S377 Chapter 16

Description

Quiz based on the summaries of Chapter 16
Mikki M
Quiz by Mikki M, updated more than 1 year ago
Mikki M
Created by Mikki M about 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Cell adhesion is a property of many cell types which position themselves by attaching to other cells or to the [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] matrix using adhesion molecules in the [blank_start]plasma membrane.[blank_end]
Answer
  • extracellular
  • intracellular
  • plasma membrane.
  • cytoplasm

Question 2

Question
Some adhesion molecules also [blank_start]transduce[blank_end] signals from the [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] environment to the cell
Answer
  • transduce
  • emit
  • extracellular
  • intracellular

Question 3

Question
Cell migration involves both the interaction of adhesion molecules with elements of the [blank_start]cytoskeleton[blank_end], and the coordinated attachment, [blank_start]movement[blank_end] and detachment of adhesion molecules from the extracellular matrix.
Answer
  • cytoskeleton
  • matrix
  • movement
  • absorbtion

Question 4

Question
Cell [blank_start]migration[blank_end] is central to the development of eukaryotic organisms, but also occurs during tissue [blank_start]regeneration[blank_end] and repair.
Answer
  • migration
  • regeneration

Question 5

Question
Many cells have the potential for motility. The [blank_start]direction[blank_end] of cell migration is determined by chemotactic signalling molecules.
Answer
  • direction
  • strength
  • speed

Question 6

Question
The slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum and mammalian [blank_start]leukocytes[blank_end] are the best-studied examples of mobile eukaryotic cells. The basic processes of motility are similar in all [blank_start]eukaryotes[blank_end].
Answer
  • leukocytes
  • epithelial
  • eukaryotes
  • prokaryotes

Question 7

Question
If cells are not connected to the basal lamina or other cells as they should be (i.e. They are incorrectly positioned) , CAMs that also act as signalling molecules do not receive the survival signals. This leads to....
Answer
  • Cell death by apoptosis or cell migration to the correct place
  • Nothing happens
  • A party
  • Cell division by mitosis

Question 8

Question
Cadherins are adhesion molecules important in
Answer
  • Organisation of tissues
  • Maintaining correct cell-cell contact
  • Cell migration
  • Immune system

Question 9

Question
Label the following
Answer
  • Filopodia
  • Lamellipodia
  • Pseudopodia
  • Lamellipodia
  • Filopodia
  • Pseudopodia

Question 10

Question
What are these in the picture?
Answer
  • Pseudopodia
  • Lamellipodia
  • Filopodia

Question 11

Question
Put the labels in the right place
Answer
  • Chemotaxis
  • chemokinesis
  • haptotaxis

Question 12

Question
[blank_start]Avidity[blank_end] is the overall strength of cellular [blank_start]adhesiveness[blank_end], which is determined by the [blank_start]density and distribution[blank_end] of adhesion molecules in a localized region of the plasma membrane, and by the affinity of [blank_start]individual[blank_end] adhesion molecules.
Answer
  • Avidity
  • Affinity
  • adhesiveness
  • density and distribution
  • individual

Question 13

Question
Adhesion molecules allow cells to attach to each other or the [blank_start]substratum[blank_end] or [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] matrix.
Answer
  • substratum
  • submarine
  • extracellular
  • intracellular

Question 14

Question
[blank_start]Cadherins[blank_end] mediate cell–cell junctional adhesion via [blank_start]homophilic[blank_end] interactions, and are associated with the [blank_start]cytoskeleton[blank_end] via anchoring proteins called [blank_start]catenins[blank_end].
Answer
  • Cadherins
  • Integrins
  • homophilic
  • heterophilic
  • cytoskeleton
  • catenins

Question 15

Question
Cadherins interact with identical cadherins on other cells
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
[blank_start]Integrins[blank_end] bind to other [blank_start]molecules[blank_end], not other integrins. This is [blank_start]heterophilic[blank_end] binding.
Answer
  • Integrins
  • Cadherins
  • molecules
  • glues
  • heterophilic
  • homophilic

Question 17

Question
Loss of [blank_start]cadherin[blank_end] function in tumours is associated with [blank_start]malignancy[blank_end], as it means a loss of [blank_start]homologous[blank_end] cell adhesion.
Answer
  • cadherin
  • integrin
  • malignancy
  • benign
  • homologous
  • heterologous

Question 18

Question
Which of these are integrins present in?

Question 19

Question
Cadherins bind to [blank_start]cadherins[blank_end]. Integrins bind to [blank_start]proteins[blank_end]. Lectins bind to [blank_start]carbohydrates on glycoproteins[blank_end]. [blank_start]Selectins[blank_end] are a type of lectin.
Answer
  • cadherins
  • integrins
  • proteins
  • sugars
  • carbohydrates on glycoproteins
  • nucleic acids
  • Selectins
  • Catenins

Question 20

Question
Adhesion molecules allow cells to attach to each other or the substratum or extracellular matrix.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Cadherins mediate cell–cell junctional adhesion via homophilic interactions, and are associated with the cytoskeleton via anchoring proteins called [blank_start]catenins[blank_end].
Answer
  • catenins

Question 22

Question
Integrins are very important in controlling cell [blank_start]adhesion[blank_end], as their affinity may be modulated by [blank_start]inside-out[blank_end] signalling. The [blank_start]metal ion[blank_end] dependent adhesion site on the [blank_start]I/A domain[blank_end] of integrins can be present in an open or closed form, which determines whether the integrin can bind to its substrate(s).
Answer
  • adhesion
  • migration
  • inside-out
  • upside-down
  • I/A domain
  • metal ion

Question 23

Question
Different integrins can bind to components of the [blank_start]extracellular matrix[blank_end] or adhesion molecules on [blank_start]other cells[blank_end]. Some integrins also transduce [blank_start]survival signals[blank_end] for anchorage-dependent cells.
Answer
  • extracellular matrix
  • other cells
  • survival signals

Question 24

Question
[blank_start]Ig superfamily[blank_end] CAMs contain several [blank_start]extracellular Ig[blank_end] domains. By contrast with i[blank_start]ntegrins[blank_end] and c[blank_start]adherins[blank_end], binding of Ig superfamily CAMs to their ligands is independent of [blank_start]Ca2+ (or Mg2+)[blank_end].
Answer
  • Ig superfamily
  • extracellular Ig
  • ntegrins
  • adherins
  • Ca2+ (or Mg2+)

Question 25

Question
Which of these need Ca2+ (or Mg2+) to bind to their ligands?
Answer
  • Integrins
  • Cadherins
  • Ig superfamily CAMs

Question 26

Question
C[blank_start]ollagen[blank_end], [blank_start]fibronectin[blank_end] and l[blank_start]aminin[blank_end] are important components of the ECM and [blank_start]basal laminae[blank_end], and bind to different [blank_start]β1 integrins[blank_end].
Answer
  • ollagen
  • fibronectin
  • aminin
  • basal laminae
  • β1 integrins
  • β2 integrins

Question 27

Question
I[blank_start]ntegrins[blank_end], Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecules (Ig superfamily CAMs) and s[blank_start]electins[blank_end] are all involved in [blank_start]leukocyte migration[blank_end] into tissues, each type of molecule having a different function in the process. Selectins bind to [blank_start]carbohydrates on glycoproteins[blank_end] to tether migrating cells, whereas the interaction between integrins on the [blank_start]leukocytes[blank_end] and Ig superfamily CAMs on the [blank_start]endothelial cells[blank_end] allows the leukocyte to migrate through the [blank_start]endothelium[blank_end].
Answer
  • ntegrins
  • electins
  • leukocyte migration
  • carbohydrates on glycoproteins
  • leukocytes
  • endothelial cells
  • endothelium

Question 28

Question
Label the ways cells can change their adhesive properties by changing the avidity of the adhesion molecules.
Answer
  • add pre-made CAMs from storage vesicle
  • make and add new CAMs, takes time
  • change grouping of CAMs
  • remove CAMs internally
  • shed CAMs externally

Question 29

Question
Cells can regulate the functional activity of their adhesion molecules by changing the surface [blank_start]density[blank_end] or distribution of the molecules ([blank_start]avidity[blank_end]), and/or by modulating their [blank_start]affinity[blank_end]. e.g. the [blank_start]allosteric[blank_end] modulation of [blank_start]integrin[blank_end] affinity
Answer
  • density
  • avidity
  • affinity
  • allosteric
  • integrin

Question 30

Question
Adhesion molecules tend to cluster in high-[blank_start]avidity[blank_end] patches (which are called ‘[blank_start]focal adhesions[blank_end]’ in cell–matrix interactions).
Answer
  • avidity
  • focal adhesions

Question 31

Question
Adhesion can be rapidly modulated by changing the [blank_start]affinity[blank_end] of the individual adhesion molecules. Alternatively, adhesion can be downregulated by [blank_start]internalizing[blank_end] or shedding adhesion molecules from the [blank_start]cell surface[blank_end].
Answer
  • affinity
  • internalizing
  • cell surface

Question 32

Question
At the leading edge of the [blank_start]pseudopod[blank_end], [blank_start]F-actin[blank_end] filaments form [blank_start]branched arrays[blank_end]. [blank_start]ARP complexes[blank_end] attach to the side of filaments and add new ones, forming branches. [blank_start]Thymosin[blank_end] inhibits this by [blank_start]sequestering actin[blank_end]. [blank_start]Profilin[blank_end] promotes it by adding actin to the forming branches. The balance between them determines [blank_start]rate of formation[blank_end]. Actin monomers are added to the plus end, as T-form (i.e. [blank_start]Actin-ATP[blank_end]), over time it hydrolyses to D-form (i.e. [blank_start]Actin-ADP[blank_end]). [blank_start]Cofilin[blank_end] binds to [blank_start]D-form[blank_end] and helps to degrade the [blank_start]minus end[blank_end] where most of the D-form is. Some [blank_start]plus ends[blank_end] are capped, which stops further growth. Most plus ends in [blank_start]stationary cells[blank_end] are capped.
Answer
  • pseudopod
  • F-actin
  • branched arrays
  • ARP complexes
  • Thymosin
  • sequestering actin
  • Profilin
  • rate of formation
  • Actin-ATP
  • Actin-ADP
  • Cofilin
  • D-form
  • minus end
  • plus ends
  • stationary cells

Question 33

Question
Adhesion molecules interact with the cytoskeleton indirectly via anchoring proteins
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Which of these is present in the uropod and important in the contraction of the trailing edge?
Answer
  • Myosin II
  • Myosin I
  • F-actin

Question 35

Question
Extension of pseudopodia involves polymerization, extension and branching of [blank_start]actin[blank_end] filaments at the leading edge of the cell.
Answer
  • actin

Question 36

Question
Many [blank_start]adhesion molecules[blank_end], including integrins and Ig superfamily CAMs interact with [blank_start]actin filaments[blank_end] via [blank_start]anchoring proteins[blank_end]. Engagement of adhesion molecules with the [blank_start]cytoskeleton[blank_end] depends on the arrangement of the cell and whether the cell has been activated by [blank_start]extracellular signals[blank_end].
Answer
  • adhesion molecules
  • actin filaments
  • anchoring proteins
  • cytoskeleton
  • extracellular signals

Question 37

Question
The [blank_start]ERM family[blank_end] proteins –e[blank_start]zrin[blank_end], r[blank_start]adixin[blank_end] and m[blank_start]oesin[blank_end] –act as cytoskeletal anchoring proteins for several transmembrane proteins including [blank_start]Ig superfamily CAMs[blank_end]. Following activation, these proteins switch to an [blank_start]open conformation[blank_end], which cross-links the adhesion molecule to [blank_start]actin filaments[blank_end].
Answer
  • ERM family
  • zrin
  • adixin
  • oesin
  • Ig superfamily CAMs
  • open conformation
  • actin filaments

Question 38

Question
α -Actinin, [blank_start]vinculin[blank_end] and talin are involved in cross-linking [blank_start]integrins[blank_end] to [blank_start]filaments[blank_end].
Answer
  • vinculin
  • integrins
  • filaments

Question 39

Question
[blank_start]Myosin II[blank_end] interacts with filaments, to maintain the [blank_start]shape[blank_end] of the cell, for moving the cell [blank_start]forward[blank_end] and to move [blank_start]organelles[blank_end].
Answer
  • Myosin II
  • shape
  • forward
  • organelles

Question 40

Question
[blank_start]Chemotactic[blank_end] molecules promote [blank_start]polarization[blank_end] of cells and [blank_start]directional[blank_end] migration. In multicellular animals, many chemotactic molecules act on [blank_start]7-helix[blank_end] transmembrane [blank_start]G protein-coupled[blank_end] receptors.
Answer
  • Chemotactic
  • polarization
  • directional
  • G protein-coupled
  • 7-helix

Question 41

Question
[blank_start]Chemokines[blank_end] are a large group of chemotactic molecules which control [blank_start]leukocyte[blank_end] migration. They have a [blank_start]glycosaminoglycan (GAG)[blank_end] binding site (GAGs may be located in the extracellular matrix or on the surface of cells), and a [blank_start]chemokine receptor[blank_end] binding site.
Answer
  • Chemokines
  • leukocyte
  • glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
  • chemokine receptor

Question 42

Question
Binding of [blank_start]chemotactic[blank_end] molecules to their receptors can lead to the activation of [blank_start]PI 3-kinase[blank_end] and the [blank_start]phosphorylation[blank_end] of membrane lipids, which recruit proteins with [blank_start]pleckstrin homology[blank_end] (PH) domains to the leading edge of the cell and modulate interactions between the [blank_start]actin cytoskeleton[blank_end] and adhesion molecules.
Answer
  • chemotactic
  • PI 3-kinase
  • phosphorylation
  • pleckstrin homology
  • actin cytoskeleton

Question 43

Question
Chemokines and their receptors are not very [blank_start]specific[blank_end]. Many of the receptors will bind several types of ligand and many chemokines will bind to several different receptors. This is called [blank_start]promiscuous binding[blank_end].
Answer
  • specific
  • promiscuous binding

Question 44

Question
Activation of GTPases belonging to the [blank_start]Rho family[blank_end] has global effects on cell morphology, the arrangement of the [blank_start]cytoskeleton[blank_end], and cell adhesion properties. Prenylation of RhoA translocates it to the plasma membrane, where it can be activated by GTP binding and modulate the F-actin network by formation of focal adhesions.
Answer
  • Rho family
  • cytoskeleton

Question 45

Question
Molecular interactions between the [blank_start]signalling pathways[blank_end] induced by different [blank_start]chemotactic receptors[blank_end] allow cells to regulate their overall patterns of [blank_start]migration[blank_end] within the complex gradients of chemotactic (or repellent) molecules that may be found in vivo .
Answer
  • signalling pathways
  • chemotactic receptors
  • migration

Question 46

Question
[blank_start]Slit[blank_end] proteins expressed on the cell surface are [blank_start]repellent[blank_end] proteins that act on [blank_start]Robo receptors[blank_end] and can prevent [blank_start]cell movement[blank_end] into tissues expressing the Slit proteins. Slits and Robos are widely and transiently expressed during [blank_start]development[blank_end], and are still present in the adult in many tissues.
Answer
  • Slit
  • repellent
  • Robo receptors
  • cell movement
  • development

Question 47

Question
[blank_start]Matrix metalloproteases[blank_end] (MMPs) are secreted by [blank_start]migrating cells[blank_end], which allows them to move through tissues by [blank_start]cleaving molecules[blank_end] of the extracellular matrix.
Answer
  • Matrix metalloproteases
  • migrating cells
  • cleaving molecules

Question 48

Question
[blank_start]Metalloprotease disintegrins[blank_end] (ADAMs) interfere with [blank_start]intercellular adhesion[blank_end], and also can facilitate leukocyte [blank_start]motility[blank_end].
Answer
  • Metalloprotease disintegrins
  • intercellular adhesion
  • motility

Question 49

Question
MMPs and ADAMs are [blank_start]inhibited[blank_end] by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases ([blank_start]TIMPs[blank_end]). The balance of the enzymes and inhibitors is important in controlling cell [blank_start]motility[blank_end] and tissue [blank_start]remodelling[blank_end].
Answer
  • inhibited
  • TIMPs
  • motility
  • remodelling
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