start]norepinephrine[blank_end].
Answer
  • norepinephrine
  • aCH
  • cAMP

Question 79

Question
[blank_start]Sympathetic[blank_end] activation increases conduction velocity in the AV node • Rate of depolarization increased • i.e. slope of Phase [blank_start]0[blank_end] increase • Leads to more rapiddepolarization of adjacent cellsàmore rapid conduction of action potentials • [blank_start]Positive[blank_end] dromotropy
Answer
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • 0
  • 3
  • 4
  • Positive
  • Negative

Question 80

Question
Normal delay of conduction thru AV node reducedàtime between atrial and ventricular contraction reduced • Increase in AV conduction velocity manifests as [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] in P-R interval on EKG
Answer
  • decrease
  • increase

Question 81

Question
[blank_start]Esmolol[blank_end] is a beta blocker that's metabolized in the blood.
Answer
  • Esmolol

Question 82

Question
Parasympathetic Nerves • Releases [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end] • Binds to [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end] • [blank_start]Increases[blank_end] conductivity of K and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] conductivity of Ca2+ • [blank_start]Decreases[blank_end] heart rate of rhythm and excitability of AV junctional fibers and AV node • Excitatory signals are no longer transmitted into the ventricles.
Answer
  • acetylcholine
  • norepinephrine
  • muscarinic
  • nicotinic
  • Decreases
  • Increases
  • decreases
  • increases
  • Decreases
  • Increases

Question 83

Question
SympatheticNerves • Releases [blank_start]norepinephrine[blank_end] at sympathetic endings. • Binds to [blank_start]β1[blank_end] receptors • [blank_start]Increases[blank_end] the rate of sinus nodal discharge. • [blank_start]Increases[blank_end] the overall heart activity. • [blank_start]Increases[blank_end] the permeability of Na+ and Ca2+ ions.
Answer
  • acetylcholine
  • norepinephrine
  • β1
  • β2
  • Decreases
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Increases

Question 84

Question
Phase 0 is [blank_start]depolarization[blank_end].
Answer
  • depolarization

Question 85

Question
Conduction velocity is altered by: Sympathetic stimulation ([blank_start]increases[blank_end]) Vagal stimulation ([blank_start]decreases[blank_end]) Ischemia/Hypoxia: [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] Drugs (adrenergic and cholinergic): increase or decrease
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 86

Question
Label the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve activations appropriately.
Image:
07dcde6c-bb54-4852-a6de-868e8dd80812 (image/png)
Answer
  • Sympathetic
  • Vagal/Parasympathetic

Question 87

Question
Key Difference in Pacemaker Cell AP •The higher the slope of Phase [blank_start]4[blank_end], the higher the rate •Vagal stimulation [blank_start]slows[blank_end] phase 4 depolarization •Rate slows •Catecholamines speed it up
Answer
  • 0
  • 3
  • 4
  • slows
  • speeds

Question 88

Question
Essentially/primary hypertension is [blank_start]95[blank_end] percent of cases. Secondary/demonstrable causes are [blank_start]5[blank_end] percent of cases.
Answer
  • 95
  • 5

Question 89

Question
[blank_start]Salt[blank_end] and H2O retention is the final common pathway shared by all of these etiologies; Interplay of these 2 determined by kidneys
Answer
  • Salt

Question 90

Question
Extracellular fluid volume increases, then arterial pressure [blank_start]increases[blank_end] • increase in arterial pressure, then the kidneys to [blank_start]lose[blank_end] Na+ and water then returns arterial BP to return to normal
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • lose
  • retain

Question 91

Question
The [blank_start]renal function curve[blank_end] depicts the effect of increasing arterial BP on urinary output (UOP).
Answer
  • renal function curve

Question 92

Question
Fill in the blanks for the renal function curve. • [blank_start]50[blank_end] mm Hg = UOP = 0 • [blank_start]100[blank_end] mm Hg = normal UOP • [blank_start]200[blank_end] mm Hg = 6-8 times normal
Answer
  • 50
  • 100
  • 150
  • 200

Question 93

Question
Over time, output must = intake • The point at which this occurs is where the two lines intersect is known as the [blank_start]equilibrium point[blank_end]. • The equilibrium point tends to be at an arterial BP of [blank_start]100[blank_end] mm Hg
Answer
  • equilibrium point
  • 100

Question 94

Question
If arterial BP [blank_start]increases[blank_end] then the loss of H2O and Na+ will be greater than the intake → a [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] in fluid volume and BP will [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] until the arterial pressure falls exactly back to the equilibrium point
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase

Question 95

Question
If arterial BP falls below the equilibrium point, intake of Na+ and H2O will be [blank_start]greater[blank_end] than the output → an [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in fluid volume and BP until the arterial pressure returns exactly back to the equilibrium point
Answer
  • greater
  • less
  • decrease
  • increase

Question 96

Question
This equilibrium point for the kidneys will occur as long as (1) [blank_start]renal output[blank_end] of salt and water and (2) [blank_start]intake[blank_end] of salt and water remain in balance
Answer
  • renal output
  • intake

Question 97

Question
2 primary ways to change long-term arterial pressure levels • Shifting [blank_start]equilibrium point[blank_end] of the renal output curve to a different pressure • Changing level of [blank_start]H2O[blank_end] and Na+ intake
Answer
  • equilibrium point
  • H2O

Question 98

Question
[blank_start]Renal artery stenosis[blank_end] can cause the renal output curve and equilibrium point to shift to the right.
Answer
  • Renal artery stenosis

Question 99

Question
As the intake of water/salt [blank_start]increases[blank_end], the equilibrium point shifts to the right (160 mm Hg) • If there were a [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] in water/salt intake, the equilibrium point and the arterial BP would also decrease
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decrease
  • increase

Question 100

Question
Effect of Total Peripheral Resistance TPR Acutely, if TPR [blank_start]increases[blank_end], arterial BP [blank_start]increases[blank_end] • Arterial pressure = CO x TPR
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 101

Question
If renal vascular resistance (RVR) is NOT affected (i.e., increased when TPR is increased), then the equilibrium point for BP [blank_start]will not[blank_end] change
Answer
  • will
  • will not

Question 102

Question
Changes in TPR do not typically affect the [blank_start]long-term[blank_end] arterial pressure level
Answer
  • long-term
  • short-term

Question 103

Question
Which of the following conditions does NOT have a long-term effect on TPR and therefore equilibrium point.
Answer
  • Beriberi
  • AV shunts
  • Pulmonary disease
  • Paget's disease
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hypothyroidism

Question 104

Question
An increase in TPR without any change in renal resistance would:
Answer
  • Transiently increase arterial pressure
  • Transiently increase sodium and water excretion
  • Decrease extracellular fluid (ECF)
  • All of the above

Question 105

Question
autoregulation— blood volume has [blank_start]increased[blank_end] then tissue blood flow [blank_start]increases[blank_end] throughout body; [blank_start]constricts[blank_end] blood vessels everywhere
Answer
  • decreased
  • increased
  • decreases
  • increases
  • constricts
  • vasodilates

Question 106

Question
As Na+ intake increases, two things happen: • ECF osmolality [blank_start]increases[blank_end] → stimulation of the thirst center to drink more water to return the ECF salt concentration to normal • This excess water intake → ↑ ECFV • The increased osmolality also stimulates the release of [blank_start]ADH[blank_end] → kidney reabsorption of H2O → ↑ ECFV
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases
  • ADH
  • Angiotensin
  • Aldosterone

Question 107

Question
The first stage in a volume-loading hypertension is an increase in [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end]. The reduction in total peripheral resistance is more related to a [blank_start]baroreceptor[blank_end] effect. The initial increase in BP is the result of the rise in CO.
Answer
  • cardiac output
  • baroreceptor

Question 108

Question
2nd stage – • HTN exists • CO returns to near [blank_start]normal[blank_end] • At same time [blank_start]increased[blank_end] TPR occurs
Answer
  • normal
  • increased

Question 109

Question
Which of the following doesn't happen several weeks following initial-onset volume loading?
Answer
  • Hypertension
  • Significant increase in TPR
  • Nearly complete return of ECFV, BV, and CO back to normal.
  • Significant decrease in TPR.

Question 110

Question
Angiotensinogen-converting enzyme (ACE) lives mostly in where?
Answer
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Heart

Question 111

Question
Where is renin mostly made and stored?
Answer
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Heart

Question 112

Question
Which enzyme in the blood and tissues inactivates angiotensin II?
Answer
  • Angiotensin I
  • Renin
  • Angiotensinases
  • Aldosterone

Question 113

Question
Angiotensin Effect on Retention of Salt/Water By Kidneys 1. Direct renal effects • Renal arteriole [blank_start]constriction[blank_end] • Less blood flow thru kidneysàless fluid filtered thru glomeruli into the tubules • Slowedbloodflowresultsinlessperitubularcapillariespressureàrapidreabsorption of fluid from tubules • Act directly on tubular cells to#tubular [blank_start]reabsorption[blank_end] of sodium & water
Answer
  • constriction
  • reabsorption

Question 114

Question
causes aldosterone secretion by adrenal glands • Results in significant [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in sodium reabsorption by renal tubules then H2Oretention, which leads to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] in fluid volume and an increase in BP
Answer
  • increase
  • increase

Question 115

Question
Which of the following does not increase renal excretion of Na and water-increasing BP?
Answer
  • Angiotensin II
  • Aldosterone
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Endothelin

Question 116

Question
Factors that decrease renal excretion of Na & Water to increase BP: 1. [blank_start]Aldosterone[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Angiotensin II[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Endothelin[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Sympathetic nervous system[blank_end] Factors that Increase Renal Excretion of Na and Water, Reducing Blood Pressure 1. [blank_start]Atrial natriuretic peptide[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Dopamine[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Nitric oxide[blank_end]
Answer
  • Aldosterone
  • Angiotensin II
  • Endothelin
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide
  • Dopamine
  • Nitric oxide

Question 117

Question
Atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted from the [blank_start]right atrium[blank_end].
Answer
  • right atrium

Question 118

Question
[blank_start]Angiotensin II[blank_end] • Constricts renal arteriolesàless blood flow to kidneys • Stimulates aldosterone secretionàincreases Na+ reabsorption • Directly stimulates Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubules, loops of Henle, distal tubules and collecting tubules [blank_start]• Aldosterone[blank_end] • secreted by adrenal glands • Sodium reabsorption which is followed by water reabsorption • [blank_start]Sympathetic nervous activity[blank_end] • Constricts renal arterioles, reducing GFR; low levels of SNS activation acts on alpha receptors on renal tubular cells increasing Na reabsorption; also stimulates release of renin and AGII formation • [blank_start]Endothelin[blank_end] • Amino peptide in endothelial cells released in response to vessel trauma • Intense vasoconstriction
Answer
  • Angiotensin II
  • • Aldosterone
  • Sympathetic nervous activity
  • Endothelin

Question 119

Question
[blank_start]Atrial natriuretic peptide[blank_end] ¤ Causes decreased Na and H2O reabsorptionà#UOPàreturn blood volume to normalà$BP ̈[blank_start]Nitric oxide[blank_end] ¤Vasodilator ¤ Basal level of NO in kidneys, helps maintain renal vasodilation allowing normal renal excretion of salt/water ̈[blank_start]Dopamine[blank_end] ¤ At low doses, stimulates dopamine- 1 receptors nCause renal vessel vasodilation nStimulates natriuresis
Answer
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide
  • Nitric oxide
  • Dopamine

Question 120

Question
Use the dropdown to choose the appropriate stage in the cardiac cycle: [blank_start]Diastole[blank_end]: Muscle re-establishing Na/K/Ca gradient [blank_start]Systole[blank_end]: Contraction of muscle & ejection of blood from chambers [blank_start]Systole[blank_end]: Muscle stimulated by action potential [blank_start]Diastole[blank_end]: Relaxation of muscle & filling chambers with blood
Answer
  • Diastole
  • Systole
  • Diastole
  • Systole
  • Diastole
  • Systole
  • Diastole
  • Systole

Question 121

Question
Drag and drop to the appropriate location on the cardiac cycle: [blank_start]P-wave[blank_end]: Also known as the atrial wave, represents the spread of depolarization [blank_start]QRS[blank_end]: Ventricle depolarization [blank_start]T-wave[blank_end]: Ventricular repolarization
Answer
  • P-wave
  • QRS
  • T-wave

Question 122

Question
Choose if the following descriptions match the atria or the ventricles: [blank_start]Atria[blank_end]: Contraction enhances ventricular filling. [blank_start]Ventricles[blank_end]: Blood flows from the RV and LV into the pulmonary artery and aorta [blank_start]Atria[blank_end]: Blood flows from the IVC and SVC
Answer
  • Atria
  • Ventricles
  • Atria
  • Ventricles
  • Atria
  • Ventricles

Question 123

Question
True or false: The amount of blood pumped out of the RV will always equal the amount of blood pumped out of the LV.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 124

Question
The fullest the ventricle will be is the end diastolic volume (EDV). This number is what?
Answer
  • 40 to 50 mL
  • 50 to 100 mL
  • 110 to 120 mL
  • 150 to 200 mL

Question 125

Question
The emptiest the ventricle will be is the end systolic volume (ESV). What number is this?
Answer
  • 40 to 50 mL
  • 50 to 100 mL
  • 100 to 150 mL
  • 150 to 200 mL

Question 126

Question
The comparison of the end diastolic volume to the end systolic volume is what?
Answer
  • Total peripheral resistance
  • Pulmonary filling pressure
  • Ejection fraction or stroke volume
  • Arterial pressure

Question 127

Question
The average ejection fraction in a healthy adult is what?
Answer
  • 30 percent
  • 40 percent
  • 50 percent
  • 60 percent

Question 128

Question
Select the two factors that can change the EDV and the ESV.
Answer
  • Strength of contraction
  • Increases in diastolic filling

Question 129

Question
Drag and drop the appropriate part of the heart to the area it works. [blank_start]Right Ventricle (RV)[blank_end]: Deoxygenated blood from RA [blank_start]Right Atrium (RA)[blank_end]: Deoxygenated blood from IVC and SVC [blank_start]Left Ventricle (LV)[blank_end]: Oxygenated blood from LA [blank_start]Left Atrium (LA)[blank_end]: Oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation
Answer
  • Right Ventricle (RV)
  • Right Atrium (RA)
  • Left Ventricle (LV)
  • Left Atrium (LA)

Question 130

Question
The atrium is the [blank_start]weaker[blank_end] pump of the heart. The [blank_start]right[blank_end] ventricle sends blood to the pulmonary circulation. The [blank_start]left[blank_end] ventricle sends blood to the peripheral circulation.
Answer
  • stronger
  • weaker
  • left
  • right
  • left
  • right

Question 131

Question
Name the three types of cardiac muscle in alphabetical order: [blank_start]Atrial[blank_end] muscle [blank_start]Excitatory[blank_end] / conductive muscle [blank_start]Ventricular[blank_end] muscle
Answer
  • Atrial
  • Excitatory
  • Ventricular

Question 132

Question
Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Answer
  • Striations
  • Actin and myosin filaments
  • Low-Resistance intercalated disks

Question 133

Question
Heart muscle is a [blank_start]syncytium[blank_end] of many heart muscle cells. When one cell becomes excited the action potential spreads to all of them
Answer
  • syncytium

Question 134

Question
Identify the three characteristics of cardiac muscle and how an impulse travels. [blank_start]Autorhythmic cell[blank_end] [blank_start]Gap junction[blank_end] [blank_start]Contractile cell[blank_end]
Answer
  • Autorhythmic cell
  • Nerve
  • Gap junction
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Contractile cell
  • Muscle cell

Question 135

Question
Contraction of cardiac muscle is initiated by the [blank_start]SA node[blank_end].
Answer
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibers

Question 136

Question
Action Potentials: The resting membrane potential of cardiac muscle is [blank_start]-85 to -95[blank_end]. The action potential of cardiac muscle is [blank_start]105[blank_end] millivolts. The plateau lasts [blank_start]0.2 to 0.3[blank_end] seconds in ventricular muscle -- much longer than skeletal muscle.
Answer
  • -85 to -95
  • -100 to -120
  • -60 to -70
  • 105
  • 120
  • 95
  • 0.2 to 0.3
  • 0.3 to 0.4
  • 0.5 to 0.7

Question 137

Question
Which of the following is responsible for the influx of intracellular calcium in cardiac muscle?
Answer
  • Intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Activation of the dihydropridene (DHP) channels
  • Activation of the ligand-gated channels
  • Passive sodium flow

Question 138

Question
In cardiac muscle, after the outflow of K+ ions during an action potential (AP), the permeability to K+ ions [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] tremendously. This prevents the early return of the AP voltage to its resting level.
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 139

Question
Action potentials of the cardiac cell is much [blank_start]longer[blank_end] than the AP of the nerve cell.
Answer
  • longer
  • shorter

Question 140

Question
Label the portions of the ventricular muscle action potential:
Image:
cf6e4af3-218b-422d-a9e1-fb0975e7680f (image/png)
Answer
  • Fast Na channels open, then slow Ca chan
  • K channels open
  • Ca channels open more
  • K channels open more
  • Resting membrane potential

Question 141

Question
Put the steps of rapid depolarization of a cardiac cell in order: [blank_start]Rapid change membrane pot. from + to -[blank_end] [blank_start]Voltage pauses above 0 mV level[blank_end] [blank_start]Membrane potential inc. to Na[blank_end] and [blank_start]dec to K[blank_end] [blank_start]Begins absolute refractory period[blank_end] [blank_start]Cardiac muscle can't be excited again.[blank_end]
Answer
  • Rapid change membrane pot. from + to -
  • Voltage pauses above 0 mV level
  • Membrane potential inc. to Na
  • dec to K
  • Begins absolute refractory period
  • Cardiac muscle can't be excited again.

Question 142

Question
Put the steps of initial re-polarization in order for cardiac muscle: 1. [blank_start]Movement of Na into cells STOPS[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Sodium gates close[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]C enters cell.[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]K leaves cell.[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]When Na stops, voltage begins to decline[blank_end]. 6. [blank_start]SLOW influx of Ca begins via slow Ca[blank_end] channels.
Answer
  • Movement of Na into cells STOPS
  • Sodium gates close
  • C enters cell.
  • K leaves cell.
  • When Na stops, voltage begins to decline
  • SLOW influx of Ca begins via slow Ca

Question 143

Question
SA node action potential has [blank_start]fewer[blank_end] phases than other cardiac muscle types.
Answer
  • fewer
  • more
  • the same amount

Question 144

Question
Place in order the phases of the SA node. Phase 0: [blank_start]Na & Ca influx[blank_end] Phase 3: [blank_start]K efflux[blank_end] Phase 4: [blank_start]Progressively slowed K efflux[blank_end] & intrinsic [blank_start]Na influx leak causes spontaneous[blank_end] depolarization.
Answer
  • Na & Ca influx
  • K efflux
  • Progressively slowed K efflux
  • Na influx leak causes spontaneous

Question 145

Question
[blank_start]Refractory period:[blank_end] During this time, the cardiac muscle cannot be re-excited. [blank_start]Relative refractory period:[blank_end] Cell can be excited, but the signal must be very strong. Example is an early or "premature" contraction.
Answer
  • Refractory period:
  • Relative refractory period:

Question 146

Question
Cardiac T-tubules are five times [blank_start]larger[blank_end] than skeletal muscle T-tubules.
Answer
  • larger
  • smaller

Question 147

Question
Excess Ca causes [blank_start]spastic contraction[blank_end]. Low Ca causes [blank_start]cardiac dilation[blank_end].
Answer
  • spastic contraction
  • cardiac dilation

Question 148

Question
Atrioventricular (AV) valves allow blood flow in one direction FROM atria to ventricle. [blank_start]Tricuspid valve[blank_end]: Between RA & RV [blank_start]Mitral valve:[blank_end] Between LA & LV
Answer
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Mitral valve:

Question 149

Question
The semilunar valves are the outlet valves of the ventricles. They provide blood from each ventricle into large outflow tract vessel. [blank_start]Pulmonary valve[blank_end]: Between RV & Pulmonary artery [blank_start]Aortic valve[blank_end]: Between LV & aorta
Answer
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve

Question 150

Question
Label the parts of the Atrial Pressure Wave:
Image:
132c6d50-c549-474c-9c31-9016ccf8c0f2 (image/png)
Answer
  • Atrial Contraction
  • Ventricular contraction (AV valves bulge
  • flow of blood into the atria

Question 151

Question
Diastole -Isovolumic relaxation -A-V valves [blank_start]open[blank_end] -Rapid inflow of blood -Diastasis -Slow flow into ventricle -Atrial systole -Extra blood in following P wave. -Accounts for 20-25 % of filling
Answer
  • close
  • open

Question 152

Question
Systole 1. Isovolumic contraction 2. A-V valves [blank_start]close[blank_end] ventricular press>atrial press 3. Aortic valve opens 4. Ejection phase 5. Aortic valve closes
Answer
  • close
  • open

Question 153

Question
Aortic Pressure Curve 1. Aortic pressure starts to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] during systole after the aortic valve opens 2. Aortic pressure [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] toward the end of the ejection phase. 3. Aftertheaorticvalvecloses,an incisura occurs because of sudden cessation of back-flow toward left ventricle. 4. Aortic pressure [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] slowly during diastole because of the elasticity of the aorta.
Answer
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decreases
  • increases
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 154

Question
[blank_start]Ejection Fraction[blank_end] = (SV/EDV) x 100
Answer
  • Ejection Fraction

Question 155

Question
Compute the following to calculate ejection fraction: EDV = 150 End-Systolic Volume = 50
Answer
  • 55%
  • 60%
  • 67%
  • 70%

Question 156

Question
If heart rate is 70 and stroke volume is 70, what is the cardiac output?
Answer
  • 3.5 L/min
  • 4 L/min
  • 4.9 L/min
  • 6 L/min

Question 157

Question
The normal value for ejection fraction is [blank_start]60 to 70[blank_end] percent. An EF less than [blank_start]40[blank_end] percent is associated with significant left ventricular impairment.
Answer
  • 60 to 70
  • 50 to 60
  • 40 to 60
  • 40
  • 50
  • 30

Question 158

Question
Select the normal valve area for the Aortic valve.
Answer
  • 1.5 to 3.0
  • 2.5 to 4.5
  • 3 to 5
  • 4 to 6

Question 159

Question
What is the normal valve area for the mitral valve?
Answer
  • 2.5 to 4.5
  • 3 to 5
  • 1 to 3
  • 4 to 6

Question 160

Question
Mean Pressure Gradient (mmHg) 1. Aortic <[blank_start]5[blank_end] 2. Mitral <[blank_start]2[blank_end]
Answer
  • 5
  • 3
  • 2
  • 5
  • 3
  • 2

Question 161

Question
Because of smaller opening, velocity through aortic & pulmonary valves [blank_start]exceed[blank_end] that through the A-V valves.
Answer
  • exceed
  • are less than

Question 162

Question
Label the ventricular pressure/volume loops.
Image:
71f7f8f1-411c-47a8-9738-372886cd875d (image/png)
Answer
  • Mitral Valve (MV) Closes
  • Aortic Valve (AV) Opens
  • Aortic Valve Closes
  • Mitral Valve Opens
  • Stroke Volume (70mL)
  • End Systolic Volume (50mL)
  • End diastolic volume (120 mL)
  • Afterload
  • Preload

Question 163

Question
Know these key points from Ray's powerpoint.
Image:
597af1d8-5972-4933-9db0-f2f7447a2bad (image/png)
Answer
  • Systole begins, diastole ends
  • Systole ends, Diastole begins

Question 164

Question
Increased contractility [blank_start]increases[blank_end] stroke volume.
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 165

Question
Increased preload [blank_start]increases[blank_end] stroke volume.
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 166

Question
Increased afterload [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] stroke volume.
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 167

Question
Increasing the arterial pressure in the aorta does not decrease the CO until the MAP rises above what?
Answer
  • 80
  • 100
  • 120
  • 160

Question 168

Question
Frank-Starling Law Intrinsic ability of the heart to adapt to increasing volumes of inflowing blood Greater the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the [blank_start]greater[blank_end] force of contraction, the greater amt of blood pumped to aorta
Answer
  • greater
  • lesser

Question 169

Question
The Frank-Starling Relationship says that [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] ventricular filling [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] Preload [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] LVEDP [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] Stroke Volume
Answer
  • Decreased
  • Increased
  • Decreased
  • Increased
  • Decreased
  • Increased
  • Decreased
  • Increased

Question 170

Question
What are the ways to increase cardiac output? [blank_start]Increase[blank_end] contractility [blank_start]Increase[blank_end] preload [blank_start]Decrease[blank_end] after load Change the rate
Answer
  • Decrease
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Increase
Show full summary Hide full summary

Want to create your own Quizzes for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

Similar

CHEMISTRY C1 5
x_clairey_x
Animal Farm Chapter Overview
10jgorman
mcolby MITOSIS TEST
Melinda Colby
Components of Physical Fitness
luciwig88
Costume History Slidshow
Jemi Armstrong
Denary, Binary and Hexadecimal
Samuel Leonard
TItrations (how to do the experiment) (concentrations)
janey.efen
CHEMISTRY TEST
kingi kigongo
The Periodic Table
asramanathan
CMS Interpretive Guidelines for Complaint/Grievances
Lydia Elliott, Ed.D
Chapter 16: The Cold War
Becca Strobbe
Browse Library