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CRJ 163 Midterm
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Questions in this quiz (100)
1To secure and maintain public support, the police must strive to deploy ethical leaders to promote and reinforce the direct supervision of front line officers
- ATrue
- BFalse
2According to Sir Robert Peel, the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not police action against crime and disorder.
- ATrue
- BFalse
3Numerous studies indicate that the traditional model of policing, in and of itself, is not an effective means for dealing with crime and disorder.
- ATrue
- BFalse
4Currently, the single, universally accepted model for policing is community policing.
- ATrue
- BFalse
5To effectively meet and respond to the issues and challenges of the twenty first century, the police must:
- Amaintain traditional police culture and methodology
- Bchange the basic police mission
- Cpossess ethical leadership competence
- Dsustain the traditional model of policing
- Eall of the above
6The police should:
- Aorchestrate new policing philosophies and strategies
- Bresist change
- Cchange the police mission
- Dfocus on leadership development rather than technical competence
- Eall of the above
7The area of change that signifies the potential for improvements in policing in the twenty-first century includes:
- Aorganization and development, i.e., community policing
- Btechnological advancements
- Cprofessionalism
- Daccountability
- Eall of the above
8The primary focus of the traditional model of policing is:
- Apolice contact with law-abiding citizens
- Breacting to reported crimes
- Cpolice officer initiatives to prevent crime
- Deffective use of police officer time and talent
- Eall of the above
9While many labels and procedural models have been attached to community policing, virtually all include a primary focus on:
- Aa high number of arrests
- Bthe formation of specialized units such as SWAT teams
- Cmulti-level police agency organizational structures
- Dcommunity engagement and problem-solving
- Eall of the above
10Widespread achievement of professional status by the police is difficult because:
- Athe U.S. police service is a cohesive group
- Bthe police claim professional status
- Ca common body of police knowledge does not exist
- Dprofessional status is not achievable by the police service
- Eall of the above
11Many initiatives (such as those associated with crime reduction goals) fail because participants do not manage change effectively.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12Because of the existence of the hierarchical rank structure in most police agencies, front line police officers need not possess the skills necessary to lead and supervise themselves.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13Effective policing in the twenty-first century necessitates:
- Aethical leadership competence of all police officers
- Bpolice organizational, governance, and performance measurement changes
- Creconsideration of police selection and training standards
- Dthe public's reconceptualization of the role of the police
- Eall of the above
14The front-line police officer (the officer on the street) is the person responsible for implementing police strategy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
15Because they exercise an enormous amount of discretion, front-line police officers are in a position to reject a leadership role.
- ATrue
- BFalse
16An ethical leader is one who possesses a philosophical moral foundation upon which decisions and behavior are based
- ATrue
- BFalse
17The CEO of a police agency has the most direct role in serving the mission of the police agency
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Because ethical leadership development is an event rather than a process, most leadership training and education resources should be directed toward recruits in a police academy
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Ethical leadership:
- Ainvolves values
- Bhas a moral dimension
- Crequires judgements about human behavior
- Dinvolves ethical considerations
- Eall of the above
20Police officers can use information about values and the theories and practices of leadership and ethics to:
- Abetter understand themselves
- Bstrengthen leadership capabilities
- Cmotivate and influence others
- Ddo the right thing
- Eall of the above
21As public officers, the police are supposed to be:
- Aauthoritarian
- Bservice-oriented
- Cautocratic
- Dsubjectively-centered
- Eall of the above
22Select the incorrect statement.
- Athe police mission can fail because goals and priorities are not clearly defined
- Bthe police are forced to work in a politically, socially, and practically problematic environment
- CIn many problematic environments, the police may fail without ethical leadership skills
- Dthe police rarely confront critical and difficult problems facing society
- Eall of the above are incorrect statements
23A leadership quality does not lend itself to objective measurement based on observable behavior
- ATrue
- BFalse
24Essential police leadership competencies may be defined as the skills necessary to promote community engagement, participation, and problem solving
- ATrue
- BFalse
25Ethical leadership skills and concepts:
- Aencompass a wide variety of behaviors that allow the leader to employ numerous approaches to accomplishing goals
- Bdo not demand consideration of values and ethics because of the officer's power and authority
- Cfail to provide standards by which a police officer's actions can be evaluated
- Dshould not be used to direct the exercise of discretion
- Eall of the above
26Ethical leadership skills
- AHelp officers conceptualize and articulate their activities
- BAssists police officers with defining their role
- CEnhance a police officer's sense of confidence
- DHighlight the importance of what police officers do
- Eall of the above
27Police officers as ethical leaders are:
- Acommitted to the law and professional standards of behavior
- Bresponsive and insensitive to changing circumstances
- Cnot responsible for correcting another's unethical behavior
- Din a position to encourage conflicts of interest to resolve problems
- Eall of the above
28Police agency ________ are in the best position to directly impact the lives of the people who are served by the agency
- ACEOs
- Bmiddle managers
- Cline supervisors
- Dline officers
- Eall of the above
29As compared to leadership qualities, leadership competencies (skills):
- Acan be acquired through learning
- Bcan be measured objectively
- Cfocus on the ability to do rather than feel
- Dare not defined in terms of subjective human emotions
- Eall of the above
30Select the incorrect statement
- Amost police activity involves situational managemnet
- Bmost police activity involves physical confrontation
- Cmost police activity requires ethical leadership
- Dmost police activity involves the exercise of discretion
- Eall of the above are incorrect statements
31________ leadership competence are used to create a vision, prioritize, delegate, and define goals and objectives.
- Acommunications and related interpersonal
- Bmotivational
- Cproblem solving
- Dplanning and organizing
- Eactuation-implementation
32The universal definition of leadership states that leadership involves the act of influencing others to achieve goals
- ATrue
- BFalse
33One of the earliest leadership theories focused on inborn characteristics unique to an individual
- ATrue
- BFalse
34Transactional leadership theory suggests that leaders and followers make contact and cooperate with one another for the purpose of a values exchange.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35Leadership usually involves directing people toward organizational goals
- ATrue
- BFalse
36Select the correct statement.
- ALeadership may be the focus of a group process
- BFollowers who admire their leaders tend to be more productive
- CLeadership involves the ability to influence or motivate
- DLeadership has been defined as an act or behavior
- EAll the above are correct statements
37One of the most common approaches to the study of leadership today is:
- ATrait leadership theory
- BTransformational leadership theory
- CScientific management leadership theory
- DLeadership qualities theory
- EAll of the above
38Although its validity is questioned by recent theorists, ______ theory suggests that inborn characteristics in human being form the ingredients for leadership ability.
- Atrait
- Bbehavior
- Cpersonal-situational
- Dcontingency
- Einteraction-expectation
39The leadership theory that proposes that a complex combination of intellectual, affective and action characteristics, as well as specific conditions in the leader's environment, operate to create successful leadership is referred to as _____ theory.
- Atrait
- Bbehavior
- Cpersonal-situational
- Dcontingency
- Einteraction-expectation
40Sometimes referred to as the style approach, _____ theory focuses on what leaders do and how they act, based on the task at hand and the leaders' relationships with others
- Atrait
- Bbehavior
- Cpersonal-situationa
- Dcontingency
- Einteraction-expectation
41According to _____ theory, leadership involves the act of initiating a structure that is supported by group members.
- Atrait
- Bbehavior
- Cpersonal-situational
- Dcontingency
- Einteraction-expectation
42Through the application of _____ theory, an attempt is made to match the leader's style to the circumstances.
- Atrait
- Bbehavior
- Cpersonal-situational
- Dcontingency
- Einteraction-expectation
43Describing leadership in terms of the ability to motivate, influence, or persuade has been viewed as a major step in the direction of defining leadership
- ATrue
- BFalse
44_____ supposes that leaders must be adaptable, directing tasks or supporting followers, depending on the demands of a particular set of circumstances
- ASituational theory
- BPath-goal theory
- CLeader-follower (member) exchange theory
- DTransformational theory
- EThe psychodynamic approach
45_____ suggests that a leader should use a style that meets follower motivational needs. Followers are motivated when they believe they are capable and their efforts will achieve goals and worthwhile rewards.
- ASituational theory
- BPath-goal theory
- CLeader-follower (member) exchange theory
- DTransformational theory
- EThe psychodynamic approach
46_____ makes the relationship between a leader and followers the focal point of the leadership process.
- ASituational theory
- BPath-goal theory
- CLeader-follower (member) exchange theory
- DTransformational theory
- EThe psychodynamic approach
47_____ focuses on a process through which a leader engages other and creates a connection that raises the level of motivation and morality in the leader as well as the followers
- ASituational theory
- BPath-goal theory
- CLeader-follower (member) exchange theory
- DTransformational theory
- EThe psychodynamic approach
48_____ places value on leader and follower awareness of their own personality characteristics so they understand how and why they respond to each other the way they do
- ASituational theory
- BPath-goal theory
- CLeader-follower (member) exchange theory
- DTransformational theory
- EThe psychodynamic approach
49_____ occurs anytime one attempts to motivate, influence, or mobilize an individual or a group
- Amanagement
- Bleadership
- Cadministration
- Dorganization
- Eall of the above
50Select the correct statement
- Aa manager administers; a leader innovates
- Ba manager relies on control; a leader inspires trust
- Ca manager focuses on structure- a leader focuses on people
- Da manager does things right; a leader does the right thing
- EAll of the above are correct statements
51Concrete answers to ethical questions are found in codes of ethics and standards of professional conduct
- ATrue
- BFalse
52Ethicists are in general agreement over the elements of ethics because there are certain basic ethical principles and practices that can be applied in any situation
- ATrue
- BFalse
53Absolutism, as a metaethical approach to the study of ethics, postulates that the ethical reasons for a decision are unchangeable and based on what is believed to be true
- ATrue
- BFalse
54According to relativistic theory, what is morally right or wrong behavior depends on the group within which behavior takes place
- ATrue
- BFalse
55Ethics refers to who a person is while virtue refers to what a person does
- ATrue
- BFalse
56Virtues such as integrity and honesty help to form a foundation for morality. Therefore, a police officer is immoral if the officer lies to a criminal suspect during an interrogation
- ATrue
- BFalse
57Peer pressure, loyalties, social factors and psychological problems are the major causes of police officer misconduct
- ATrue
- BFalse
58Inappropriate behavior or uncivil conduct on the part of a police officer, although unacceptable while on-duty, is generally acceptable if it restricted to the officer's off-duty, private life.
- ATrue
- BFalse
59From a criminal justice practitioner's perspective, ethical issues are often encountered in situations that involve:
- Athe use of discretion or force
- Bdeceptive practices
- Cassurance of rights to due process
- Dloyalty to peers
- Eall of the above
60_____ is an area of ethical analysis that attempts to discover the reasons for making moral judgements
- Anormative ethics
- Bmetaethics
- Cdeontological theory
- Dteleological theory
- Eall of the above
61_____ focuses on the morality of action as it considers what types of acts are morally right or wrong
- Anormative ethics
- Bmetaethics
- Cdeontological theory
- Dteleological theory
- Eall of the above
62_____ are used as a theoretical basis for ethics
- Anormative ethics
- Bmetaethics
- Cdeontological theory
- Dteleological theory
- Eall of the above
63_____ or non-consequentialism, is the duty driven and focuses on the means through which one acts rather than the end result
- Anonnative ethics
- Bmetaethics
- Cdeontological theory
- Dteleological theory
- Eall of the above
64_____ is goal driven; the ends (consequences) justify the means used
- Anormative ethics
- Bmetaethics
- Cdeontological theory
- Dteleological theory
- Eall of the above
65_____ supports actions as ethical when good outcomes (consequences) outweigh bad outcomes
- Aabsoltutism
- Butilitarianism
- Ckantianism
- Ddevine command theory
- Eall of the above
66Several basic principles of ethics can be derived from the theories of ethics. The basic principles of ethics include:
- Anonmaleficence and beneficence
- Bfidelity and veracity
- Cjustice and reparation
- Dgratitude and confidentiality
- Eall of the above
67Virtues:
- Aare principles of good conduct and systems of moral values
- Bare uniform moral principles of action
- Cprescribe morally correct action that leads to the common good
- Dare fundamental traits and dispositions of good character that form the foundation for morality
- Eall of the above
68_____ is )are) concerned with rational and objective decision-making based on what is universally acceptable in any society
- Amorality
- Bvirtues
- Cethics
- Dprudence
- Eall of the above
69Virtues
- Aare easily developed
- Bare easily discarded
- Cin sensitize a person to ethical issues
- Doperate independent of a situation
- Eall of the above
70_____ is a legitimate justification for the unethical behavior of a police officer
- Athe noble cause
- Bpeer pressure
- Cloyalty
- Da psychological problem
- Enone of the above
71_____ values are enduring yet changeable belief that are reflected by an occupational or discipline
- Asocietal
- Borganizational
- Cprofessional
- Dpersonal
- Eall of the above
72most police codes of ethics and conduct
- Acan be rejected as irrelevant to the practical realities of police work
- Bmake allowances for important behavior because police officers are human beings
- Care standardized by the IACP
- Dprovide an aspiring standard against which officers can measure their own behavior
- Eall of the above
73Select the correct statement
- Aleadership and ethical behavior are individual responsibilities
- Bethical leaders find unconditional worth and valuable difference in others
- Can ethical leader seeks the common good of a community
- Deffective leadership and ethics are inseperable
- Eall of the above
74If officers are well trained and educated, policing strategy can be effective without community support
- ATrue
- BFalse
75Nothing undermines public confidence, trust, and support for the police more than an unethical police conduct
- ATrue
- BFalse
76Because mutual support, group solidarity, and loyalty are critical to survival in police work, an officer can tolerate non-serious misconduct on the part of another officer
- ATrue
- BFalse
77A police subculture can have positive as well as negative qualities and consequences
- ATrue
- BFalse
78In early warnings symptom reporting system can be used to identify problem officers and, ultimately, administer timely corrective interventions
- ATrue
- BFalse
79unethical (unprofessional) police behavior:
- Ais systemic
- Bmanifests itself rarely and in only a few forms
- Cis typically limited to municipal police agencies
- Dis displayed by some individual officers
- Eall of the above
80A subculture is:
- Aan enclave within a culture
- Bcharacterized by distinct, integrated network of attitudes, beliefs, amd behaviors
- Ca mechanism for self-protection
- Dsomething that develops in all occupations
- Eall of the above
81A distinction between the police subculture and many other occupational subcultures include:
- AThe degree to which values and beliefs are informally promulgated and adhered to
- BOccupational stress
- CThe presence of danger
- DThe need for a defense mechanism against perceived threats from others
- EAll of the above
82Many experts on policing believe that the single greatest obstacle to achieving accountability for police behavior is:
- AThe news media
- BPolice agency policy
- CIndividual police officers
- DThe police subculture
- EAll of the above
83Maintenance of an ethical standard of conduct is one of an organization's responsibilities. Therefore, a police officer need not intervene to prevent respond to unethical behavior demonstrated by another officer
- ATrue
- BFalse
84Unethical police behavior can be prevented if police agencies:
- AExercise care in the recruitment and selection of officers
- BCommunicate professional values
- CHold officers accountable for their actions
- DTake corrective action when unethical conduct occurs
- EAll of the above
85An ethical culture can be established and maintained in a police organization through:
- ALeadership that models ethical behavior
- BUnification of individuals in support of ethical behavior
- CEthics education and training
- DEthics integration in personal as well as professional lives
- EAll of the above
86Police officer bills of rights:
- AHave been enacted in all states to protect officers from arbitrary punitive action.
- BAre an alternative to policies that support police management rights to control officer conduct
- CAre designed to protect incompetent officers
- DExpressly provide statutory rights to protect officers from arbitrary disciplinary action
- EAll of the above
87Conflict management and resolution through communication often require differing leadership communication styles because situations differ
- ATrue
- BFalse
88Tactical communication is used to solicit information and generate compliance without being confrontational or resorting to the use of physical force
- ATrue
- BFalse
89Common sources of information for a police officer can include virtually an item, document, database, or person other than a criminal suspect
- ATrue
- BFalse
90Communication
- AIs an event that involves at least two people
- BDoes not contain communicative value unless it has a verbal component
- CIs a simple process
- DIs a medium for the transmission of thought and meaning
- EAll of the above
91During the _____ communications process, one thinks, reasons, evaluates, and speaks with oneself.
- AIntrapersonal
- BInterpersonal
- CGroup
- DPublic
- EMass
92During the _____ communications process, a limited number of people share thoughts, identify and solve problems, and develop new ideas through synergism
- AIntrapersonal
- BInterpersonal
- CGroup
- DPublic
- EMass
93Through the _____ communications process, individuals interact with each other, learning about one another's feelings, beliefs, and desires.
- AIntrapersonal
- BInterpersonal
- CGroup
- DPublic
- EMass
94Select the correct statement
- AMeanings are not in words alone
- BMore communication is not always better
- CNo single person or even causes another's reaction to a communication
- DEffective communication will not solve all problems
- EAll of the above are correct statements
95Select the correct statement
- AAll human problems are communication problems
- BGood communication techniques guarantee good communication
- CBoth sender and receiver share responsibility for a misunderstood communication
- DGood communication always results in understanding
- EAll of the above are correct statements
96Obstacles to effective communication include:
- Athe absence of emotional barriers
- Beffective listening
- Cthe presence of physical barriers
- Dcommon meaning in words and phrases
- Eall of the above
97working in teams and task forces tend to:
- Apromote innovation and creative thinking
- Bincrease task accomplishment speed
- Clower costs
- Denhance quality of decisions
- Eall of the above
98Poor understanding and limited knowledge of cross-cultural communication concepts can lead to:
- Apositive professional job task performance
- Bjob-related stress and poor officer health
- Cofficer promotion possibilities
- Dfewer citizen complaints
- Eall of the aboce
99the _____ provide(s) more complete and detailed information about crime than do the summary statistics of the traditional UCR system
- ANCIC
- BNCIC 2000
- CNIBRS
- DGIS
- Eall of the above
100The _____ enables police agencies to analyze and correlate various data sources to create a detailed view of crime incidents and related factors within a specific area
- ANCIC
- BNCIC 2000
- CNIBRS
- DGIS
- Eall of the above
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- Quiz on CRJ 163 Midterm, created by ada vargas on 15/11/2016.
- Author
- ada vargas
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- English
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